加工用 菜蔬에 關한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 加工用 오이의 品種에 關하여 On varieties for processing cucumber

李愚昇,朴小守 慶北大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In order to select the better varieties for pickling use, the authors studied on the characteristics and yields of cultivated cucumber varieties in Korea. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Yields per plant was the highest in Sa-Yeup, Sung Ho Won-Chung Jang, Sung Ho Won-New No. 1, KeRyang-Seoul Madi and Chung Yong-Sam chuck in order. 2. The nember of fruit set per plant was the most in Sung HO Won-Chung Jang, Sung Ho Won-New No. 1, KeRyang-Seoul Madi, Sa-Yeup and Chung Yong-Sam chuck in order. 3. Yields percentage of salt pickling was 62% to 72%. 4. The varieties of Sung Ho Won-Chung Jang, Sung HO Won-New No. 1 and KeRyang-Seoul Madi were similar in the plant growth type and the characteristics of fruit. On the other hand, Sa-Yeup and Chung Yong-Sam Chuck were similar. 5. It was postulated that Sa-Yeup variety was the best in processig because sarcocarp was delicacy, placenta was small, and yield was the most among the varieties used for this study.

원행을묘정리의궤 중 조리면에서 본 죽상 . 미음상 및 현륭원에서의 상차림고

김상보,이성우,한복진 한국식생활문화학회 1989 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.4 No.4

To analyze dialy meal of royal meal, studied Jook Soora Sang (Rice Gruel), Mieum Sang (Thin Gruel) and Bankwa Sang, Soora Sang in Hyun Neung Won were on record Wonheng Ulmyo Jungri Euigwae (1795). Historic book "Jungri Euigwae" described the king's visit to his father's royal tomb "Hyun Neung Won", during the domain of Cheung Jo, the 22nd king of Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Rice Gruel (Jook Soora Sang), taken before breakfast, was arranged the same as the Soora Sang. The table for thin gruel (Mieum) was arranged in three kinds of sets; one for thin gruel, the others for stewed meat (Goem) and sugared fruit (Jeong Kwa). The diet seems to have been quit scientific and restorative. Bankwa Sang and Soora Sang in Hyun Neung Won was arranged the same as the other Bankwa Sang and Soora Sang. Therefore setting the table of royal meal had a rule.

高麗中期의 民族敍事詩 : 東明王篇과 帝王韻紀의 硏究 A Study of old Korean Gests Dong-Myung-Pyun and Je-Wang-Woon-Ki

李佑成 成均館大學校 1962 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Korean literature reaped a precious harvest of two splendid and long epic poems during the one century period from the late 12th to the late 13th century. These are Dong-Myung-Wang-Pyun (東明王篇), the Geste of King Dong-Myung by Yi, Kyu-Bo (1168-1241), and Je-Wang-Woon-Ki (帝王韻紀), the Geste of the Kings by Yi, Sung Hyoo (1224-1300). The Geste of King Dong-Myung clarifies in the opening chapters the remote genealogy of King Dong-Myung, hero and the founder of Koguryo; and in the main chapters, it depicts the King's history from the birth to his great work of foundation; and finally in the closing chapters, his history up to the coronation of King Luri who succeeded to his heroic works and also the impressing comments expressed by the poet. The Geste is written in Chinese poetry, composed of the main part of a little over two hundred and eighty lines and of the descriptive part of four hundred and thirty some lines. Each being a five-word line, the total Chinese word-characters used in the Geste amount to a length of three thousand six hundred (3,600). Je-Wang-Woon-Ki, the Geste of the Kings,(hereafter referred to as simply the Kings), consists of two volumes. The first volume carols the history of the ancient Chinese dynasties, from Bango (盤古) to Kum (金) and in the second volume, the history of Korea. The second volume is of two parts. The first part deals with the rise and fall of the Korean dynasties, starting from Dan-Goon (檀君), the remotes founder of Korea, to the dynasties of Wiman (衛滿), Sagoon (四群), Samhan (三韓) (Three-Kingdoms), Silla (新羅), Koguryo (高句麗), Bekje (百濟), later Koguryo, later Bekje and Balhe (渤海). The first part consists of two hundred and ten (210) seven-word lines, total character-words amounting to one thousand four hundred and sixty. The second part deals with the history of the period from the foundation of Koryo (高麗) down to the reign of King Choongyul (忠烈王) under which the poet lived. The second part is of seven hundred character-words in total, in one hundred and twenty (120) lines, each containing five words. The Geste and The Kings have attracted the attention of the scholar historians, both domestic and foreign, as the historical documents since much earlier days, but it is quite recently that they have come to be considered valuable from the viewpoint of literature. In fatc, they began to be revaluated as "folk epic" when the present author of this thesis published "A Study of the Generation of Yi, Kyu-Bo and Yi, Sung-Hyoo", at Pusan in 1956, and in the following year, Professor Chang, Duk-Soon made his thesis public under the title of "King Dong-Myung, an Epic", which found its place later in his "General Survey of Korean Literature". Quite recently, Professor Yi, Byung-gi presented a new viewpoint, in his "Complete History of Korean Literautre", that the Geste and the Kings are the truthful origin of "Kasa" (歌辭), the ancient folk poetry. About this new theory, however, the author would refrain from mentioning because it has no direct relation with the following thesis of the present author. The present author's interest lies rather in that these two poems in Chinese style should find a position with importance in the system of Korean literature, which has been so far neglected by the Korean literary scholars. A word about the thesis of Professor Chang, Duk-Soon. The thesis is sufficient enough to give the readers a profound understanding of the "Geste of King Dong-Myung" through his structural analysis of the narrative of King Dong-Myung and its detailed comparison with the western getse, which are done in his fluent, rich style. To the regret of the present writer, however, Professor Chang's studies on the Geste ended only in the field of said "analysis" and said "comparison", largely destitute of the due historical background of it. As the result, he ventured to ascribe the motive of the creation to a "nostalgic fidelity" of a Koryo-man to the prceeding Dynasty, Koguryo, and also to determine that the epic poem of the Koryo era was entirely an "accidental eruption of the 13th century". All the literary heritage is the products of the history. We cannot easily be contented by hastily treating our literary heritage. Therefore, the present writer particularly intends to examine the historical background of the Geste to comprehend the position of the poet's subjecthood and furhtermore grasp the true significance of the work from the viewpoint of resuscitated moving history of that age. A rough survey of the dynastic history of Koryo shows us that the Dynasty, since its foundation in 919 A.D., aimed high at expanding its territory towards the North as its state principle. This enterprising spirit of early Koryo had constantly been checked by the powerful suppression on the part of "Kuran"(契丹), and "Yojin"(女眞), two northern races. And without any chance, the Dynasty had to meet the Mongolian Aggression (1231-1256). In this warfare, the regime of "Choi"(崔氏) family ruled Koryo standing siege in KangWha Island. Choi's regime had resisted against the Aggressors thirty, long years before the Dynasty met its total defeat. And the former, the failure of the expansion policy was caused by the corruption and inability of the then ruling aristocracy; and the latter, the defeat at the hands of Mongolians, was brought about by the decrepitude of Royal House, and also by the reactionary bureaucrats who overthrew the Choi regime through treason. In the history of Koryo, however, we should not fail to observe the strong flow of the people's movements. During the period, 1128-1135, people urged the government to transfer the capital to Pyungyang, a border city, to face and suppress the enemy nation, "Kum" (金) (Yojin), and also they advocated that Koryo's King should be retitled as "emperor" like in China, setting up Koryo's own new era, which, till then, had been forbidden by Great China, the powerful dominator. Another incident of the people's movement is seen in heroic resistance against the enemy throughout the Mongolian Aggression. People fought at every part of the country in conjunction with the army, refusing to surrender to the Mongolians till the last. The high spirit and energy of the people had led to the formation of "Sam-Byul-Cho" Army which continued, in isolation from the government, its resistance war for four years until 1273. The 12th and 13th centuries mark the period of great trials suffered by the Korean race. The great spirit of resistance oppressed by the realities inevitably found it way to inwardness, and again was fermented to find its spout in the essence of literature. Yi, Kyu-Bo and Yi, Sung-Hyoo were the writers representing this troubled age, both of whom reached the greatness under favorable care of the Choiregime. They were "Rising Intellectuals" who heralded" New Officials", that is, the class of "Literary Intellectuals" during the second half period of Koryo. They were entirely different in character, from those old aristocrats who had held power during the first half period of the Dynasty. Therefore, these two literary men belonged to the transitional, progressive group of people who later prepared the seed-bed for the new culture. The new culture meant the culture for the people, while the old culture meant the culture forthe aristocrats. No wonder that folk epic such as the Geste and the Kings should be written by these "Rising Intellectuals", and not "accidental" at all. There is no objection in concluding that the Geste and the Kings both are the folk epic. However, we should discern the considerable difference which exists between these two poetical works, either in their subjects or either in their structure. The Geste carols one and single prototype, King Dong-Myung who was the hero of dynastic foundation; while the Kings deals with various, important historical happenings during the entire period from the earliest mythical foundation of the country by "Dangoon" down to the author's age. Here, just for the convenience's sake, the present writer take the liberty of calling the Geste a heroic poem; and the Kings, a history poem, regardless of the fact that a heroic poem and a history poem are essentially the same. Firstly, the writer desires to deal with the Geste laying stress on the following two points: (1) the method of the plot development, and (2) the characteristic of the prototype. In the heroic poem, the development of the plot differs according to the singularity or plurality of the hero prototype. When single, the plot develops towards the direction of the will of the hero; meanwhile, when plural, the plot becomes a succession of human contrasts, and collisions. In the Geste which is a biographic description of a King, the only prototype is King Dong-Myung himself. And the principal actions of the King are narrated in chronological order. However, Yi, Kyu-Bo, the author of the Geste tactfully dealt with the single hero additionally presenting his counterparts to produce a variety in the plot-flow. As the result, contrasts, collision occurs in succession constantly taking a new turn towards a third phase. The plot, therefore, constantly flows breaking the stalmate deadlock. Thus the Geste, which otherwise would have ended by an individuals biography, is heightened up to a realm of heroic poem. In the Geste, the poet succeeded in portraying the character of the hero. The willpower and ambition of the King as a hero are successfully expressed in his escape from Buyo,(扶餘) the capital, and in his founding of a new counrty and a new capital in the South and also in his fight against a neighboring state, "Biru-Kuk"(沸流國). The portrayal of the King's character as hero is vivid and acute in his strategy, violence, cruelty and egotism. The violent hero who exhausts every mean to accomplish his purpose falls easily, like a child, in the arms of his tender mother. Readers of the Geste are struck to find themselves disposed to agree with the hero's strategy, egotism and violence. In this, we are obliged to acknowledge the author's success in sculpturing the fresh, healthy, original humanity of the ancient type. The Geste is a success as a hero poem, but is still insufficient as a folk epic, that is, an epic of the Korean Race. The present writer is of opinion that King Dong-Myung certainly is a hero of a tribe, but not the common patriarch of the entire Korean Race. He is a heroic chief of the tribe of Koguryo which is the predecessor of Koryo "people" since it is evident, in history, that Koryo is the successor of Koguryo. And the author of the Geste so treated the King. In this strict sence, the Geste is, the present writer concludes, more of "heroic poem" than of "history poem". The great task of discovering the common patriarch of the entire race of this land was possible at the hand of Yi, Sung-Hyoo, a little later than Yi, Kyu-Bo's time. Yi, Sung-Hyoo described, with his wider range of view, the total historical activities of the entire Korean Race. In this sence, Je-Wang-Woon-Ki, the Kings is the comprehensive compilation of "folk epic", or perhaps, more properly, of "racial epic", and is characteristic of history poem. The Kings sets in its uttermost beginning Dangoon, as the sole patriarch of the entire Korean race, and clarifies that all the tribal states, which had ever existed in this land covering from northern end to south, are the equal descendants of Dangoon, the Great Patriarch. These tribal states mentioned in the Kings are Shira" (尸羅), "Koye" (高禮), "Ye" (濊), "Mek" (貊), "Buyo" (扶餘) and "Okju" (沃沮). Here, the position of Dangoon far surpasses, in height, that of King Dong-.Myunp. In Sam-Kuk-Sa-Ki (三國史記) (The History of Three-Kingdoms), not a word is mentioned about the racial patriarch. In Sam-Kuk-Yu.-Sa (三國遺事), another old history book, Dangoon is breifly mentioned but his dominion and successors are not intelligibly stated. It is very interesting to find that in the Kings, which was written only ten years later than Sam-Kuk-Yu-Sa, the myth of Dangoon is so surprisingly concrete. The formation of racial consciousness having its base on common Patriarch influenced greatly on the view of history to awaken the various tribes in constant conflict to the sense of homologue. History was no longer regarded by the dynastic unit. A new insight, after the Kings, was given to the view of history that a consistent flow of racial life, regardless of the rises and the falls of dynasties, formed the unending history of the Race. This new consciousness motivated the author of the Kings to begin at the remotest origin of the Race and trace all the way down through to his age, and have a long view towards the future of the race. Thus, the author viewed the complexity of the racial history, the extensiveness of its crosswise comprehension, the remoteness of its lengthwise survey, but he integrated them all in his Kings and reduced them all to Dangoon, the Racial Patriarch. . The Kings, this history poem, is indeed the greatest and the most valuable among all the works including Sam-Kuk-Sa-Ki and Sam-Kuk-Yu-Sa, that have ever been written by the hands of Korean prose writers. The 12th and 13th centuries represented by Yi, Kyu-Bo and Yi, Sung-Hyoo were the golden age of epic poetry in Korea. We regret, however, that this literary trend was not succeeded by their posterity. Epic poem died out with the death of those two poets, which results from the historical reality of Koryo Dynasty. Epic poetry is above all characteristic of collective consciousness rather than individual, for essentially it is a product of collective consciousness. The cosufferings and the co-resistance of the Korean race in the 12th and 13th centuries led the Race to the racial consciousness of common destiny-to the formation of a collective consciousness. Both heroic and history poems were based on this collective consciousness. Unless comes any split in this homologue, collective consciousness can be maintained. However, the historical reality of Koryo was different. The Mongolian invaders were the common enemy of the people of Koryo. Therefore the entire people rose and fought. But the ruling class of Koryo government forsook the people's volition to resist and shamelessly surrendered to the foreign aggressors. The government, even allied with the Mongolian army to destroy its own resisting army and people. By these means, the ruling class once more enjoyed the wealth and power under the grace of the Mongolian Empire; on the other hand, the detressed people suffered under the duplicated tax privations by both Koryo government and Mongolian colonial government. Here, the interests of the government and people were seriously conflicting. A total collapse came in the collective consciousness of the people as a race with common destiny. This tragic collapse, it meant the loss of the base on which was to grow the epic poetry. Thereafter, no epics were ever produced in the literature of Koryo, but its literature took two different flows: the one was Kyong-Ki-Che-Ka (景幾體歌), the literature of the ruling class; and the other, Chang-Ka (長歌) (meaning long ballad), which was the literature of the people. - The End -

정성일의 <오아시스> 비판에 투영된 관점의 가능성과 한계 - 정성일 영화비평에 대한 일고찰 -

박우성 ( Park Woo-sung ),정수완 ( Jung Su-wan ) 국제어문학회 2015 국제어문 Vol.0 No.67

본 연구는 영화비평가 정성일이 <오아시스>(이창동, 2002)에 대해서 쓴 비평문「판타지, 기만적인 환영술」을 비판적으로 분석한다. 그간 한국영화계에서 영화비평은 독립적인 분과로 논의되지 못했다. 산적하는 영화들 안에서 영화적 가치를 발굴해 정리하고 새로운 영화 언어를 대중 언어로 번역하는 것이 영화비평의 역할이라 했을 때 이는 문제가 있다. 영화비평에 대한 그간의 접근은 한국영화사의 맥락에서 특정 영화비평집단을 세대론적으로 조망하거나 특정 개인의 비평 세계를 전기적 관점에서 서술한 것에 머문 한계가 있다. 정성일은 1990년대 한국영화비평의 전성기를 주도했던 한국의 대표적인 영화비평가이다. 호불호가 갈리지만 그의 글은 대중들 사이에서 영화비평이라는 개념이 성립되는 과정에 주요한 이미지를 제공했다. 특히 본 연구가 다루는 정성일의<오아시스> 비판은 논쟁 참여를 전제해 작성된 덕분에 비평담론 자체가 중심에 서있고 무엇보다 정성일의 영화에 대한 태도가 여타의 글에 비해 명확하게 드러나는 특징이 있다. 더구나 그 논쟁은 영화의 윤리, 완성도, 자의식 등을 두고 벌어진 영화비평계 내부의 마지막 논쟁이라는 영화비평사적 의의도 있다. 나아가 영화 한편에 대한 긴 글이기 때문에 한국의 대표적 비평가가 영화를 비평하는 구체적 실천 양상이 현장감 있게 녹아 있기도 하다. 영화를 종교처럼 대한다는 비판이 존재하지만 정성일 영화비평의 경쟁력은 숏의 배치, 장르 문법, 카메라 시선과 같은 영화의 자의식을 정밀하게 분석하는 것에서 나온다. 영화란 무엇인가와 같은 근본적인 질문에 기반을 둔 이런 태도는 영화를 여타의 학문에 종속시킨 종래의 비평 태도와 차별되며 영화를 진지하게 바라보는 태도를 대중화시킨 의의가 있다. 하지만 그것만큼의 오류도 발견된다. <오아시스>를 비판할 때 투영되는 정성일의 관점의 가능성과 한계를 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 한국영화비평의 전성기를 주도했던 한 영화비평가의 개성적 세계관을 비판적으로 조망하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 독립적인 분과로 인식되기는커녕 죽음까지 운운되는 영화비평의 위기 시대에 한국의 대표적 영화비평가의 세계관이 상징적으로 녹아 있는 글을 정밀하게 분석하는 것은 그것 자체로 의미 있다. This study analyzes the critique “Fantasy, deceptive hallucination” which sung-il jung wrote about < Oasis >(Changdong Lee 2002). Film critique has not been recognized and discussed as an independent field in the Korean film industry so far. It can be problematic if the role of film criticism is to get the cinematic values arranged among the pile of films and to translate new cinematographic language into the public language. The approach to the film critique to this point has limitation that in the context of Korean film industry, it viewed certain group of film critics in the perspective of theory of generation and it described certain person`s world of criticism in a biographical way. sung-il Jung is one of the representative film critics in Korea who lead the golden age of Korean film criticism in the 1990s. His writings provided important image in the process of establishing the concept of film critique among the public, even though they are controversial. The Jung`s criticisms this study exclusively deals with are based on the premise of argumentative participation, so the discourse is central and fundamental, and it brings out the cinematic view of Jung precisely compared to the other writings and articles, which is the advantages of this study. Moreover, the argument has significance in the field of film criticism for being the last dispute inside the field of film critique over the morals, degree of completion, and the consciousness of identity. Above and beyond, because this paper is a long writing about a movie, it contains detailed and vivid practical aspect which the representative critic of Korea criticizes the movie. Although there are criticisms of discussing movies like a form of religion, sung-il Jung`s film critique is competitive for detailed and precise analyze of films` sense of identity such as plot of shots, code of genre, and the eyes of cameras. This attitude based on the fundamental questions such as what is film is considered significant for popularizing and promoting earnest attitude toward movies, and is differentiated with the traditional attitudes of criticism which are to subordinate films in the other fields of study. However, due to being so, some errors are discovered. The purpose of this study is to critically outlook a distinctive world view of a film critic who enjoyed the film critique`s prime by concretely describing its possibilities and limitations through revealing Jung`s point of view which is his prerequisite for watching movies. The work of precise analyzing of one of the Korean representative film critics` writings which contains symbolic world view is significant and meaningful by itself in the time of the film criticisms` crisis when the idea of the demise of film criticism is being mentioned, let alone its separation as the independent field.

성장인자 함유매개체로서 탈회된 치근면의 의의

우상효 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1996 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.13 No.-

치주조직 재생에 중요한 역할을 미치는 성장인자의 여러 가지 적용방법 중 탈회된 치근면에 성장인자를 도포시 성장인자 함유매개체로서 탈회된 치근면의 효과와 성자인자의 유리기간을 알아보고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 내원한 환자의 소구치 부위의 정상 치은을 절제하여 치은섬유아세포를 분리, 배양하였고, 중정도의 치주질환에 이환되어 발치된 치아를 철저히 치근활택술을 시행후 시편을 제작하였다. 치근면 처치를 하지 않은 시편을 대조군으로, 구연산과 테트라사이클린으로 탈회시킨 시편을 실험군으로 하여 각 군을 100ng/ml PDGF-BB에 5분간 침수시킨 후 각 시편에 치은섬유아세포를 접종 후 6시간, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 배양하여 각 절편의 단위면적당 부착세포수와 증식세포수를 측정하였다. 또한 탈회된 치근면에서 성장인자의 유리기간을 측정하기 위한 용출액을 이용한 세포배양은 위의 방법으로 시편제작후 치근면 처치를 하지 않고 배양액에 5분간 침수시킨 군과 200ng/ml PDGF-BB에 침수시킨 군을 대조군으로, 테트라사이클린과 구연산으로 치근면 처치후 200ng/ml PDGF-BB에 5분간 침수시킨 군을 실험군으로 하였다. 침수 후 각 시편을 다시 1ml 배양액에 넣고, 1일, 2일, 4일, 6일, 8일째 배양액을 채취하여, 72시간 배양후 증식 세포수를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 세포의 부착, 증식에 관한 실험에서 부착, 증식 모두에서 치근면 탈회후 PDGF-BB 적용군이 치근면 탈회없이 적용시보다 많은 부착과 증식을 보였으며, 모든 군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이(P<0.01)를 보였고, 구연산과 테트라사이클린 상호간 비교에서는 부착과 증식 모두에서 테트라사이클린 처리군이 더 많은 부착과 증식을 보였으며, 통계학적으로 유의한 차이(P<0.01, 0.05)를 보였다. 용출액을 이용한 성장인자 유리기간 측정에서도 탈회후 PDGF-BB 도포한 군의 용출액에서 더 많은 세포증식을 보였고, 통계학적으로 6일째 용출액까지 유의한 차이 (P<0.01, 0.05)를 보였으며, 이의 결과로 미루어 탈회된 치근면에 도포된 PDGF-BB의 유리기간은 6일정도로 생각되며, 역시 탈회 물질 상호간의 비교에서 테트라사이클린으로 치근면 탈회후 PDGF-BB를 도포한 군이 구연산 처리후 PDGF-BB를 도포한 군보다 우수한 효과를 보였다 It is known that growth factors function as potent biologic mediators regulating numbrous activities of wound healing via cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix formation and they also promote periodontal regeneration. But, method of growth factor application is controversial yet. So purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of demineralized root surface as one of method of growth factor application. The ginigival fibroblasts were primary cultured and fifth or sixth subpassages were used in these experiments. In first experiment, root surface blocks demineralized with 100mg/ml tetracycline for 5 minutes and pH 1 citric acid for 3 minutes(experimental groups) and non-deminerilized root surface blocks (control groups) were placed in 100ng/ml PDGF-BB for 5 minutes. Then the cells were seeded on each root surface blocks and cultured for 6, 24, 48, 72 hours. In second experiment, root surface blocks deminerlized with tetracycline and citric acid and non-demineralized root surface blocks were placed in 200ng/ml PDGF-BB for 5 minutes and another non-demineralized root surface blocks were placed in DMEM without PDGF-BB. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 days, the cells were seeded in 24-well plate and using of each eluent, cultured for 72 hours. The results of the four determinants were presented as mean and S.D.. The results were as follows: The attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on root surface were more increased when PDGF-BB was applicated on root surface demineralized with tetracycline or citric acide than non-demineralized root surface. And, in comparision tetracycline with citric acid, there were more attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on root surface demineralized with tetracyclin than citric acid, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on demineralized root surface was increased time dependently 1 day to 3 days. In second experiment using eluent, proliferation of human gingival fibroblast was more increased to 6 days when human gingival fibroblast was cultrured in eluent that PDGF-BB was applicated on demineralized root surface than two control groups, and degree of proliferation was decreased time dependently 1 day to 6 days. Proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on demineralized root surface was increased time dependently 1day to 3day. In second experiment using eluent proliferation was cultured in eluent that PDGF-BB was applicated on demineralized root surface than two control groups, and degree of proliferation was decreased time dependently 1day to 6days. proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cultured in eluent without PDGF-BB was constant 1 day to 6 days. After 6 days, degree of proliferation of human gingival fibroblast was similar in four groups. This means that release duration of PDGF-BB from demineralized root surface is 6 days. And in comparision tetracycline with citric acid, there was more proliferation of human gingival fibroblast in tetracycline-treated group than citric acid. In conclusion, demineralized root surface as primary site for PDGF-BB application, especially demineralized with tetracycline has important roles in attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast, and may be useful clinical applications in periodontal regenerative procedures.

English intonation

우상도 공주교육대학교초등교육연구원 2011 敎育論叢 Vol.48 No.1

본 연구는 초등예비교사의 영어발음교육 중에서 특히 가르치고 배우기 어렵다는 이유로 효과적으로 교육되지 않고 있는 영어 억양의 지도 내용과 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 영어발음교육이 분절음과 초분절음을 균형 있게 다루는 것이 바람직하다는 주장에도 불구하고, 여전히 분절음 지도에 더 치중하는 경향이 있다. 또한 초분절음 교육이 이루어지는 경우에도 단어 강세에 국한되어 문장이나 발화의 억양에 대한 지도는 문장의 문법적 형태와 연관하여 피상적으로 이루어지고 있다. 다양하고 복잡한 영어 억양 현상 중에서 초등예비교사가 영어를 사용하여 영어를 가르치는 과정에서 필요한 중요 억양 형태를 선택하여 효과적이고 체계적인 교육방법을 제안한다. 대부분의 억양교육은 단순히 문장의 끝부분의 현상에 국한해서 상승/하강만을 강조하여 억양이 단지 문장의 끝부분에만 일어나는 것으로 학습자들이 잘못 이해하는 경우가 많다. 억양지도를 효과적으로 하기 위하여 주요 억양 요소, 즉 억양구 단위(생각 단위), 초점어, 억양유형을 단계적으로 제시하여 학습자의 이해를 도울 뿐만 아니라 억양이 문장의 전체에서 일어나는 현상임을 이해하도록 한다. 특히 학습자가 억양 유형을 용이하게 이해하고 자신의 발화에 적용할 수 있도록 상승하강, 상승, 하강상승으로 구분하여, 문법적 형태와의 억양의 관계 및 화자의 의도와 억양의 관계 등을 제시한다. 초등현장에서 영어수업을 영어로 진행하는 변화에 맞추어 초등예비교사의 영어교육에서도 영어구어능력의 중요 요소인 영어 억양 교육에 대한 연구가 실제적 측면에서 이루이지고, 본 연구에서 제시한 지도방법의 효과에 대한 실험연구가 차후 지속되어야 한다. This study proposes a teachable and learnable procedure for the teaching English intonation to primary school pre-service teachers. Primary school teachers need to communicate in English in class to teach English and be a model to students. Teachers should have an intelligible and good pronunciation to conduct their English classes following the TEE guideline of MOE and demands of parents and students. In most English pronunciation classes, intonation has been neglected or avoided for various reasons. The procedure in this paper includes three main intonation features in order: thought groups, focus words, and intonation patterns. First, the concept and function of thought groups are provided for learners to realize the scope of English intonation. Second, the focus word is identified through the unmarked and marked meaning of the utterances. Last, three main intonation patterns selected based on the teachability and learnability are presented in relation to the grammatical structures as a general guideline. It should be emphasized that the general guideline can be overridden by speaker's intended meaning and attitudes. At this stage the use of wider voice range in English intonation is introduced and practiced to help learners to recognize the difference and to use their voice range appropriately. Through the three-step approach to English intonation, primary school pre-service teachers can increase their intelligibility of pronunciation making them use more comprehensible English in the classroom. The experimental study implementing this approach should be followed to verify the procedure.

치자와 소목의 혼합염색에 의한 양모직물의 염색특성

성우경 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.2

On the whole the various medium colors were developed by repeat dyeing with different colorants after dyeing with one colorant in case of natural dyeing. In this study, in order to obtain various colors on wool fabrics with Gardenia and Sappan wood colorants, pre-mordanting and combination dyeing were carried out. Gardenia and Sappan wood used as natural colorants for combination dyeing showed good miscibility in dye bath. Metal compounds containing alum, cop-per and iron were used for pre-mordants. The various medium colors such as yellow-red were obtained according to various metal compounds for pre-mordants and various mixing portion of these natural colorants. The surface reflactance spectra and color characteristics of wool fabrics by mordanting and combination dyeing were investigated.

후두 미세수술 후 발생한 일시적인 설인신경 및 설하신경 장애 1예

정철우,주영민,박성철,최정섭 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.11

AAA에 의한 국제상사중재의 본질과 법적문제

禹盛九,金權洙 慶南大學校 産業經營硏究所 1993 産業經營 Vol.16 No.-

유입 전염병 열대열(Plasmodium falciparum) 1예

우준희,이지윤,최창현,홍성태 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

Recently the prevalence of malaria has been increasing around the world and there is an increasing concern about exogenous malaria in non-endemic areas, We experienced a case of imported malaria(Plasmodium falciparum) in a 37 year-old Koran male. The management with chloroquine was successful and wish to report this unusual case, along with a review of literatures.