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원료콩의 증자조건을 달리한 검정콩 간장의 유리당, 유기산 및 지방산의 변화
권선화,최재훈,고영란,손미예,박석규 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3
콩의 증자조건에 따른 검정콩 전통간장의 숙성 후 유리당, 유기산, 지방산조성을 조사하였다. pH 값은 5.04~5.32로 시험구간의 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 원료 콩을 상압증자한 검정콩 간장이 가압이나 스팀보다는 약간 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 적정산도는 4.26~7.73mL로 나타났으며, 가압증자한 검정콩 간장(4.26~5.61mL)이 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 상압(7.32mL), 스팀(5.99~6.96mL)의 순으로 나타났다. 환원당은 25.18~194.81㎎%로 나타났고, 상압이 25.18㎎%로 가장 낮았으며, 가압이나 스팀증자한 검정콩 간장의 경우 상호간에는 큰 차이가 없지만, 상압한 것보다는 7~8배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 주요 유리당은 glucose, fructose, xylose였으며, 스팀증자한 검정콩 간장이 상압이나 가압보다 각각의 유리당 모두가 많았고, 상압증자는 유리당이 극히 미량으로 검출되었다. 주요 유기산은 succinic acid, oxalicaicd, tartaric aic, malic acid, citric acid였고, 총 유기산은 스팀증자 (40.38~76.96 ㎎%)한 검정콩 간장이 상압(55.85㎎%)이나 가압(27.78~34.21)한 것보다 많았다. 증자 처리시간이 길수로 가압과 스팀으로 처리하여 제도된 검정콩 간장은 약간씩 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(33.28~43.51%), stearic a창(14.15~19.16%), myristic acid(5.03~19.14%)였으며, 전체 지방산 중에 55.97~72.85% 비율을 차지하였고, 원료 콩에 존재하지 myristic acid가 상당히 많이 존재하였다. pH values in all samples were in the range of 5.04 to 5.32. pH of kanjang prepared with normal pressure(HPK) was higher than that of kanjang prepared with high pressure(HPK) and kanjang prepared with steam(SPK). Titratable acidity(TA) in all samples were found to be 4.26∼7.72 mL. TA in HPK(5.99∼6.96 mL) was lower than that in SPK(4.26∼5.61 mL) and NPK(7.32 mL). Reducing sugar(RS) contents in all samples were in the range of 25.48 to 194.81 ㎎%. Rs contents of HPK and SPK were a similar pattern and were higher than that of NPK. Major free sugars(FS) were glucose, fructose and xylose. In total FS, SPK was higher than that of NPK and HPK. Major organic acids(OA) were succinic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid citric acid. OA contents in HPK and SPK were decreased slightly according to the heating time of whole black bean. The highest percentage of fatty acid(FA) in all samples was palmitic acid(33.28∼43.51% as area % of GC chromatogram), followed in a decreasing order by stearic acid(14.15∼19.16%) and myristic acid(5.93∼19.14%). The composition ratios of three FA to total FA ranged from 55.97 to 72.85%. In all samples, there was myristic acid that was not contained in raw soybean.
A Phase-bound Analysis of Allege-type verbs in English
Sun-hee Yae 현대문법학회 2003 현대문법연구 Vol.33 No.-
Allege-class verbs superficially take V-NP-to infinitive complements like Exceptional Case Marking (henceforth, ECM)-, want-, and persuade-type verbs, featuring curious patterns which cannot be included in any of these three verb types. What is curious is that the allege-type verbs allow, as ECM verbs do, the expletive there, pronouns it/him, wh-traces and NP-traces for their infinitival subjects while, unlike ECM-verbs, excluding lexical NPs. The purpose of this article is to highlight the behavioral characteristics of the post-verb NP position of allege-type verbs in light of Chomsky s (1998, 1999) recent phase-bound derivation theory and compare their behaviors, which may be characterized as bizarre, with those of French/Italian ECM verbs.
The Grammaticalization Approach to English “Fear”-derived Lexemes
( Sun Hee Yae ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.56
The aim of this paper is to address English ``fear``-derived lexemes of emotion language from the perspective of grammaticalization. The ``fear``-derived lexemes that concern us are adverbs such as awfully, dreadfully, fearfully, frightfully, hideously, horribly, panically, terribly, and adjectives such as afraid, awesome, dreadful, fearful, frightful, hideous, horrible, panic, scary, terrible, terrific, tremendous. The ``fear``-derived lexemes evolve into RL (Respect Lexeme), EM (Epistemic Modality), and DM (Discourse Marker). In the stage of RL, the ``fear``-derived lexemes are contentful. The stage of EM includes the emphatic marker (intensifier) and the evidential marker. The ``fear``-lexemes also function as the DM such as the exclamative marker, the politeness marker, the mitigator, and the pragmatic hedger. The grammatical development of ``fear``-derived lexemes in English verifies that English ``fear``-expressions provide theoretical implications of human emotion into linguistic conceptualization.
Sun-Hee Yae(예선희) 신영어영문학회 2006 신영어영문학 Vol.35 No.-
How can we determine the word order of the language? Chomsky (1994) proposes that Asymmetric C-Command (ACC) relation among nonterminals can determine the linear ordering, and that PF convergence requires linearization of terminals. In contrast, Cho (2002) argues that Merge and Move of the syntactic computation can decide the linear ordering, and that the word order determined at syntactic computation can be pronounced at PF. Adjunct structures apparently cause some problems in the ACC-based linear ordering. However, The analysis based on SIMPL and pair Merge of Chomsky (2001b) support the ACC-based linear ordering rather than Cho’s argument.
( Yae Sun-hee ) 대한영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.34 No.4
This paper illustrates the corpus-based analysis of substitutive complex prepositions instead of and on behalf of from the perspective of grammaticalization. The derivative path of instead of and on behalf of starts with location denoting nouns stead and half and they have developed into substitutive prepositions encoding replacing of one entity X for another Y. But instead of has undergone more complex course in the process of grammaticalization than on behalf of. Instead of is older in age and shorter in form than on behalf of. This developmental difference between the two prepositions is reflected in the corpus-based analysis of token frequency and collocational pattern. The comparison of solution numbers and syntactic environments will be the evidence that instead of is more general and less formal than on behalf of with the two prepositions constituting layering. (Chungang University)
On the increase of speaker-orientation from modality to mood of "fear"-predicates in English
( Sun Hee Yae ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어연구 Vol.31 No.1
The aim of this paper is to address the increase of speaker-orientation from modality to mood in ‘fear’-predicates of English. ‘Fear’-predicates concerned here are I am afraid~(I’m afraid~) and I fear~, judging from the degree of grammaticalization and the token frequency of corpus data regarding the modal verbs in the subordinate clause. Thefirst person subject ‘I’ in the construction of I am afraid~ (I’m afraid~) and I fear~ signals the speaker-orientation. Modality in this paper is defined in terms of factuality to the proposition, following Narrog (2012, ch. 2). Mood is delineated as a grammatical term for modality. Based on Narrog’s (2010: 394) model, mood forms the upward stage of the grammaticalization of modality. ‘Fear’-predicates in the main clause combined with modal verbs in the subordinate clause constitute composite mood along the line of increased speaker-orientation such as imperative, admonitive, commissive, etc. It is argued that the path from modality to mood is metaphorically mapped across the domains.