FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

분석심리학적 관점에서 본 동의보감의 정신치료

박선영 ( Park Sun Young ),정인모 ( Jung In Mo ),여한구 ( Yeo Han Koo ) 한국정신분석심리상담학회 2022 정신분석심리상담(구 정신역동치료) Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 Jung의 분석심리학적 관점에서 동의보감의 병리와 치료원리를 탐구한 연구이다. 연구 결과, 분석심리학의 핵심 개념인 대극의 원리가 동의보감을 관통하는 기본적인 철학임을 알 수 있고, 동의보감에 나타난 정신치료 원리는 3가지로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째, 정신의 작용은 에너지 균형과 순환을 나타내는 소장평형(消長平衡)의 원리로 모든 우주 만물이 형태나 성격이 바뀔 뿐 에너지는 사라지지 않고 균형을 이루는, 대극의 초월과 합일을 통해 계속 순환하는 만물의 생성과 소멸의 원리이다. 둘째, 정신병리는 대극의 불균형을 극복하려는 물극필반(物極必反)의 원리로 에너지가 한쪽으로 치우쳐 불균형이 심화되면 다시 반대쪽으로 에너지가 기울게 된다는 상호작용의 원리이다. 정신병리는 불균형을 만드는 에너지의 일방성과 에너지의 상호작용의 부재 및 부조화, 들고나는 에너지의 속도 차이에 의해 초래된다. 셋째, 정신치료는 불균형에서 조화와 균형을 회복하는 것이며 치우침 없이 균형을 유지하는 중화(中和)의 원리로 설명한다. 중화는 신체뿐만 아니라 정신의 에너지 불균형을 다루는 정신치료 원리이며, 이는 마음을 다스려 양생(養生)을 돕는 음평양비(陰平陽秘)와 대극의 균형과 합일을 통해 치료적 작용을 돕는 치이권형(治以權衡)으로 구분할 수 있다. 요컨대 동의보감은 정기신(精氣神) 대극(對極)의 상호관계 속에서 신체와 정신이 조화와 균형을 이루고 생리와 병리 및 치료의 원리를 다루고 있으며, 그 치료원리는 분석심리학적 관점의 대극의 합일과 개성화 과정으로 이해할 수 있다. 이를 통해 한의학의 치료에서 분석심리학을 기초로 한 개입 가능성을 살펴볼 수 있었다. The present study reviews the pathology and treatment principles of Donguibogam from the perspective of Jung’s analysis psychology in order to explore psychotherapy principles inherent in Donguibogam. The results indicate that the principle of opposing poles, a core concept of analytical psychology, is in line with Donguibogam. More specifically, three principles of psychotherapy are derived from Donguibogam. First, Sojangpyeonghyeong, a concept of the balance and circulation of energy, describes psychological functioning. Sojangpyeonghyeong, in which all things in the universe change only in forms or characteristics whereas their energy does not disappear but maintains its balance, is a principle of generation and extinction of things that circulate consistently through the unity and transcendence of two opposing poles. Second, Mulgeukpilban, a concept of overcoming the imbalance of opposing poles, accounts for psychopathology. It is a principle of interactions that, if energy is skewed to one side and its imbalance intensifies, the energy is tilted back to the other side. Psychological disorders develop if unilateral tendencies of energy create imbalance and occur from the absence and incongruity of interactions due to the confinement of energy and speed discrepancy in the ebb and flow of energy. Third, psychotherapy restores harmony and balance from imbalance, and is explained through JoongHwa, a concept of maintaining balance without bias. JoongHwa is a principle dealing with psychological as well as physical imbalances. It is categorized into two parts. One is Yinpyeongyangbi that helps protection from psychological disfunction. The other is Chiygwonhyeong, which helps therapeutic action through balance and unity of opposing poles. In summary, Donguibogam deals with the principles of physiology, pathology and treatment where the body and mind are harmonized and balanced in the mutual relationship of the Jung (精), Qi (氣) and Shin (神) polarities. The treatment principle could be interpreted as the unity and individualization of opposing poles from the perspective of analytical psychology. The findings implicate the plausibility of the psychotherapeutic application based on analytical psychology to the interventions of Korean medicine.

셀레나이트로 유도되는 백내장에서 선삼 성분에 따른 백내장 억제효과의 비교 분석

이상목,정문선,정진호,김미금,위원량,박정일,이진학,Sang Mok Lee,MD,Jung Moon Sun,MD,Jin Ho Jeong,MD,Mee Kum Kim,MD,Won Ryang Wee,MD,Jeong Hill Park,PhD,Jin Hak Lee,MD 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

Purpose: To compare the protective effects of saponin and non-saponin Sun-ginseng extract fractions in a selenite-induced rat cataract model. Methods: A total of 101 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were divided into four groups by treatment: Sun-ginseng, saponin fraction, non-saponin fraction, and control. For induction of cataracts, sodium selenite 15 nmol/g was injected subcutaneously in 13 day-old rat pups. Sun-ginseng extract 100 μg/g (Group I, Ginseng Science, Seoul, Korea), saponin fraction 100 μg/g (Group II), non-saponin fraction 100 μg/g (Group III), and phosphate buffered saline (Control group) were injected intraperitoneally every two days for a total of seven injections. The rats were sacrified and their lenses were dissected and photographed at day 7 and 14, and the cataracts were graded according to the ratio of the cataract area to the total lens area. The blind method was used for the evaluation of the cataract area. Results: At day 14, cataract formation rates (CFR) were 33.3% in group I, 76.4% in group II, 41.2% in group III, and 77.7% in the control group. The mean cataract area (MCA) was 13.4±20.8% in group I, 14.4±11.7% in group II, 5.7±7.7% in group III, and 15.8±12.1% in the control group. Group III showed statistically significant results compared with those of control group (CFR p=0.001, MCA p=0.001). We observed significantly lower incidence and smaller mean cataract area in Group I and Group III at day 7 compared with the control group (Group I, CFR p=0.018; Group III, CFR p=0.032, MCA p=0.005). Conclusions: The protective effects of Sun-ginseng extract are caused by the components in the non-saponin fraction, not by those in the saponin fraction, in a selenite-induced cataract rat model. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(5):733-739

유르스나르의 『은자Un homme obscur』에 투영된 만다라

류선정(Sun Jung RYU) 프랑스학회 2016 프랑스학연구 Vol.76 No.-

Cette étude consiste à mettre en lumière la figure du mandala projetée métaphoriquement dans Un homme obscur(1982) par Marguerite Yourcenar, en évoquant son état d’esprit au moment de la rédaction. Pour cette recherche, nous avons examiné en premier lieu la signification et le caractère du mandala dans son paratexte comme son commentaire, son essai, son agenda ou encore sa correspondance traitant du mandala. Cela nous permet de mieux saisir le sens auquel la figure du mandala renvoie dans Un homme obscur, qui est son dernier roman. Un homme obscur, dont l’action se situe dans l'Europe du XVIIe siècle, a paradoxalement rapport à la pensée orientale et surtout à l’idée du mandala. Yourcenar aimait beaucoup voyager mais a vécu en recluse dans une île des États-Unis dès 1971, en raison du cancer de Grace Frick, son compagnon de vie. Elle s'est attelée là-bas à la rédaction d’Un homme obscur, de 1978 à 1981. Durant ce temps suspendu, immobile, elle a également étudié et approfondi la pensée orientale, en s'initiant au yoga et à la méditation. Un homme obscur nous apparaît donc comme une sorte de bilan de ses lectures et ses recherches sur la pensée orientale. Dans son paratexte, la romancière nous éclaire sur sa connaissance du mandala, instrument important pour la pratique tantrique ; elle a pu observer des correspondances entre la théorie du mandala tantrique et certains modes de pensée occidentaux - l’alchimie, la gnose chrétienne, la psychologie, ce «processus d’individuation». Elle a mentionné «le dépassement de la dualité, le Vide, la parfaite plénitude, la totalité, la renaissance spirituelle» comme leurs affinités, en dépit de quelques différences détaillées, saisies dans l'oeuvre de Carl Gustav Jung. Ainsi, la pensée philosophique et littéraire de Yourcenar est syncrétique. Mais d’un point de vue plus rigoureux, elle est «éclectique» plutôt que syncrétique, d’autant qu’elle ne se laisse enfermer dans aucune école ni aucun style, tout en n’en refusant aucun. Ensuite, nous avons éclairé la vision du monde et l’intention narrative de Yourcenar, en analysant la figure et le caractère du mandala dans Un homme obscur. La structure circulaire du roman, le discours entre Nathanaël et Léo Belmonte le savant juif, les images du «cercle», du «centre», de l’«obscurité», de l’«union des contraires», qui apparaissent de façon répétitive dans le roman, impliquent l’idée du mandala. Le mandala, qui signifie «centre et périphérie» du cercle en sanskrit, représente non seulement un «cosmogramme» mais aussi un «psychosmogramme». Le parcours centrifuge du soi vers l’univers et le parcours centripète vers son propre centre pour Nathanaël ressemblent au schéma du mandala. Surtout, le parcours centripète de Nathanaël est significatif, ainsi que le centre immobile qui symbolise le point de départ et de retour de toute émanation, divinité, sacralité, véritable soi, nature intégrale reposant sur l’antithèse, sur la manifestation du vide universel que l'on retrouve dans la théorie du mandala tantrique et la psychologie jungienne. Par ailleurs, l’obscurité joue un rôle moteur pour amener Nathanaël à son propre centre, comme la théorie du mandala et l’alchimie le soulignent également. Nathanaël, devant la mort par la

The Effects of Modified English Text on Reading Comprehension by Korean University Students

Shin, Jung-Sun 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

외국어를 가르칠 때 학습자의 수준에 따라서 외국어 교재를 어떻게 수정(또는 조정)하는 것이 가장 효과적인지에 대한 연구가 최근 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 현재까지의 연구에서 밝혀진 바에 따르면 성인 학습자의 경우 외국어 문장들의 단순화(simplification)보다는 상세화(elaboration)가 학습자의 이해를 더욱 돕는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 어떠한 유형의 수정된 영어 교재가 우리나라 대학생들, 특히 영어 능력이 별로 높지 않은 대학생들의 독해 이해력을 돕는지를 실험을 통하여 알아보았다. 이를 통하여 영어 능력 하위 단계의 성인 학습자에게도 상세화한 영어 입력이 더욱 효과적인지를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 논문의 실험을 위하여 139명의 C 대학교 학생들을 세 집단으로 나누어 각 집단의 영어 능력 검증을 통하여 세 집단의 동질성을 확인하였다. 이후 각각의 집단에게 수정을 가하지 않은 영어 원문, 단순화한 글, 상세화한 글을 제시하여 읽게 한 후 독해 이해력 시험과 이해도에 관한 설문 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 본 실험 대상 집단 중 단순화한 영어 글을 읽은 집단이 독해 이해 시험에서 가장 높은 평균 점수를 보였으며 상세화한 영어 글을 읽은 집단이 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 둘째, 단순화한 영어 글을 읽은 집단 학생들의 경우 추론을 요구하는 문제보다는 글에서 명시된 정보를 확인하거나 종합하는 문제에서 다른 집단보다 좋은 점수를 얻었다. 셋째, 단순화한 글을 읽은 집단이 상세화한 글이나 원문을 읽은 집단보다 글을 더 쉽다고 인식하였으며, 자신들이 비교적 글의 내용을 잘 이해하고 있다고 생각한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 성인 학습자들에게 상세화한 외국어 입력이 더 효과적이라는 기존 연구의 결론을 지지할 수 없었다. 이와는 반대로 본 실험의 대상이 된 하위 단계 학습자들에게는 단순화한 외국어 입력이 보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 상세화한 영어 교재의 경우 원문보다 길이가 길어지고 추가적인 어휘가 늘어나게 되기 때문에 어휘력과 독해 능력이 낮은 하위 단계 학습자들에게 부담을 주었기 때문이라고 추정할 수 있다. 따라서 성인 학습자들의 경우에도 외국어 능력 단계에 따라 알맞은 수정 언어 입력의 형태를 고려하여 가르쳐야 한다고 본다. This study explored what type of English text modification would be most effective for reading comprehension by lower level university learners. 139 university students were divided into three groups and participated in a brief experiment. Each group was tested reading comprehension ability after reading unmodified text, simplified text and elaborated text respectively. The three groups also answered to a comprehensibility judgment questionnaire. The results showed that the students who read the simplified text obtained the best scores in the comprehension ability test. The students who read the elaborated text showed the worst comprehension of the text. In addition, the students who read the simplified text perceived the text easiest whereas the students who read the unmodified version preceived the text hardest in the comprehensibility questionnaire. These results imply that the elaborated input does not always help to promote university students' reading comprehension particularly in the case of lower level learners.

인천 중구 개항장을 위한 공공시설물 디자인 방향에 관한 연구

이정선(Lee, Jung Sun),최명식(Choi, Myoung Sik) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.4

현재 우리나라는 공공디자인에 대한 높은 관심으로 전국적으로 도시환경이 개선되어가고 있다. 서울 자치구 도시디자인 기본계획 수립현황을 보면 현재까지 25개 자치구 중 19개 자치구가 도시디자인 기본계획을 수립완료한 상황이다. 이는 자치구 별로 공공디자인계획을 세워 그 지역만의 아이덴티티를 표현하고자하는 노력으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 보여 지는 현실은 어느 지역을 가더라도 그 지역의 개성은 찾아보기 어려운, 유사한 디자인을 보여주고 있어 오히려 정체성에 혼란을 가중 시키고 있다. 인천광역시 중구, 개항장은 국제적인 관광특구로서 일반 도시가 아닌 ‘관광지’라는 점에서 타 지역과 차별된, 개항장만의 느낌을 살린 공공시설물 디자인을 적용하고자 한다. 지역적 특성이 반영된 디자인, 역사적 공간과 조화되는 디자인, 과거와 현재가 공존하는 디자인, 이라는 3가지 방향을 중심으로 하여 가로등, 플랜터, 멘홀의 디자인을 제안 하였다. 이는 지역의 정체성 확립에 일조할 것으로 기대하며 나아가 대내적으로 지역민에게 만족감을 주고, 대외적으로 지역 경쟁력을 향상시켜 침체된 지역 경제에 활기를 불러일으킬 것이다. Now our country has been after improving the urban environment national wide due to the high interest in public design. When we examine the basic plan establishment of the urban design for Autonomous Districts in Seoul, 19 Autonomous Districts among 25 have already established and finished the basic plan of city design. It means that each Autonomous District already made its own public design plan and tried to express its own regional identity. However, realistically it"s difficult to find its own individuality in any place and each region shows similar design. so this reality causes to be confused about its identity. I"m planning to design the public facilities in the open port in Jung-gu, Incheon, which are distinctive from other regions and have their own expressions in that it is not a general area but a "Special Tourism District". Focusing on such points as reflecting local characteristics and being in harmony with a history of the region where the past and the present coexist, I suggested these particular designs of streetlights, planters and manholes. It is expected to help the region to establish its identity, further, internally provide residents with satisfaction and externally improve its regional competitiveness to reawake the depressed local economy.

[P509] Lichen planus pigmentosus presenting with flexural area

( Young Bin Shin ),( Jeong Won Jo ),( Hae Bong Jeong ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Do Seon Jeong ),( Eui Chang Jung ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.1

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is an uncommon variant of lichen planus that tends to occur in middle-aged individuals with darker pigmented skin. Clinical findings include hyperpigmented, brown to gray-brown macules and patches on sun-exposed areas and, in the rare inversus variant, on the flexural areas and intertriginous zones. The pattern of pigmentation is generally diffuse, although follicular, reticular, and unilateral linear variants have been described. We recently encountered a rare case of LPP developed in flexural area, not in sun-exposed area. A 58-year-old male patient presented with brown macules on the inguinal area for 6 months. One or two dark brown macules first appeared and spread gradually. A physical examination showed multiple, ill-defined, dark brown macules on inguinal area. The dermoscopic finding showed mottled pattern and elevated margin. The incisional biopsy was performed and a diagnosis of LPP was made. The fact that LPP can develop in non-sun-exposed areas as well as sun-exposed ones requires a new hypothesis for the pathogenesis of LPP.

한국어판 정신증상평가척도의 신뢰도와 타당도

정순민,김미경,이정빈,최진환,정봉주,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.3

Objectives : Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) is an assessment tool to measure the seventy of different dimen-sions of auditory hallucinations and delusions. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSYRATS (K-PSYRATS)were examined in Korean patients with major psychosis. Methods : The inter-rater reliability of the K-PSYRATS was determined from the videotaped interviews of the five Schizoph-renic patients. To measure validity and internal consistency reliability, the 109 patients with auditory hallucinations or delusions were assessed using the K-PSYRATS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Se-verity (CGI-S) scale. Results : K-PSYRATS was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient of auditory haliu-cination=0.81, P<.001, intm-class correlation coefficient ofde1usion=0.97, P<.001) and internal consistency reliability (Cron-bach's a of auditory hallucination =0.77, Cronbach's α of delusion =0.76). Significant correlation was found between K-PSY-RATS and positive syndrome subscale of PANSS and CGI. Conclusion : K-PSYRATS is a useful assessment instrument for psychotic symptoms in Korea.

Estimation and Comparison of Cortical Thickness Index and Canal‑to‑Calcar Ratio Using Manual Method and Deep Learning Method

Sun‑Jung Yoon,Minwoo Kim,Il‑Seok Oh,Kyungho Kim,한갑수 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

Manual calculation of the cortical thickness index (CI) and canal-to-calcar ratio (CC) using radiographs has been widely used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diference between manual gold standard and automatic calculation based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) of the proximal femur. We obtained institutional review board approval to utilize previous radiographs for the study and the radiograph images were used to train CNN architecture. The calculation experiment of a dataset of 136 images of the proximal femur to estimate CI and CC was performed using a trained CNN architecture (Automatic). Also, manual segmentation method (Manual) to calculate CI and CC was conducted using the standard protocol by two experts as a reference for the results comparison. The mean values of the Manual and Automatic calculation of CI for the proximal femur were 0.56 and 0.54, respectively, showing a statistically signifcant diference (p=0.035). Signifcant diference (p<0.001) was also seen in the calculation of CC by Manual and Automatic method resulting in 0.42 and 0.47, respectively. In addition, the automatic method showed far better results in terms of calculation speed (less than 30 s per single image). Therefore, we suggest that the manual method be carefully considered while planning a surgery.