간단한 인증키 동의 프로토콜인 Kim-Kim-Hwang 방법의 안전성 고찰

김윤정;김영신;황준 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2004 정보기술논문지 Vol.2 No.-

The Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange scheme can produce a common session key between the two communicators, but its problem is that it makes a man-in-the middle attack possible. To solve problems like these, several protocols have been put forward, and the Simple Authenticated Key Agreement (SAKA) Protocol is among them. Seo-Sweeney suggested a SAKA protocol initially and the protocol has weakness that a malicious 3rd party can masquerade a valid user. Tseng suggested another protocol that advances this problem but this protocol can still be attacked when the messages in key verification phase are identical. Ku-Wang suggested a new protocol that advances this problem. Kim-Kim-Hwang also suggested a new SAKA protocol and confirmed that their protocol has same safeness and better performance compared to the other SAKA protocols. In this paper, we reanalyze the safeness of SAKA protocols and find out that Kim-Kim-Hwang protocol has not only better performance but also better safeness. Diffie-Hellman의 키 인증 기법에 대한 제 3자 공격 (man-in-the middle attack)에 강한 간단한 인증키 동의 프로토콜인 SAKA (Simple Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol)가 제안된 바 있다. SAKA는 초기에 Seo-Sweeney에 의해 제안되었으며 이 방법은 침입자가 중간에 메시지를 가로채서 정당한 사용자임을 가장할 수 있는 단점이 있다. Tseng은 이 단점을 개선한 방안을 제안하였는데 이것도 키 확인 메시지 두 개의 값이 같을 경우 공격을 받을 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. Ku-Wang은 Tseng 방법의 문제점을 개선한 알고리즘을 제안하였다 그리고 Kim-Kim-Hwang은 새로운 SAKA 알고리즘을 제안하고 이것이 기존 SAKA 프로토콜들과 안전성은 동일하면서도 성능이 개선된 것임을 밝힌바 있다. 본 논문에서는 안전성 분석의 재고찰을 통하여, Kim-Kim-Hwang의 방법이 기존 SAKA 프로토콜들보다 성능면에서뿐만 아니라, 안전성 면에서도 우수함을 밝힌다.

도시고속도로 접속 교차로 운영개선효과

김갑수,신판식 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.1

대부분의 대도시에서 있는 도시고속도로의 가장 중요한 기능은 이동성이다. 그러나, 대구광역시 도심에 위치한 신천고속화도로의 교통흐름은 주변 간선도로의 교통과 불완전 입체교차형태로 이루어져 있어, 그 처리 방식에 따라 병목현상을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구는 신천고속화도로와 접속되는 접속교차로의 운용방법을 각각의 대안으로 나누어 분석하였다. 대안 설정은 접속 교차로에서의 좌회전 현시 유무에 의해서 좌회전 없음 (대안 Ⅰ), 신천대로 상에 좌회전 (대안 Ⅱ), 대동로 상에 좌회전 (대안 Ⅲ)으로 나누었다. 분석은 각 대안별로 신천대로 Weaving 구간에서의 주행속도 변화, 인접교차로의 U-Turn 구간 V/C비 변화, 접속교차로의 평균정지지체시간 변화, 차량의 주행비용변화에 초점을 두고 실시하였다. 분석결과 대안 Ⅲ이 가장 좋은 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The most important function of the urban expressway is a mobility in most cities. However, traffic flows of Sin-Chun Urban Expressway in Tae-gu is deeply affected by its intersection-type and traffic situation of crossing arterial roads. For instance, bottleneck in Sin-Chun Urban Expressway is affected by these two reasons. This study analyzed the effectiveness of the operational methods of intersection divided into three alternatives on the Sin-Chun Urban Expressway. The alternatives are made upon the existence of left-turn phase : left-turn prohibition by the existence and the non-existence of left-turn phase on cross street (Ⅰ), left-turn on Sin-Chun Dae-Ro (Ⅱ), and left-turn on Dae-Dong arterial road (Ⅲ), respectively. Each alternatives was analyzed according to the change of Running Speed in weaving area, the change of V/C ratio in U-Turn area, the change of Average Stopped-Time Delay in cross street and the change of vehicle operating cost. The results of the analyses showed that the third alternative was most efficient than the other alternatives.

김영삼 정권기 한국 자본주의국가의 분열: 재벌개혁을 중심으로

김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ),유신희 ( Sin Hui Yoo ) 한양대학교 제3섹터연구소 2013 시민사회와 NGO Vol.11 No.1

이 글에서는 한국 사회의 다양한 갈등이 급격하게 분출되었던 김영삼 정권기를 자본주의국가론의 관점에서, 특히 풀란차스의 국가론을 적용하여 분석한다. 민주화를 통해 권위주의 국가가 붕괴되면서 재벌 독점자본의 한국 사회에 대한 헤게모니가 위협받게 된다. 이 상황에서 집권한 김영삼 및 민주계는 중소자본가계급을 위시로 하여 도시중산층 등을 대표하는 세력으로서, 비록 3당합당을 통해 권위주의 세력과 제휴 했지만 계급대표성에 있어서 독점자본을 대표하는 권위주의 세력과는 본질적인 차이를 지닌다. 따라서 김영삼 정권기의 재벌개혁을 중소자본과 독점자본의 계급투쟁이라는 관점에 입각하여 분석할 수 있다. 이에 따라 본고에서는 김영삼 정권기의 정치적·경제적·이데올로기적 층위의 구조와 실천을 파악한 뒤, 이와 같은 정치사회와 시민사회에서의 계급실천이 국가기구 내에 어떻게 반영되었는가를 살펴보도록 한다. This paper will provide a theoretical framework of emerging class struggle of Korean society during the Kim Young-Sam regime by using capitalist state theory of Greek philosopher Nicos Poulantzas. Having democratization the hegemony of Chaebol was exposed to popular resist. In return, Kim`s government tried to reconfigure a fundamental economic structure through so-called Chaebol reform. Although Min-ja party was formed, there still remained three different factions. Elected president Kim as his supporting partisans, the Min-chu faction(of democratic liberal party) which were advocates of small and medium sized capitalist classes, were in essential antagonism with another faction of their party, Min-chung, representing the monopolistic capitalist classes. Thus the reform of Chaebul could be construed as class struggle between small and medium sized business and monopolistic capital. Consequently, the state apparatus reflected the class struggle which exists simultaneously in political and civil society.

開化派의 分化와 範疇問題

金信在 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

South Korea historians have different views with North korea historians about the catagory of enlightenment party. Besides, even between South Korea historians, they have different historial views among themselves. Therefore, I wanted to summarize the concept of enlightenment thought from several hitorian' s research papers, and examine the divergency and catagology of the enlightenment party. In a narrow sense, The thought of "eastern ways, western machines" is excluded from the concept of enlightenment thought. It includes only "changed enlightenment thought". However, in a wide sense. The thought of "eastern ways, western machines" is included in the concept of enlightenment thought, and it appears in the beginning, and was developed into "changed enlightenment thought". In my opinion, enlightenment thought should include both, but should be classified into two groups depending on the development stages. Generally, enlightenmenton party is grouped into two groups. A group includes Kim Ok-kyun, Pak Yong-hyo, and B group includes Kim Yun-sik, Kim Hong-jip. Some people think that only A group is real enlightenment party. The others think it should include both. However, a problem is "reformed enlightenment party" is also excluded in the party in the narrow catagory. Therefore, there's some problem if "reformed enlightenment party" is completely excluded from the catagory of enlightenment party. It means they apply the concept in a too narrow history catagory. I insist the catagory of enlightenment party should be defined in a wider concept, and comprehend the minor differences, and enlightenment party should include both "reformed enlightenment party" and "changed enlightenment party".

비침습적 검사를 이용한 수술후 하지 심부 정맥 혈전증의 감시

김영욱,정한준,윤봉호,김신윤,이상국,변경환,김태헌 경북대학교 병원 1997 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Deep vein thrombosis is recognized as a common complication in surgical patients in western countries especially in patients with high risk factors. The purposes of this study were to detect leg DVTs in early postoperative period by non-invasive surveillance and to analyze the risk factors of DVT. One hundred seventy one patients who underwent major operations(67 curative resection of colorectal cancer, 64 total hip replacement, 38 femur operation for fracture, and 2 colon resections for benign colon disease) were included for the prospective surveillance of leg DVT within 2 weeks after the operations. For the surveillance of leg DVT, strain gauge plethysmography(SPG) and Duplex scanning of both legs were completed for all patients except 10 patients. These 10 patients were examined in only one leg. The patients with past history of leg DVT or under prophylactic anticoagulant therapy were excluded from this study. To determine the risk factors related with leg DVT formation, age and sex of the patients, indication of surgery or surgical procedures, duration of operation, position during the operation, duration of postoperative immobilization, and preoperative serum level of antithrombin III (AT- III) were analyzed using Chi-square test. After performing SPG of 342 legs, 38 legs, showed abnormal on venous outflow/venous capacitance discriminant line chart, and 13 legs of 12 patients showed the finding(s) suggesting DVT on duplex scanning. Among the patients with abnormal duplex findings, 7 limbs(53.8%) were symptomatic, but the remaining 6 legs were silent. In 6 (15.8%) patients of 36 femur operations, 3(4.7%) of 64 total hip replacements and 3(4.5%) of 67 curative resections of colorectal cancer developed DVT by duplex scanning in the iliac(5), femoral-popliteal(6), and isolated calf(2) veins. After analyzing the risk factors, we could not find any statistically significant(p<0.05) factor related with leg DVT.

The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

Kim, Hyun Young,Sin, Seung Mi,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Kye Man,Cho, Eun Ju The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.1

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

청각장애자 운동지도를 위한 프로그램 고찰

김정수,박정래,노일환,원충희,김흥식,강신일,박찬홍,김달영,이철원,이찬규 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1987 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.1

Hearing impairement in varying degrees constitutes one of the most common disabilites affecting school aged children. Eight out of every 1,000 students under the age of twenty have significant hearing loss. Hearing disabilities range from slight to total loss of sound perception. Statistics indicate that only one out of every ten hearing impaired children will become deaf. Most motor activities can be included students may possess low levels of static and/ or dynamic balance, but the greatest majority possess normal motor and physical capabilities. All the hearing impaired youngsters should be properly assessed and given the identical testing batteries as normal children. Hearing impaired students have, essentialy, a communication handicap and suffer from inability to understand verbal instructions. All physical educators should be able to use minimal finger spelling and signing for hearing impaired students.

여대생의 결혼관에 관한 연구

강신미,김욱련,김이화,김현주,백은주 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1985 家政大論集 Vol.4 No.-

In these days, Korea has undergone various changes in every social aspect throughthe process of modernization. Especially in instituional and actual aspects, the family.and marriage have been changed greatly by the rapid urbanization and iudustrializatton,.and these changes have been investigated scientifically. This paper presents marital consciousness and actual behavior of 300 woman collegestudents in Daegu, and was surveyed comparing various parts-the humanities, natural·science and the arts. As for the basic attitude of marriage, they were positive in the need of marriage,,defined marriage as the second starting point of life. Also they put the aim of marriage,on mental value. As for the dating and purity before marriage, 84 percent of respondents assented tothe dating before marriage. And they thought it proper that the duration of datingwas one year to two years. The age of the first dating and the standard of sex moralstore significant. The part of the arts tended to be open, and the part of natural sciencewere conservative. As for the standard of spouse's choice, 84 percent of respondents wanted to have theright of priority they could choose their spouses for themselves. And they thought it·proper that the age of marriage was 25-year-old to 26-year-old, and the gap of maritalage was one year to three years. Ideal spouse's characteristic, home surroundings, and marital harmony were significant. Among various marital conditions, personality tended to to emphasized, and theatmosphere of family and masculine appearance were taken serious. As for a. spouses's job, professor or research occupation was popular. Compared withthe part of the arts, the part of the humanities and natural science were positive inpredicting marital harmony. Among various marital conditions, an only son, the eldest son, and an offspring ofa concubine tended to be evaded. The type of an ideal spouse was companionship.

정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구

이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.

The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

Hyun Young Kim,Seung Mi Sin,Sanghyun Lee,Kye Man Cho,Eun Ju Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.1

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-PK₁ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and 500 ㎍/mL, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (ㆍOH). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-PK₁ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion (O₂^-). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and O₂^-, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-PK₁ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by ONOO^-. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.