백서 심근경색모델에서 시간경과와 경색의 크기에 따른 심자도의 변화

김미성(Mi Sung Kim),박영선(Young Sun Park),권순길(Sun Gil Kwon),지정훈(Jeong Hoon Ji),신종성(Jong Sung Shin),오광식(Kwang Sik Oh),양용모(Yong Mo Yang),연태진(Tae Jin Youn),김동운(Dong Woon Kim),조명찬(Myeong Chan Cho),이용호(Yong Ho 대한내과학회 2002 대한내과학회지 Vol.62 No.1

N/A Background: Magnetocardiogram (MCG), which records the changes of magnetic fields generated by the heart`s electrical activity, theoritically can provide unique data for clinical application. To date, MCG has been investigated only at a single time point after myocardial infarction (MI) with severe left ventricular dysfunction in rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate sequential changes of MCG after MI and to evaluate effects of infarct size on MCG. Methods: Acute MI were induced by the permanent ligation of left coronary artery in 22 rats. Magnetic fields were recorded just above a rat with Nb Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) gradiometer inside a magnetically shielded room. MCG was measured before and immediately after surgery and it was subsequently recorded at the time points of 1, 4 and 6 hours post operatively. MCG was also measured at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after surgery. Results: Elevation of ST segment and appearance of pathological Q wave on the MCG were evident immediately after the ligation of coronary artery and persisted to 6 hours after MI. On MCG, ST segment was depressed and T wave was inverted from 1 day after MI. In rats with small-and moderate- sized MI (infarct size〈30%), ST depression returned to near the isoelectric level and Q wave disappeared from 7 days after MI. However, ST depression and Q wave were still present in rats with larger infarct (infarct size≥30%). Conclusion: Evolutional changes of MCG were well-recognized up to 21 days after MI. Furthermore, the infarct size can be expressed by the extent of Q wave and ST segment depression on MCG. Taken together, these data indicate that MCG is a helpful modality for the diagnosis, evaluation of infarct size and follow up after MI.(Korean J Med 62:42-48, 2002)

주거공간 개조행위의 영향 요인에 관한 연구 : 중부지방 소도시 단독주택을 중심으로 Focused on The Detached Houses in the Small Cities of Central Region of Korea

신동규,김미섭 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the varying characteristic factors that are influenced on housing remodeling behaviors(maintenance, improvement, alteration). The sample is 185 households in Chung-ju, Je-chon, and Won-ju Which are small cities in the central region of Korea. The results of the research are follows: Firstly, Remodeling behaviors are more related to the housing and sociocultural characteristics than the family characteristics. Family characteristics are only related to space alteration, and its extent of effect that influences the frequency of remodeling behavior is weak. Secondly, Residential satisfaction is statistically significant in maintenance and improvement behavior, and it was appeared that both of two behaviors occurs much in the house of low residential satisfaction. Neighborhood satisfaction related to maintenance behaviors, it was occurs more frequently in the residents who have highest and lowest neighborhood satisfaction. Thirdly, The relation of constraint factor felt by residents upon remodeling behavior is statistically significant only in improvement behavior. Family group that feels constraint in external factors shows the high frequency of improvement behavior, while family group that feels constraint in family internal factors shows the low frequency of improvement behavior.

2차원 스토커 소각론의 SNCR 탈질기술개발에 대한 수치해석

신미수,유승민,유재관,장동순,김동찬 충남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

In this study was the stoker incinerator system with SNCR(Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction). While this system was favored with the view of the possibility of the reducing waste volume and recovery of waste heat, it also has a disadvantage, that is, the need for the second to treat dust, HCl, CO, etc. So far, even though a great deal of research had been done, the study on heat-flow analysis with reduction model and NO reduction with SNCR had not been investigated enough. The temperature distribution in the system and excess amount of oxygen influence the efficiency of NO reduction, resolution in the production, resolution in the production of NO at 1700K and the temperature range of 1200-1250K when the highest NOx reduction efficiency occurred. Hence, this study was focused to flow mixing pattern and NOx reduction efficiency as the flue gas velocity, NH3 injection velocity, particle size and particle density.

2007 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 과학 교과서 분석

신미순, 나재준, 국동식 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.27 No.1

본문 참고

Farnesol의 合成

申東守,安志英,金美羅 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

5-Bromo-methypent-2-ene(??)를 출발물질로하여 farnesol인(2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-trien-1-ol(??)의 입체선택적 합성을 수행하였다. 5-Bomo-2-methylpent-2-ene (??)을 요오드화 시킨후, 5-lithio-2, 3-dihydrofuran과 반응시켜 5-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-2, 3-dihydrofuran(??)을 얻었다. Dihydrofuran ??를 MeMgI와 Ni(0)-촉매 짝지음 반응시켜 (3E)-4, 8-dimethylnona-3, 7-dien-1-ol(??)을 72%의 수율로 얻었다. 알릴알코올 ??를 4단계를 거쳐 (5E)-6, 10-dimethylundeca-5, 9-dien-2-One(??)으로 변환시켰다. 화합물 ??을 벤젠 용매하에서 dimethylmethoxycarbonylmethylphosphonate와 반응시킨 다음, 에탄올 용매하에서 NaBH₄ 환원시켜서 (2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10- trien- 1- ol(??)을 얻었다. Dihydrofuran 4와 MeMgI와의 Ni(0)-촉매 짝지음반웅이 본 연구의 farnsol(??)와 합성에서 중요 단계이다. Stereoselective synthesis of farnesol (2E, 6E) -3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-tiren-1-o1 (?) , was carried out using 5- bromo-2-methylpent-2-ene (??) as a starting material. After conversion of 5-bromo-2-methyl-pent-2-ene (2) to the corresponding iodide compound, 5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-2, 3-dihydrofuran(??) was obtained by alkylation of 5-lithio-2, 3-dihydrofuran with 5-iodo-2-methylpent-2-ene. Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of the dihydrofuran ?? with MeMgI was proceeded to give (3E)-4, 8-dimethylnona-3, 7-dien-1-ol(??) in 72% yield. The resultant homoallylic alcohol ?? was converted to the (5E)-6, 10-dimethylundeca-5, 9-dien-2-one (??) in 4 steps. Compound 8 was condensed with dimethylmethoxycarbnylmethylphosponate in benzene followed by NaBH₄reduction in EtOH to yield (2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11 -trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-trien-1-ol(??), Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of MeMgI with dihydrofuran ?? was a key step in this synthesis of farnesol(??).

오존처리시 부식산의 흡광도 및 총유기탄소량 변화에 관한 연구

신성희,김계월,한미덕,이동석 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Experiments were performed to evaluate UV/VIS absorbance and TOC of humic acid solutions which were ozonated at different pH values. The optimum conditions for ozonation of humic acid from this study are pH 9 (buffered) and 0.84(H?O?/HA, w/w) for H?O? dosage.

카드뮴이 인간 단핵구 세포주(THP-1)에서 cytokine 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

신동훈,박관규,강미정,서석권,정인성,양선희 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Cadmium, a potent toxic metal, posses a serious environmental threat but the mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. Also, cadmium is a known immunotoxic agent in animal studies and induces pathophysiological effects by modulating components of immune system. Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of normal and pathologic immune response. Cells of mononuclear phagocytic system are strategically located at portals of entry in humans and therefore may be particularly at risk for cadmium exposure through contaminated air, food, and drinking water. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cadmium cytotoxicity for the monocyte and expression of cytokine gene in the control and cadmium treated human monocytic cell lines using RT-PCR method. The results showed that cadmium inhibited cell proliferation at 0.1mM cadimium treated cells for 24 hours. The TNF-α mRNA was expressed in both control and cadmium treated cells but not IL-6 and IL-1β. The mRNA levels of TNF-αwere examined during 24 hours culture period, at different time points. The expression of TNF-αmRNA increased in both 0.01mM and 0.1mM cadmium treated cells, but did not show dose-response relationship. According to cadimium treated duration, expression of TNF-αmRNA was more decreased in 24 hours than 6 hours. The decreased levels of mRNA of TNF-α suggest that cadmium suppresses its production at the transcription level.

파라캇에 의한 대뇌 피질 손상 : 증례 보고

안미영,신동익,이형석,백신혜,이성현,이상수 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2010 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

Paraquat is widely used as a universal herbicide. Paraquat induces brain damage in case of fatal poisoning. It is well documented that paraquat exposure is associated with Parkinson's disease. However, many reports suggest paraquat is not selective for the dopaminergic nigro-strial system. Preferably, there are reports that cortical neurons were found to be more sensitive to paraquat. A39-year-old woman committed suicide by drinking 20 ml of a 20% solution of Paraquat. After 5 days, she had a convulsive seizure and lost consciousness. Brain MRI showed diffuse cerebral cortical edema of bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. She died 2 days after progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we report a patient with paraquat induced cortical lesion. 파라캇은 세계적으로 널리 쓰이는 제초제이다. 파라캇은 중독되었을 경우 뇌손상을 일으키기도 한다. 파라캇과 파킨슨병과의 관련성은 비교적 잘 알려져 있다. 하지만, 파라캇이 도파민 줄무늬흑체 계통(dopaminergic nifro-striatal system)에 선택적이지 않다는 많은 보고들이 있다. 오히려, 대뇌피질이 파라캇 중독에 더욱 민감하다는 일부 보고들도 있다. 39세 여자환자가 자살할 목적으로 20% 농도의 파라캇 20 ml를 마시고 본원에 내원하였다. 환자는 입원 5일째 갑자기 전신 발작 증상과 함께 의식 저하 소견을 보였다. 다음날 시행한 뇌자기공명영상 촬영상 양쪽 측두엽과 전두엽에 대칭성 세포 도겅부종 소견을 보이고 있었다. 그녀는 2일 후 폐섬유화증에 의한 호흡부전으로 사망하였다. 저자들은 파라캇 중독 환자에서 대뇌 피질 손상을 확인한 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

국내 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 투여한 Amphotericin B deoxycholate와 Itraconazole 주사제의 비용-확인분석 : 예비보고

이동건,송영구,유진홍,최수미,최정현,박선희,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 진균감염이 점차 증가되고 있고 이를 치료하기 위한 비용 역시 증가하고 있지만 국내에서는 비용분석에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV)혹은 정맥내 itraconazole (ITZA)을 투여할 때의 약물경제학적 측면을 후향적으로 비교해보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 같은 반응률을 보인다고 가정한 비용-확인분석 모델을 이용하여 가톨릭대학교 조혈모세포이식센터에서 혈액종양으로 항암치료 혹은 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 항진균제 투여에 대한 정보는 기존에 출판된 논문 및 학회 심포지움자료를 참고하였고, 논문에서 얻지 못한 정보는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원 의무기록실, 정보지원팀, 진료비관리팀의 협조를 받아 2003년 6월 1일부터 11월 30일까지의 자료를 분석하였다. ITZA에 대한 자료는 2003년 11월 제한적으로 1차 약제로 사용할 수 있게 되었던 때의 자료와 경험을 참조하였다. 결과 : 320명의 환자 중 149명(46.5%)에서 경험적 항진균제를 사용하였고 평균 투여일수는 ABV 17.0일, ITZA 9.8일이었다. 이상반응 발현율은 ABV 54%, ITZA 5%였다. ABV 투여환자 중 11명 (7.4%)에서 혈액투석을 평균 6.5일간 시행하였다. ITZA 투여시 간독성으로 혈장분리반출술, 인공간 등이 필요한 경우는 없었다. 경험적 항진균제를 ABV로 시작한 군(ABV군)은 1인당 1,229,495원, ITZA로 시작한 군(ITZA군)은 1인당 1,434,605원이 소요되어 ITZA군에서 205,110원 (16.7%)이 더 소요되었다. 평균 16일간 항진균제를 사용하여 1일 12,819.4원의 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 비용-확인 분석법에서 ITZA군이 ABV군 비해 하루 12,819.4원의 비용이 더 소요되었다. 비록 ITZA군에서 비용이 더 들었지만 1일 약가차이인 4.7배와 비교하여 많이 감소하여 항진균제의 비용을 1일 약가로 비교하는 것보다는 재원일수, 이상반응 발현율 등을 고려하는 총입원비용으로 약물경제학을 비교하는 것이 더 합당할 것으로 사료된다. 그 외에 환자의 예후, 삶의 질, 사회적 간접비용 등을 고려하는 전체적인 약물경제학을 비교하는 잘 계획된 전향적 연구가 추가로 필요하겠다. Background : The increasing incidence of systemic fungal infections and the rising medical cost have focused the need to determine the economic issues of antifungal agents. Nevertheless there have been only few reports about the cost analysis in Korea. We retrospectively investigated to compare the pharmacoeconomic aspects of amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV) with those of intravenous itraconazole (ITZA) in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Materials and Methods : Through the cost-identification analysis model, on the presumption that two groups would show identical response, we collected data of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy in Catholic HSCT center from Jun 1, 2003 to Nov 30, 2003. The literatures about information on antifungal therapy were extensively reviewed. Other unpublished information was provided by information assistant team, cost management team, and medical record unit in the same hospital. Results : Empirical antifungals were given to 149 out of 320 patients (46.5%). The average duration of administration were 17.0 days for ABV and 9.8 days for ITZA. The rates of adverse events were 54% and 5% for ABV and ITZA, respectively. Eleven (7.4%) patients given ABV received hemodialysis for 6.5 days in average. Among patients given ITZA, none developed hepatotoxicity requiring plasmapheresis or artificial liver. It cost 1,229,495 won/patient for the ABV group (starting ABV as empirical antifungal agent) and 1,434,605 won/patient for the ITZA group (starting ITZA as empirical antifungal agent) which was 16.7% more expensive than ABV group. When we compare the average daily cost for 16 days, the ITZA group spent 12,819.4 won/patient/day more than the ABV group. Conclusion : The cost-identification model in this study revealed that ITZA group cost more than ABV group. However, the difference in expense decreased when 1 day-cost was compared (4.7 times greater than ABV). It would be more reasonable to consider the total cost of anti-fungals during the hospitalization rather than 1 day cost in considering pharmacoeconomics. Well designed prospective study considering prognosis of patients, quality of life, and indirect social cost should be warranted.

2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델을 이용한 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 임상균주에 대한 Panipenem의 효과

이동건,전혜선,최수미,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.4

목적 : Panipenem은 일본에서 개발된 카바페넴계 항생제로 광범위한 항균력을 나타낸다고 보고되고 있지만 P. aeruginosa에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 본 연구에서는 임상에서 분리된 P. aeruginosa 균주를 대상으로 사람의 약역학을 모의할 수 있는 시험관내 역동 모델을 이용하여 panipenem (PAPM)과 imipenem (IMPM)의 효과를 비교하고 Muller-Hinton broth (MHB)와 basic amino acid 함량이 적은 배지(Minimum Broth Davis, MBD)에 효과의 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 혈액에서 분리된 P. aeruginosa SGP14 균주를 대상으로 하였다. 사람의 약동학을 모의할 수 있는 2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델(two-compartment model)을 제작하였고, 세균이 peripheral compartment에서 반감기에 따라 농도가 변하고 있는 항생제에 노출되고, 접종한 세균의 수는 희석되지 않게 하였다. PAPM과 IMPM의 용량은 500mg씩 하루 2회를 모의하도록 하였고 2일간 실험하였다. Panipenem, imipenem의 반감기는 사람의 약역학과 같이 10시간에 맞추었다. 항생제 투여 간격은 panipenem, imipenem 모두 12시간으로 하였고 각 항생제의 최고 및 최저농도는 사람에 투여했을 때의 혈중농도에 맞추었다(panipenem 각각 45.6, 0 ug/mL, imipenem 각각 33.0, 0 ug/mL). 배지는 MHB와 MBD를 사용하였고 4군으로 나누어 실험하였다. [PAPM (MHB), PAPM (MBD), IMPM (MHB), IMPM (MBD)] peripheral compartment에서 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48시간에 맞춰 샘플을 하였고 집락수 (cfu/mL)를 측정하였다. 결과 : SGP14에 대한 PMPM, IMPM의 MIC는 각각 64, 2 ug/mL이었다. PAPM (MHB)는 2시간이 지나면서 다시 자라기 시작하여 32시간째부터는 항생제를 사용하지 않은 대조군과 같은 곡선을 보였다. 12시간까지의 집락수 변화는 4가지 실험군에서 군간 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았지만(P=0073) 군내의 PAPM (MHB)가 PAPM(MBD), IMPM (MBD)와 비교하여 집락수 변화가 유의하게 작았다. 또한 48시간까지의 집락수 변화는 PAPM(MBD)이 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 IMPM (MHB), IMPM(MBD)였으며, PAPM(MHB) 순이었다(P=000). 48시간까지 집락수 변화는 IMPM (MHB)와 IMPM (MBD)사이에 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 사람의 혈청내 basic amino acid 농도와 PAPM의 농도를 모의하도록 한 2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델에서 PAPM은 IMPM과 비교하여 P. aeruginosa에 대해 비슷하거나(12시간째) 더 나은 살균력을 보였다(48시간째). 추후 본 실험의 결과와 실제 임상에서의 P. aeruginosa에 대한 panipenem의 효과를 비교해보는 것이 필요하겠다. Background : Panipenem (PAPM) is a new carbapenem which has an enhanced broad spectrum activity against both gram-positive and negative organisms. However, its activities in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are still under controversy. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of PAPM with those of imipenem (IMPM) against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa using in vitro kinetic model and to evaluate the differences according to the quantity of basic amino acid in media. Materials and methods : Using a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa (SGP14) from blood, an in vitro 2-compartment artificial capillary model based on a dialyzer unit was prepared. Antibiotics were given as a bolus q12 hrs for 48 hrs. Simulated doses and frequencies of PAPM and IMPM were 500 mg q12 hrs as approved by Korea Food and Drug Administration. Muller-Hinton broth (MHB) and minimal broth Davis (MBD) were used as culture media and we divided the experiments into 4 groups [PAPM (MHB), PAPM (MBD), IMPM (MHB), IMPM (MBD)]. At 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, and 48 h, samples were removed from peripheral compartment and viable bacterial counts were measured. Results : The susceptibility of PAPM and IMPM for SGP14 were 64 and 2 ug/mL in MHB and 4 and 2 ug/mL in MBD, respectively. Up until 12 hours, changes in bacterial colony counts were not significantly different (P=0.073) for each group. However among the four groups, PAPM (MHB) showed the least changes compared with PMPM (MBD), IMPM (MBD). The largest decrement of colony during 48 hours was observed with PMPM (MBD), followed by IMPM (MHB) or IMPM (MBD), and PAPM (MHB) in decreasing order (P=0.00). There were no differences between IMPM (MHB) and IMPM (MBD) as for the change in colony counts. Conclusions : The bactericidal activities of panipenem against the clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa was similar (at 12 h) or superior (at 48 h) to that of imipenem in an in vitro 2-compartment artificial capillary model using minimal broth to simulate human serum drug concentrations.