국제 인적자원관리 전략의 결정요인과 성과 : 한국내 외국인기업을 중심으로

유승훈,윤영득,김종관,김영근 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.7

This study explores how the tension between global integration and local responsiveness affects the dimensions and determinants of international human resource strategy. The effects of interorganizational interdependencies, competitive strategies and cultural differences, ownership on the two different dimensions of IHR strategy were studied using a sample of 53 MNCs subsidiaries operating in Korea. The findings for global integration suggest that when a subsidiary is highly dependent on the parent to provide crucial resources. And the findings for local responsiveness suggest that when a subsidiary is highly dependent on the host to provide crucial resources and institution. As for the hypothesized interaction shows a negative, significant relationship between a subsidiary's dependence on host institution and ownership and its localization(b=0.0211, p=0.05). Also between a subsidiary's dependence on host resource and ownership and its localization(b=-0.0113, p=0.1). Accordingly, these insights should prove to be useful to researchers and international human resource managers interested in the formulation and implementation of international human resource strategies.

유방암에서 PCNA, c-erbB-2 그리고 p53의 표출양상에 관한 연구

김득수,김의한,양승하 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

Breast carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in korea. Various oncogenes have been found in malignant tumor cells. There were many reports for correlation betwee PCNA, c-erbB-2, and p53, and prognosis of breast carcinoma, but is controversial. We performed immunohistochemical stain for PCNA, c-erbB-2, and p53 for 27 cases of benign tumor and 49 cases of carcinoma of the breast and evaluated expression rate of each antigens, and we compared their correlation with prognosis of patients in breast carcinoma. The results were as follow; 1) PCNA LI of benign tumor and carcinoma of breast were 74.04±17.85 and 71.86±21.57. c-erbB-2 expression rates were 85.19% and 79.59%, and p53 were 0% and 51.02%. 2) PCNA LI showed no difference according to types of benign tumor and to types, histologic grade, and lymph node metastatic status of carcinoma. 3) c-erbB-2 showed higher expression rate in grade Ⅱ(87.5%) and grade Ⅲ(88.89%) than grade Ⅰ(62.50%) in breast carcinoma but it was not significant difference. 4) p53 showed significantly higher expression rate in left side and non-metastatic cases compared to right side and metastatic cases(each p<0.05), and it showed increasing expression rate according to highening of grade without significant differnece(p=0.069). 5) The expression of p53 in breast carcinoma showed significant correlation with proliferative activity of tumor cells(P<0.05). Above results showed that there was correlation the expression of p53 and poor prognosis of patients and proliferative activity of tumor cells in breast carcinoma. c-erbB-2 showed indistinctive correlation with prognosis and no correlation with proliferative activity of tumor cells. PCNA showed no relation to prognosis

하지의 만성 폐쇄성 혈관질환에서 절단부위 결정을 위한 색조도플러영상의 진단학적 가치

황득수,오홍록,이승진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

There is no definite criteria for the determination of the level of amputation in ischemic limb or diabetic foot. So, We propose our update criterias for this problem as another good method, which are color doppler sonography as a noninvasive method and angiographic imaging as a more accurate but invasive method for the vascularity and its supplimentation in ipsilateral lower extremity as well as Wagner's ischemic index. We are concluded from our experience, as these; 1. Color doppler imaging is a kind of a good method for the determination of the level of amputation in ischemic limb or diabetic foot of lower extermity, even than Wagner's ischemic index. 2. The wound healing of diabetic foot is more difficult than any other foot disease such as Buerger's disease or atherosclerotic vascular disease in our experience.

자아초월적 배경에서 본 의식의 기본구조와 심우송

정성덕,Kim, Luke C. 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 인간의 존재론적 가치 및 인간의 본성을 추구하는 심리학은 정신분석과 행동주의 심리학을 거쳐 인본주의 심리학으로 전개된 20세기였다. 금세기 후반에 와서 이런 바탕 위에 자아초월 심리학(transper-sonal psychology)이 제4의 힘으로 인간의 본질을 추구하는 심리학으로 대두되었다. 자아초월 심리학 및 자아초월 정신치료자들이 추구하는 새로운 개념은 인성 가운데 영성(spirituality) 을 인정하고 인격발달과 더불어 영성의 개발을 주장하는 학자들로 자아 통합에서 더 나아가 자아를 벗어난 경지를 받아들이는 입장을 취했다. 이러한 이론 및 치료자들 중 한사람인 Wilber는 인성 및 인간성 속에 있는 영성을 개발하여 삼라만상에 골고루 내재(immanent)한 신성(deity)을 감지하는 것이 인격 발달의 궁극적 목표하고 주장하면서 자아 초월적 과정을 제시한 바 있다. 이와 대조적으로 동양의 선불교 개념 중에 곽암선사가 전해준 심우도와 이를 해설해 놓은 심우송이 있는데 이는 잃어버린 소를 찾아 나서는 한 인간의 모습을 묘사한 것이다. 그 내용은 잃어버린 인간의 본성을 찾아내려는 심리학자들의 자세와 은유적으로 유사한 점이 있으며 Wilber가 말한 의식의 기본구조의 발달과정과 상호 연관성이 있다고 보는 바이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 심우송의 은유적 의미를 의식의 기본구조와 상호 비교 검토하였으며 서양의 과학적 추구로 이루어진 인격 발달과 영성개발의 이론적 근거가 동양의 고전적 지혜 가운데 내재해 있었음을 고찰해 보고저 하였다. 연구재료 및방법: 연구재료는 심우송에 관한 것은 성림의 나를 찾는 법문과 심우도 그리고 이희익의 심우도. 깨달음에 이르는 열 가지 시리즈 및 Suzuki의 선불교편람(Manual of Zen Buddhism)을 중심으로 하였고 의식의 기본구조에 관한 것은 Wilber의 발생학적 발달(Ontogenic development) : 두 가지 기본 양상(Two fundamental patterns)과 발달의 스펙트럼(The Spectrum of development)을 참고로 택하였다. 방법은 이들 논문을 가지고 문헌중심을 상호비교 검토하는 문헌해석학적 방법을 택하였다. 결과: 심우송의 열 가지 구절과 의식의 기본구조들의 각 발달 단계를 상호 비교 검토해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 구절, 소를 찾아 나서는 심우의 노래는 생리적 감각수준의 의식에 해당되고, 둘째 구절, 소발자국을 찾은 견적의 노래는 공상적 감정수준의 의식, 셋째 구절, 소를 찾아낸 견우의 노래는 표상적 수준의 의식, 넷째 구절, 소를 붙잡은 득우의 노래는 규칙 역할 수준의 의식, 다섯번째 구절, 소를 길들이는 목우의 노래는 형식적 성찰수준의 의식, 여섯번째 소를 타고 집에 돌아오는 기우귀가의 노래는 논리적 통찰수준의 의식, 일곱번째 소는 잊어비리고 소 찾는 사람만 남은 망우존인의 노래는 영적·현묘한 수준의 의식, 여덟번째, 사람과 소 모두 없어진 인우구망의 노래는 근원적 수준의 의식, 그리고 아홉번째, 본연으로 돌아온 반본환원의 노래는 궁극적 수준의 의식에 해당되며 이 내용은 열번째 저자에 들어가 도움의 손길을 펴는 입전수수의 노래와 연결된 의미를 내포하고 있다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 심우송의 각 구절은 인간 본성 중에 영성을 인정하는 자아 초월 심리학이 추구하는 의식의 발달과정과 은유적으로 상호 연관성이 있음을 고찰하였다. 정신치료자 뿐만 아니라 인성개발과 관련되는 분야를 연구하는 학자들은 앞으로 인간의 본성이나 정신병리현상을 연구할 때 그 대상관계를 생물정신 사회적 모형에서부터 자아 초월적 차원을 더한 생물정신 사회적 및 영적 모형 (Biopsychosocial-spiritual model)에서 추구하는 좋을 것이라고 결론짓는 바이다. Objectives: Several decades ago Sutich, Walsh and Wilber said, "Transpersonal psychology has taken a position of the fourth emerging force", after the first three of psychoanalytic, behavioristic and humanistic psychology. There is a basis to confirm that transpersonal psychology and transpersonal psychotherapy are the new power of psychology. Namely they pursue entire spectrums of consciousness including the spiritual domain of human con-sciousness which the school of psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology did not emphasize. Transpersonal psychology is concerned with the study of optimum psychological health and well being, including traditional areas and techniques of therapeutic concern. Added to these it an interest in facilitating growth and awareness byound traditionally recognized levels of health and, in so doing, it emphasized the importance of modifying consciousness. In addition to optimum psychological health and well-being, these areas included subjects such as altered states of consciousness, peak experience, self-realization, transcendent of personal levels and effects of meditation and other consciousness altering techniques. The representative theory of this is the basic structures of consciousness by Wilber. His basic structures of consciousness explain the essence of human beings and contain various lines of human development. He has limited his presentation to nine of the most basic and central levels, three of which are prepersonal, personal and transpersonal realms. There are several cases with the similar standpoint of consciousness of Wilber in Zen Buddhism of the Orient. One of them is the ode to the cow seeker and the picture to the cow seeker by Zen master, Kwak-am. Kwak-am explained the process of seeking the essence of a human being with 10 pictures trying to seek lost cow which is called "ten ox herding pictures". The odes to the cow seeker are added explanation of those pictures of the cow seeker Here, this paper introduces you the metaphor of odes to the cow seeker which was compared with basic structures of consciousness and discussed with some scholar's theories of personality development. Therefore, both metaphorical meanings of odes to the cow seeker and Wilber's basic structures of consciousness are an inquiry into the nature of human beings and this inquiry also links the process of the development of transpersonal consciousness Lastly, I tried to prove that transpersonal psychology draws on the contribution of both Eastern wisdom and Western science. Methods: In order to discuss for correlation between odes to the cow seeker and basic structures of consciousness, a method was chosen for interpreting books which are related with these subjects. Among these books, the principal books for odes to the cow seeker were "Buddhistic words seeking himself" by Sunglim, "ox herding pictures", "ten series reaching enlightenment" by Hyee-ik Lee and the manual of zen Buddhism by D.T.Suzuki. The three books were compared with "ontogenic development", "two fundamental patterns" and the spectrum of development by Wilber. Results: The results of the discussion were as follows. The 1st stanza, ode of searching for the cow is corresponded to the sensory physical mind, the 2nd stanza, ode of finding cow's footprints is corresponded to the phantasmic emotional mind, the 3rd stanza, ode of seeing the cow is corresponded to the representational mind, the 4th stanza, ode of catching the cow is corresponded to the rule/role mind, the 5th stanza, ode of taming the cow is corresponded to the formal reflexive mind, the 6th stanza, ode of coming home on the cow's back is corresponded to the vision-logic mind, the 7th stanza, ode of cow gone(the seeker remains alone), is corresponded to the psychic and subtle mind which consciousness belongs to the transpersonal level. The 8th stanza, ode of the cow and the seeker disappeared is corresponded to the causal level, and the 9th stanza, ode of returning to the source is corresponded to the ultimate mind which is connected to the eighth ode and abided as the absolute spirit. Strictly speaking, the ultimate state is not one level among others, but the reality, condition or suchness of all levels. Then, the 10th stanza, ode of entering a house in the market with help-bestowing hands is a scene which the transpersonal deity is not staying in contemplative life state but illuminating toward market people naturally as the flower blooms on an old tree in Spring. Conclusions: Human psychology tends to change to transpersonal psychology in order to understand the essence of human nature like abnormal behavior is destructive while sound is constructive with nature. The 'transpersonal' combined with the term of 'trans' and 'personal' is a new psychology field which pursues the existence of spiritrality. All creation with human beings has its spirituality moving immanently horizontally and it goes transcendentally vertically. Ode to the cow seeker tells the process how the consciousness of a person reachs out to be transpersonal beyond his boundary. The attitude of seeker after spirituality would be compared with the attitude of today's teacher. Therefore I would like to remark that psychotherapists and seekers of the essence of human-beings have to access the point of self-transcendence and also have to try to develop their self-introspection at the level of biopsychosocial-spiritual dimension in the base of psychodynamism. Fro birth to death, it is very hard to find a real Guru who guides us to find out the right ways of life. There's only ways to seek his own spirituality by relieving himself in the base of transpersonal movement and only a few seekers say that's the only way to find it. Besides this way, whether the way of life we take is repeated or comes to a deadlock.

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

식품의 치아우식유발지수측정법 개발에 관한 연구

신승철,마득상,박덕영 단국대학교 치과대학 예방치과 1998 예방치과 세미나집 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the method for assessing cariogenicity of foodstuffs using pH drop by S. mutans, S. mutans was cultured with 8 ml of Tood-Hewitt broth for 7 hours. Then, this broth was centrifuged and 7 ml of supematant was removed and 1 ml of bacterial pellet was remained. Each 1 ml of 0.1%, 0.5% and 0.1% sucrose solution as the experimental groups and distilled water as a control group were mixed with these remained bacterial pellet and cultured at 37℃. The pH was measured at each 10 minutes for 2 hours. The caries potential index(CPI) was measured by calculating the width of area below pH 5.7 line. The reliability of the method was evaluated by comparing coefficients of variation of CPI. As the results, with concentration of sucrose solution between 0.1% to 1.0%, the method assessing CPI using S. mutans discriminated each CPI of solutions fairly well and was reliable.

랫드에서 신우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험

오승민,남혜윤,김준수,연제덕,신대희,이진영,박대규,조명행,정규혁 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The acute and subacute toxicity of New Woohwangchungsimwon(NWCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk were investigated in S.D. rats. In intraperitoneal acute toxicity test, rats(Sprague-Dawley, SPF) were injected intraperitoneally with dosages of 0, 540, 750, 1,070, 1,500 and 3,000 ㎎/㎏. Body weights were significantly decreased at 540 ㎎/㎏ dose group in both sexes and abnormal autopsy findings were founded in both sexes at all treated groups. Intraperitoneal LD_50 of NWCH was 812.3 ㎎/㎏ in male and 872.3 ㎎/㎏ in female rats. In the subacute toxicity study, NWCH was administrated orally to both sexes of rats for 4 weeks as several doses(0, 320, 800 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏). There were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemical analysis, and other findings. Above data strongly suggest that no observed adverse effect level of NWCH might be over 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day in this study.

대퇴골 전자간 골절의 압박나사못 고정술 치료에서의 원위 골절부 위치의 중요성

라종득,박현수,박영봉,임창석,김승우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.4

복부결핵의 지연진단으로 인하여 발생한 복막농양의 경피적 배액술

김승호,오정택,김강득,위대한 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.2

Abdominal tuberculosis is described in two forms; tuberculous peritonitis and gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Abdominal tuberculosis is usually insidious onset with diverse symptoms and signs. The diagnosis is difficult, especially in areas where the disease is less common, as many patients do not have evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis or a positive skin test. Physicians should obtain a thorough history focusing on risk behaviors for tuberculosis. Delayed diagnosis is common, resulting in high mortality. In general, the same regimens are used to treat pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis. Most intra-abdominal and other types of fluid collections are now successfully drained percutaneously under image guidance. The utility of percutaneous drainage(PCD) of tuberculous abscesses is less well established. A 43-years-old man, who had been diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis about 9 years ago, suffered from peritoneal abscess because of delayed diagnosis. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by the PCR tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the aspirates from the abscess. Drainage was done by catheter under ultrasound guidance and there were no procedural complications. The abscess was successfully and completely evacuated. We present our experience with a case of tuberculous peritoneal abscess which were successfully treated by PCD and antituberculous medication.

생체 세라믹스용 마모시험장비의 제작 및 정방정지르코니아의 마모특성

김성호,류득배,문병규,이수완 선문대학교 중소기업기술지원연구소 2001 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

생체 세라믹스용 마모시험장비를 제작하였다. 마모시험기는 lever system을 이용하여 하중인가가 되게 설계되었으며 step motor를 사용하여 회전수 조절이 용이하게 하였다. DAQ (Data Acquisition System)을 이용하여 하중을 측정하여 마찰계수를 측정할 수 있게 하였다. 성능평가를 위해 정방정지르코니아를 Ringer's solution에서 선속도 40 mm/s, 인가하중 10, 20, 30 N에서 마모시험 하였다. Grooving, crack networking등의 마모기구가 관찰되었다. A wear testing machine for bioceramics was designed and made, which loading and rotating parts consisted of a lower systemed and a step motor, respectively. Friction coefficient was determined by DAQ(Data Acquisition System). Wear resistance of tetragonal zirconia was measured under linear velocity of 40 mm/sec, applied load of 10, 20, 30 N in Ringer's solution, which showed grooving, crack networking on worn surfaces.