Effects on SS304 Contents to Corrosion Properties of ZIRLO-SS304-INCONEL718-NM Alloy for Long-Term Disposal

Seung-Youb Han,Seon-Ah Jang,Hwan-Seo Park 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2017 No.10

In Situ Fracture Observation and Fracture Toughness Analysis of Pearlitic Graphite Cast Irons with Different Nodularity

Seung Youb Han,Seok Su Sohn,Sang Yong Shin,이성학,Yong Chan Suh 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.4

Effects of microstructural modification and microfracture mechanisms on fracture toughness of pearlitic graphite cast irons with different nodularity were investigated by in situ observation of microfracture process. Six pearlitic graphite cast irons were fabricated by adding a small amount of Mg as a nodularizing element for graphite, and their microstructures including pearlite, ferrite, graphite, and eutectic carbide were analyzed. Most of ferrites were observed in a layer shape around graphites because of carbon-depleted zones formed near graphites. As the nodularity and nodule count increased, fracture toughness linearly increased in the cast irons except the iron containing many fine graphites. According to in situ observation of microfracture process, cracks initiated at nodular graphites and carbides even at a small load, and then propagated readily through the adjacent graphites or carbides, thereby resulting in the lowest fracture toughness. The cast iron having widely spaced graphites and ferrite layers thickly formed around graphites showed the highest fracture toughness because of the blocking of crack propagation by ductile ferrite layers and the crack blunting and deflection by graphites, which was also confirmed by the R-curve analysis.

Microstructure and Corrosion Properties Zr-Cr-Si-NM Alloy Metallic Waste Form for Long-term Disposal

Seung-Youb Han,Seon-Ah Jang,Hwan-Seo Park 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2017 No.05

Effects of Cooling Conditions on Tensile and Charpy Impact Properties of API X80 Linepipe Steels

Han, Seung Youb,Shin, Sang Yong,Lee, Sunghak,Kim, Nack J.,Bae, Jin-Ho,Kim, Kisoo Springer-Verlag 2010 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physi Vol.41 No.2

Invar 36 합금 선재의 미세조직에 미치는 냉간 인발 및 열처리 공정의 영향

한승엽 ( seung Youb Han ),장선아 ( Seon Ah Jang ),은희철 ( Hee-Chul Eun ),최정훈 ( Jung-Hoon Choi ),이기락 ( Ki Rak Lee ),박환서 ( Hwan Seo Park ),안도희 ( Do-Hee Ahn ),김수영 ( Soo Young Kim ),김재열 ( Jea Youl Kim ),신상용 ( San 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2016 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.54 No.10

In this study, the effect of cold drawing and heat treatment on the microstructure of Invar36 alloy wire was investigated. Invar36 alloy wire is used as a transmission line core material, and is required to have high strength. The diameter of the Invar36 alloy wire specimens were reduced from 16 mm to 4.3 mm after three cold drawing and two heat treatment processed, thereby increasing tensile strength. Specimens were taken after each of the cold drawing and heat treatment processes, and their microstructure and tensile properties were analyzed. The Invar36 alloy γ-(Fe, Ni) phase matrix before the cold drawing and heat treatment processes. After the cold drawing processes, {220} and {200} textures were mainly achieved. After the heat treatment processes, a {220} recrystallization γ-(Fe, Ni)phase was formed with fine carbides. The recrystallization γ-(Fe, Ni) phase grains had low dislocation density, so they probably accommodated a large amount of deformation during the cold drawing processes.

API X80 라인파이프강의 미세조직과 기계적 특성에 미치는 냉각조건의 영향

한승엽 ( Seung Youb Han ),신상용 ( Sang Yong Shin ),이성학 ( Sung Hak Lee ),배진호 ( Jin Ho Bae ),김기수 ( Ki Soo Kim ) 대한금속·재료학회 2009 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.47 No.9

In this study, four API X80 linepipe steel specimens were fabricated with varying cooling rates and finish cooling temperatures, and their microstructures and crystallographic orientations were analyzed to investigate the effects of cooling conditions on their tensile and Charpy impact properties. All the specimens consisted of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and secondary phases such as martensite and martensiteaustenite constituent. The volume fraction of secondary phases increased with increasing cooling rate, and the higher finish cooling temperature resulted in the reduction in volume fraction and grain size of secondary phases. According to the crystallographic orientation analysis data, the effective grain size and unit crack path decreased as fine acicular ferrites having a large amount of high-angle grain boundaries were homogeneously formed, thereby leading to the improvement of Charpy impact properties. The specimen fabricated with the higher cooling rate and lower finish cooling temperature had the highest upper shelf energy and the lowest energy transition temperature because it contained a large amount of fine secondary phases homogeneously distributed inside fine acicular ferrites, while its tensile properties well maintained.

금융자산의 인식과 제거에 대한 비대칭적 회계처리 : 총수익스왑을 활용한 지분증권 거래에 관한 사례 연구

한승엽 ( Seung-youb Han ),김영준 ( Young Jun Kim ),백복현 ( Bok Baik ) 한국회계학회 2018 회계저널 Vol.27 No.4

총수익스왑(Total Return Swap, 이하 ‘TRS’)은 소유권과 의결권을 분리시키는 고유의 디커플링 기능과 함께 목적에 따라 다양한 변형이 가능해 경영권 방어, 기업인수 등 활용범위를 넓혀가며 새로운 금융기법으로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 TRS에 대한 기존 연구는 주로 법률적 관점에서 이루어져 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 경제적 실질은 유사하나 회계처리가 상이한 아시아나항공㈜과 ㈜호텔롯데의 두 TRS 사례를 분석함으로써 TRS와 관련한 두 가지 회계 이슈를 논의한다. 먼저 금융자산 제거 기준과 인식 기준의 비대칭성으로 인해 TRS의 기초자산 제거와 인식에 대한 회계처리가 일관되지 않을 수 있음을 보인다. 현행 금융자산 제거 기준은 ‘위험과 보상의 이전’이라는 경제적 실질에 기초한 반면, 금융자산 인식 기준은 ‘계약당사자(양수자)’라는 법적 외형을 우선시한다. 그 결과 TRS가 기존 주식의 매각을 목적으로 하는 경우 경제적 실질(주식 담보 차입)에 따라 기초자산의 제거가 금지되나, 신규 주식 취득을 목적으로 하는 경우에는 기업이 계약당사자로 등장하지 않는 법적 외형에 따라 기초자산의 인식이 불허(부외부채 효과 발생)되는 비대칭적 회계처리가 나타난다. TRS가 본래 외형과 실질을 분리할 목적으로 고안된 금융상품인 만큼 실질보다 형식을 우선시하는 현행 금융자산 인식 기준을 보완하거나 관련 공시를 강화할 필요가 있다. 다음으로 TRS 기초자산 매각에 대한 법과 회계의 판단이 불일치할 수 있음을 보인다. 법원과 공정거래위원회는 소유권과 의결권을 함께 이전하는 ‘숨은 의결권’ 유형 TRS의 기초자산 매각 거래에 대해 주요 법적 권한이 이전되었다는 이유로 진성 매각으로 판단한 반면, 금융감독원은 차액 정산 조건으로 인해 시장위험이 이전되지 않았다는 점을 근거로 이를 부인하였다. 기업이 법과 회계의 간극을 활용해 규제차익을 추구할 유인이 있는 만큼 TRS에 대한 감독당국과 투자자의 깊은 이해와 주의가 요구된다. Total return swap (hereinafter ‘TRS’) is a generic term for all types of financial transactions in which a TRS payer who possesses legal ownership of a reference asset transfers specified rewards and/or risks arising from the asset to a TRS receiver in return for receiving promised fees. This financial innovation provides firms with two unique advantages: i) decoupling effects that separate legal ownership and voting right of a stock and ii) flexibility that allows diverse structural designs satisfying various objectives. Prior literature, however, has studied TRS from a legal perspective, focusing on the potential risk of decoupling effects that violate the one-share-one-vote principle, one of the most important bases of the modern Company Act. In this paper, we discuss two accounting issues surrounding TRS by analyzing two cases - TRS of Asiana Airlines Inc. (hereinafter ‘Asiana case’) and TRS of Hotel Lotte Co., Ltd. (hereinafter ‘Lotte case’) - of which accounting treatments are different despite their similar economic substances. We first examine asymmetric accounting treatments in relation to recognition and derecognition of financial assets when TRS is involved in the transaction. The current derecognition standards of financial assets do not regard a TRS-based equity disposal as a true sale because cash settlement conditions in ordinary TRS structures retransfer market risk to a seller. As shown in the Asiana case in which reference assets are currently-possessed equity securities, firms who are in a seller position are not allowed to derecognize the financial assets as long as cash settlement condition exists regardless of legal ownership transfer. On the other hand, the recognition standards of financial assets require firms to directly represent as contractual parties of financial transactions to recognize underlying assets, consequently placing legal form before economic substance. As in the Lotte case whose objective is to purchase new equity securities, firms who are neither direct buyers nor sellers are prohibited from recognizing newly acquired financial assets, although firms de facto own the assets from an economic perspective. As a consequence, different accounting treatments are applied to economically identical transactions, depending on the characteristics of TRS reference assets, that is, whether the assets are currently-possessed versus newly-acquired. Since firms have stronger control over reference assets in a purchasing-purpose TRS than in a selling-purpose TRS, the current recognition standards of financial assets that prioritize legal form need to be revisited for the consistency with the derecognition standards which prioritize economic substance. At minimum, more transparent disclosure is necessary to help investors better understand the nature of transactions. Secondly, we discuss the discrepancy between law and accounting in regards to TRS equity disposal. The law which puts more weight on contractual appearance of duty and right relations considers TRS equity disposal as a true sale only if major legal rights, such as ownership and voting rights, are transferred. Consistently, the court and the Fair Trade Commission consider Asiana’s TRS-based equity securities disposal as a true sale. In contrast, the accounting which stands on the substance-over-form principle does not affirm it as a true sale unless most financial rewards and risks are actually transferred regardless of legal ownership. The Financial Supervisory Service’s opinion about Asiana’s TRS accounting treatment resonates the accounting viewpoint. This inconsistency between the law and accounting cannot easily be reconciled due to the contrasting objectives and approaches between the two. Since firms may have incentives to pursue regulatory arbitrage and in turn exploit the inconsistency, caution needs to be exercised for investors to have a deeper understanding of firms’ TRS transactions.

논문 : 탄소함량이 다른 경량철강판의 냉간 압연에 의한 파괴기구

한승엽 ( Seung Youb Han ),신상용 ( Sang Yong Shin ),이성학 ( Sung Hak Lee ),김낙준 ( Nack J. Kim ),곽재현 ( Jai Hyun Kwak ),진광근 ( Kwang Geun Chin ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2010 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

An investigation was conducted into the effects of κ-carbides on the cracking phenomenon, which often occurred in cold-rolled light-weight steel plates. Three kinds of steels were fabricated by varying the C content, and their microstructures and tensile properties were investigated. In the two steels that contained a high carbon content, the band structures of ferrites and κ-carbides that were severely elongated along the rolling direction were well developed, whereas continuous arrays of κ-carbides were formed in the steel that contained a low carbon content. Detailed microstructural analyses of the deformed region beneath the tensile fracture surface showed that the cracks initiated at arrays of κ-carbides or κ-carbides formed interfaces between the band structures, which initiated cleavage fractures in the ferrite bands, while the bands populated with a number of κ-carbides did not play an important role in propagating the cracks. Thus, the minimization of interfacial κ-carbides or κ-carbide arrays by increasing the carbon content was essential for preventing cracking from occurring during cold rolling.

호텔 객실판매 예측에 관한 실증적 연구 - 서울지역 특급호텔을 중심으로 -

한승엽(Seung Youb Han) 한국산학경영학회 1991 산학경영연구 Vol.4 No.-

Nothing is more incorrect than forecasting. Nevertheless, forecasting is one of the most important business activities for the effective management. There has been rapid changes of the growth rate in every respect of the Korean hospitaity industry, especially the hotel industry, before and after the 88 Olympic Games. Therefore, the hoteliers shall be in need of more-than-ever accourate demand forecasting for the more systematic management and control. Under the above circumstances, this study suggested the best forecasting technique and method for the better sales and operations of the hotel rooms. The number of rooms sold is selected as a dependent variable of this study which is regarded as the best representative factor of measuring the growth rate of the rooms division performance of the hotels. The first step was to select the most verifiable independent variable diferently from the other countries or other areas of Korea. As a result, the number of foreign visitors was chosen. Empirical research, i.e. correlation and multiple regression analysis, shows that this independent variable has a strong relationship with the dependent variable told above. The second procedure was to estimate the number of rooms will be sold in 1991 on the basis of the formula calculated through the multiple regression analysis. Time series technique was conducted using the data of the number of foreign visitors by purpose of travel from 1987 to 1990. For the more correct forecasting, however, it would be desirable to adopt the data from 1989 considering the product or the industry life cycle. In addition, deeper analysis for the monthly or seasonal forecasting method is needed as a future research.

공익법인의 회계정보가 기부자의 기부의사결정에 미치는 영향 : 예산집행 정보와 회계품질을 중심으로

한승엽 ( Seung-youb Han ),최세라 ( Sera Choi ),양승희 ( Seunghee Yang ),윤소은 ( So-eun Yoon ) 한국회계학회 2019 회계학연구 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구는 공익법인의 예산집행 정보와 회계품질을 중심으로 공익법인의 회계정보가 기부자의 기부의사결정에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 2014년부터 2017년까지 사회복지사업을 영위하는 공익법인을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 전체 비용에서 고유목적사업에 지출된 비용의 비중(즉, 고유목적사업비율)이 높을수록 기부자가 예산집행 적정성을 보다 긍정적으로 평가해 차기 기부금이 유의하게 늘어나는 것으로 확인된다. 다만 회계품질이 낮은 경우 이러한 고유목적사업비율과 차기 기부금 간의 양(+)의 관계가 약화되는 것으로 관측되는 바, 동일한 회계정보라 하더라도 해당 정보의 신뢰성 수준에 따라 기부자의 정보의존도에 편차가 발생하는 것으로 나타난다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 공익법인의 회계투명성 수준에 대한 그간의 우려에도 불구하고 공익법인의 회계정보가 기부자의 기부의사결정에 유용하게 활용됨으로써 효율적 자원배분을 촉진하는 정보체계로서 효과적으로 기능하고 있음을 시사한다. This study investigates whether accounting information of Korean nonprofit organizations (hereinafter NPO) influences donors’ subsequent-period donation decisions. Analyzing NPOs running social-welfare businesses which account for the largest portion of total donation revenues in Korea for the period 2014-2017, we find that donors perceive NPOs reporting higher program ratios (i.e., the ratio of program expenses to total expenses) as more efficient in budget usage and thus, increase the amount of subsequent-period donation. However, the positive association between program ratio and subsequent-period donation is attenuated for NPOs with low accounting quality, suggesting that donors’ reliance on NPOs’ accounting information varies with the credibility of the information contents. Collectively, our findings indicate that despite the increasing concerns on accounting transparency of Korean NPOs, donors incorporate the two attributes of accounting information - contents and quality - in their decision-making and that the accounting information system functions effectively, contributing to the efficient resource allocation in the nonprofit sector.