NaOH 첨가에 따른 음식물찌꺼기 고온 혐기성 산발효

안철우,이철승,서종환,박진식,문추연,장성호,김수생 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 음식물찌꺼기의 혐기성 산발효에 있어 여러 조건들 중 온도가 효율적인 가수분해와 산발효에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 고온(55℃)과 중온(35℃)에서 각각 실험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 음식물찌꺼기의 혐기성 산발효시 산생성 효율을 높이기 위한 전처리 과정으로 음식물찌꺼기에 NaOH를 투입한 결과 가수분해효율을 표현한 가용화 정도(Solubilization)가 0.01 g NaOH/g TS이하로 투입된 경우 0.01 mgSCOD_(prod)/mgICOD_(inf)이하를 나타내었으나, 0.05 g NaOH/g TS이상을 투입했을 때는 0.07~0.09 mgSCOD_(prod)/mgICOD_(inf)로 나타났다. 따라서 음식물찌꺼기에 NaOH를 투입하여 효율적인 가수분해가 이루어지기 위해서는 g TS당 0.05 g이상의 NaOH가 투입되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 음식물찌꺼기를 NaOH로 전처리한 후 고온(55℃) 산발효를 실시했을 때 0.05 g NaOH/g TS 투입시 SCOD의 증가치 3,800 mg/L로 최대의 가용화와 산생성에 효과적인 pH 5.95를 얻을 수 있었다. 0.05 g NaOH/g TS를 투입하여 중온(35℃)에서 산발효를 실시한 경우와 비교하여 SCOD 증가치가 약 5배 정도 높았고, 최대 가용화에 이르는 시간도 중온의 2/3 정도로 짧아 음식물찌꺼기의 가용화에는 고온이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. NaOH 0.05 g NaOH/g TS로 전처리된 음식물찌꺼기의 산발효 결과 고온(55℃) 및 중온(35℃)에서 각각 반응시작 후 72시간에 12,600 mg/L, 120tlrksdp 9,800 mg/L의 VFA농도를 나타내어 동일기질을 이용하여 산발효를 실시했을 때 중온보다는 고온에서 미생물의 활성증대와 유기물의 가수분해가 촉진되어 VFA생성이 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. 고온에서 NaOH에 전처리된 음식물찌꺼기를 산발효 시켰을 때 VFA가 가장 높았던 시점을 기준으로 VFA의 조성을 조사한 결과 acetic acid가 45.9%, butyric acid가 26.7%, propionic acid가 13.9% 등으로 총 유기산 발생량의 86.5%를 차지하였다. This study showed that thermophilic anaerobic acid fermentation of food wastes had an enhanced hydrolysis capability and improvement of acidification efficiency. Influence of pH on the anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis was investigated to determine the proper alkalinity in the thermophilic fermentation of food wastes. The results of putting NaOH as alkali to evaluate hydrolysis and acid fermentation efficiency in acid fermentation process of food wastes showed that the food wastes pretreated with 0.05 g NaOH/g TS had the maximum 12,600 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 3 days in 55℃ hermophilic condition and the maximum 9,700 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 5 days in 35℃ mesophilic condition. The accomplishment of high VFAs concentration resulted from that the main component of food wastes such as cellulose, lignin and etc. is performed active chemical decomposition by alkali in thermophilic condition. The major components of VFAs produced from the thermophilic acid fermentation process of food wastes were the short chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid.

악교정 수술을 받은 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 치료전후 하악전치부 치조골 형태변화에 대한 연구

안형수,김성식,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.5

이번 연구의 목적은 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 악교정 수술 전과 수술 후의 하악전치부 치조골의 형태 변화를 평가하는 것이다 : 하악지 시상골분할절단술만을 시행받은 30명의 성인 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자를 대상으로 하였다. 초진시와 수술 전과 수술 후 3개월이 경과하였을 때의 측모두부규격방사선 사진을 비교하였다. 골격과 하악이부의 계측치를 비교하였으며 이들 사이의 상관성 분석을 시행하여서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 술전교정후군과 악교정수술후군에서 치료전군에 비해 하악전치부의 순측과 설측의 치조골 높이가 감소하였다. 2. 치조골 기저부의 전후방적인 폭경은 두개안면골격의 수직계측항목과 역상관관계를, IMPA와는 순상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 3. 하악이부 계측항목중 하낙이부의 장경과 폭경은 두개안면골격과 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 4. 순측의 치조골 높이와 설측의 치조골 높이는 순상관관계를 나타냈지만(p<0.001), 설측의 치조정의 폭경과는 역상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 순측과 설측의 치조정의 폭경은 역상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 하악이부의 장경과 폭경은 서로 순상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 5. IMPA와 LISA는 순,설측치조골의 장경과 설측의 치조골 폭경과는 역상관관계를 보였지만, 순측치조골폭경과는 순상관관계를 보였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of alveolar bone and mandibular symphysis of lower incisor by presurgical orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery in skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion. the sample consisted of 30 adult class Ⅲ malocclusion patients who have received bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment and 3 months after orthognathic surgery. skeletal and symphyseal measurements were compared and the relationships between them were analysed. The results were as follow : 1. The labial and lingual alveolar bone height in presurgical and poetastrical group were decreased than that of pretreatment group. 2. The vertical measurements of the craniofacial skeleton showed reverse correlationship with anteroposterior width of basal alveolar bone, but IMPA showed correlationship(p<0.01). 3. The craniofacial skeleton and the change of symphyseal measurements(symphyseal length, symphyseal width) showed no correlationship. 4. The labial alveolar bone height showed correlationship with lingual alveolar bone height(p<0.001), and negative correlationship with lingual alveolar crestal width(p<.01). Labial and lingual alveolar crestal width has negative correlationship (p<0.05). Mandibular symphyseal length and width has positive correlationship(p<0.01). 5. IMPA, LISA showed negative correlationship with labiolingual alveolar bone height and lingual alveolar width and positive correlationship with labial alveolar base bone width.

企業의 輸出行動에 관한 硏究

安世遠,余聖遇 慶星大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.12 No.3

This issue is designed to present some of the recent thinking and empirical evidence on the subject of "internationalization" The term "internationalization" is used here to refer to " the process of increasing involvement in international operations" and also to highlight the variety in firms' international market entry and development modes. Companies' international involvement can best be described as evolutionary. A fundamental proposition of many writers on internationalization is that a firm's export behavior is a developmental process involving a sequential step wise progression. Thus the more international experience the company has, the lower the perceived risk of running a foreign business. On the other hand, some researchers also postulate that internationlization is a sequential process and formulated a stages model. The process by which a firm demonstrates exporting behavior is usually conceived as evolving through various states, though the suggested number and characteristics of relevant stages vary. A review of the major studies suggests four groups of factors as likely determinants of whether firms engage in export marketing. The factors can be identified as 1) management expectation and the strength of managerial aspirations for various business goals 2)the level of organizational commitment to export marketing 3) attention-evoking factors 4)export barriers It is generally recognized that the expansion of a nation's exports has positive effects on the growth of the economy as a whole as well as on individual firms. An overall objective in most countries is to find ways to increase exports. Increase exports may be achived either by stimulating exporting firms to export more or by inducing non-exporters to start exporting . Despite the potential contributions of a higher export level, many firms appear not to be fully maximizing their potential gains from international trade. An important objective of this study, therefore, is to profile these firms at different levels of international development and to identify determinants of export marketing behavior. Futher, because the determinants differ from one export stage to another, the relative importance are also analyzed. Another major objective is to suggest a theoretical insight which could be used by public or private export promotion agencies for estimating the export potential of firms. No comprehensive or widely accepted theory of the process by which firms expand and develop their international business activities has yet emerged. However, there does appear to be some concensus emerging concerning certain general characteristics of this process. 1) It is an incremental learning process which takes place over time as the firm gradually increases its involvement and commitment in foreign markets. 2) This process could be identified several development stages according to degree to involement in foreign operations. 3) Factors that influence firm's progressions from one stage to the next tend to differ by stage. 4)Differences of export potential in both exporting and nonexporting firms can be explained by various aspects. The issue begins with export as an expansion alterantives for the company, in chapter III, a review of existing theretical and empirial studies on the export behaviour of firms . A chapter IV of this study tries development of conceptual integrated export behaviour of firms. Lastly conclusion and future research directions are present in chapter V.

神闕의 穴位 특징과 鍼灸治療에 대한 문헌 고찰

안성훈,조명수,송재수,도진우,김종성,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the location of Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) through literature research. We extracted the part about the location of Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) from ancient and modern oriental medical literature which were used commonly in clinic. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The location of Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) were generally recorded DangJeJung. 2. Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) placed in middle of linea alba. 3. Treatment effect of moxibustion on Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) were recorded as diarrhea, dropsy, prolapse of the anus, stomachache, paralysis etc.. 4. Acupuncture therapy on Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕) is dangerous because of inflammation, it is suggested that acupuncture therapy may be possible if acupuncture therapy do not induce inflammation on Sin-Guel(CV_(8), 神闕).

청각 장애 학교 교사들의 수화 사용에 대한 질적 분석

안성우 한국특수아동학회 2003 특수아동교육연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 정상적인 교실 환경에서 청각 장애 학생들에게 교과 내용을 지도하기 위하여 청각 장애 학교 교사들이 수화와 구어를 동시에 사용할 때, 수화 표현과 구어 표현의 일치도를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 청각 장애 학교에서 5년 이상 근무한 경력이 있는 중등 교과 담당 교사 4명이 피험자로서 본 연구에 참여하였다. 연구자는 이들 교사들이 학생들에게 교과 내용을 수화와 구어로 동시에 설명하는 활동을 녹화한 후 구어 발화는 연구자가, 수화 표현은 수화 통역사들이 전사하였다. 결과는 청각 장애 학교의 교사들이 수화와 구어를 동시에 사용할 때 구어 표현을 수화로 표기하는 데 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 구어 발화의 상당한 부분이 수화로 표현되지 않고 생략되었다. 또 수화 표현도 완전한 수화 구문으로 표현되는 것은 많지 않았다. This study examined the degree to which teachers' signed messages represented their spoken utterances when used simultaneously under normal classroom conditions. 4 teachers, all experienced in working with deaf students, were observed and video taped. Results indicate that teachers in middle school for the deaf can not provide a complete manual representation of their spoken messages, were found to be less than 60% accurate in reproducing on their hands what they were saying. This is in contrast with earlier research with early elementary school teachers. Findings from this study have implications for programs to train teachers in using sign language.

장애아동들의 지역학교내 통합교육에 대한 초·중·고등학교 교사들의 태도 비교 연구

안성우,김미경 한국특수아동학회 2001 특수아동교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구는 통합교육에 대한 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교의 교사들의 태도에 대해 조사하였다. 우리나라에서도 1994년에 개정된 특수교육진흥법 제15조에 의해 통합교육을 장애 아동 교육 정책으로 삼고 있다. 이 새로운 정책은 장애 아동들을 일반 학교에 받을 것인 지 아닌 지 교사들이 더 이상 결정할 수 없게 하였고 일반 학교에서 장애 아동들을 교육하는 것이 선택 사항이 아니게 되었다. 이 정책은 장애 아동들의 교육 뿐만이 아니라 일반 아동들의 교육에도 영향을 미치게 되었다. 그러나 많은 학자들은 이러한 정책의 실행 성공 여부는 교육적 지원 외에도 교사들의 통합교육에 대한 태도에 달려 있다고 지적하고 있다. 따라서 교사들의 태도를 조사하는 것은 통합교육의 성공을 위한 준비 노력으로서 상당히 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서는 초등 교사와 중등 교사들의 태도를 비교하는 것을 또 다른 목적으로 하고 있다. 이는 초등학교와 중고등학교의 교육 현실이 상이한 점 때문으로 태도는 개인이 속한 환경의 영향을 받기 때문이다. 그런데 기존의 선행 연구들은 특수교사와 일반 교사간에는 많은 연구들이 수행되어 있으나 학교급간에는 많은 연구가 수행되어 있지 않다. 따라서 학교급별 교사들의 통합교육에 대한 태도를 조사하는 것은 상당히 의의가 있다. 또 본 연구에서는 교사들의 인구통계학적 변인들이 통합교육에 대한 교사들의 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아 보려고 시도하였다. 그러나 교사들의 특수교육에 대한 지식 정도가 통합교육에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 통제하기 위해 교사들이 방학중 특수교육 관련 연수를 이수한 직후에 태도 조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 교사들이 장애 아동들의 통합교육에 대해 전반적으로는 긍정적인 태도를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 학교급간에 통합교육의 효과에 대해 상이한 태도를 갖고 있었다. 초등학교 교사들이 더 호의적이었고 중고등학교 교사들이 덜 호의적이었다. 이는 중고등학교의 교육 현실을 반영하는 것이라고 생각되어진다.또 교육적 효과의 하위 영역에서는 교사들이 통합교육이 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라고 생각하는 영역도 있고 아동들의 교육에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라고 생각하는 영역도 있다. 교사들은 아동들의 교과 학습면을 가장 우려하고 있었다. 교사들이 우려하는 점들을 해소할 수 있는 방향으로 교육 정책이 입안되고 실행될 수 있도록 노력하여야 할 것이다. This study investigated teachers' attitudes as measured by responses of teachers from three different levels of school toward integration of children with disabilities. In 1994 a new policy which emphasized the rights of all children to an education in community based regular schools and the consequent expectation that teachers and no choice about whether they would accept children with disabilities into their classrooms had been introduced in this country. This policy has changed teaching environments in community based regular school. In this study, it was found that teachers expressed positive attitudes toward the integration of children disabilities into their classroom. It was also found that the attitudes toward mainstreaming students with disabilities of teachers in elementary schools are more positive than the attitudes of teachers working in either middle school or high school, and that teachers did not view that mainstreaming help non handicapped children in academic area. They viewed that mainstreaming might have a negative effect on an academic achievement of non handicapped students in general. However, it was pointed out that the availability of ancillary staff was seen as a major factor in the more positive attitudes toward the policy.

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

BTA드릴에 의한 심공가공시 최적절삭조건과 공구수명에 관한 연구

장성규,이충일,전언찬,안찬우,김현수 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2

The BTA deep hole machining has an increasing because of its wide range applications and its good productivity. The BTA tools are capable fo machining for having a large length to diameter ratio in single pass. It's really necessary that the research for machining of the deep hole drilling by the BTA drilling because its required quality should be satisfied with one time machining. In machining deep holes by single edge BTA drill, P10 class of tool material out of single tube BTA drilling system, we got the result of our study of selecting the optimum cutting condition and tool life for an object, SM55C through our testing as follows. (1) Cutting speed V=42m/min, and feed speed F=90mm/min is the optimum cutting condition and the tool life was about 10 meters. (2) The testing was shown surface roughness was 12㎛, and the roundness was less 16㎛.

고등학교 지구과학 실험·실습 요목 비교 분석

정원우,이윤종,기우항,김영호,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,윤성효,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school earth. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school earth science have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this, eighty eight earth science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of earth science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.

卷柏의 혈액암세포주에서 抗癌作用에 대한 연구

남항우,이성원,이병주,권칠용,문연자,안성훈,우원홍 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1

The Sellaginella Tarmariscina is widely used in the traditional oriental herbal medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects. The effects of aqueous extracts of Sellaginella Tarmariscina on the viability and induction of apoptotic cell death were investigated in HL-60 cells. The cell viability after treating with extract of Sellaginella Tarmariscina was quantified by MTT assay. The results showed that could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and caused a 40% inhibition of HL-60 cells at concentrations of 400 ㎍/ml. The cancericidic effect of Sellaginella Tarmariscina was mediated by apoptosis. Thus, HL-60 cells exposed to Sellaginella Tarmariscina displayed the DNA fragmentation ladder and nucleus chromatin condensation characteristic for apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that the extract of Sellaginella Tarmariscina may induce the apoptotic death in HL-60 cells.