Environmental Management in Industry

Han, Sang Wook,Kim, Ik Soo,Terence P. CURRAN 한국환경정책학회 1995 環境政策 Vol.3 No.1

환경문제를 야기시키는 원인은 인간 그 자체에 있으며, 경제주체별로는 개인, 기업, 정부로 볼 수 있다. 시시각각 변화하고 강화되여가는 국제환경질서에 대처하기 위해서는 기업과 정부가 협조적인 관계를 유지하면서 각각의 역할을 하여야하는 바, 기업은 사회공헌책임주의에 입각하여 환경친화책인 기업경영을 도입, 실천해야 하며, 정부는 이를 지원, 촉진하기 위한 정책을 펼쳐야 할 것이다. 이 논문은 지구차원에서의 환경문제, 미국과 한국의 최근 환경정책 그리고 기업에서의 환경경영도입의 중요성과 환경경영이 모든 조직기능에서 통합 고려되어야 하는 필요성올 논의하였으며, 기업의 환경경영을 위한 환경성과지표, 환경심사, 전과정분석 등의 요소들을 검토하였다. 끝으로 3M, Body Shop, Baxter International 둥 3개 기업에 있어서의 환경경영의 사례를 동해 환경경영에 의한 기업이익을 엿볼 수 있었다.

Optical Analysis of Power Distribution in Top-Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes Integrated with Nanolens Array Using Finite Difference Time Domain

Han, Kyung-Hoon,Park, Young-Sam,Cho, Doo-Hee,Han, Yoonjay,Lee, Jonghee,Yu, Byounggon,Cho, Nam Sung,Lee, Jeong-Ik,Kim, Jang-Joo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.22

<P>Recently, we have addressed that a formation mechanism of a nanolens array (NLA) fabricated by using a maskless vacuum deposition is explained as the increase in surface tension of organic molecules induced by their crystallization. Here, as another research using finite difference time domain simulations, not electric field intensities but transmitted energies of electromagnetic waves inside and outside top-emitting blue organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs), without and with NLAs, are obtained, to easily grasp the effect of NLA formation on the light extraction of TOLEDs. Interestingly, the calculations show that NLA acts as an efficient light extraction structure. With NLA, larger transmitted energies in the direction from emitting layer to air are observed, indicating that NLAs send more light to air otherwise trapped in the devices by reducing the losses by waveguide and absorption. This is more significant for higher refractive index of NLA. Simulation and measurement results are consistent. A successful increase in both light extraction efficiency and color stability of blue TOLEDs, rarely reported before, is accomplished by introducing the highly process-compatible NLA technology using the one-step dry process. Blue TOLEDs integrated with a <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-di(1-naphthyl)-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine NLA with a refractive index of 1.8 show a 1.55-times-higher light extraction efficiency, compared to those without it. In addition, viewing angle characteristics are enhanced and image blurring is reduced, indicating that the manufacturer-adaptable technology satisfies the requirements of highly efficient and color-stable top-emission displays.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Original Articlet:Macular Hole Formation in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment after Scleral Buckling

( Ik Soo Byon ),( Han Jo Kwon ),( Gun Hyung Park ),( Sung Who Park ),( Ji Eun Lee ) 대한안과학회 2014 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.28 No.5

Purpose: To describe early macular hole (MH) development in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) afterscleral buckling (SB) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods: The medical records and spectral domain OCT images of patients in whom MH developed after RRDrepair were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A postoperative MH was detected in five eyes that underwent SB during a 6-year period. All had fovea-off RRD without MH at the time of surgery. OCT showed partial loss of the inner retina with a preservedphotoreceptor layer in early postoperative days. On average, 7 days (range,5 to 8 days) after surgery, outerretinal tissues disappeared, resulting in the full-thickness MH. Conclusions: Serial OCT findings revealed that partial-thickness lamellar holes progressed to full-thicknessMHs, which were formed by the degeneration of the outer retina in eyes with preceding loss of the glial conein the fovea.

Clinical Outcomes of Intraoperative Radiofrequency Abla- tion in Hepatocelluar Carcinoma Patients Ineligible for Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation or Surgical Resection

( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Lee ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Jun Suh Lee ),( Young Chul Yoon ),( Yu Ri Shin ),( Hye Ji Kim ),( Eun Chung ),( Young Woon Kim ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Nam Ik Han 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with relatively poor liver function to undergo surgical resection or when percutaneous approach for RFA is not feasible due to the difficult location of the tumor. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes of intraoperative RFA compared to surgical resection. Methods: A total of 76 consecutive patients who received either intraoperative RFA (n=23) or surgical resection (n=53) with curative intent at the Incheon St Mary``s hospital from June 2012 to September 2015 were enrolled. Disease free survival and overall survival rates were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up period was 20.1 months (range, 0.9-41.5). The mean baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was higher in the RFA group compared to the resection group (11.5±4.7 vs. 7.8±1.5, p=0.001). The resection group consisted of larger tumors with the median diameter of 2.7cm (range, 1-16) compared to 2cm (range, 1-5) of the RFA group (p=0.002). However, there was no difference in the number of tumors and the tumor stage between the two groups. The disease free survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 81.6%, 74.8% in the RFA group and 92.2%, 86.2% in the resection group, respectively (p=0.256). The overall survival rates at one year were 91.3% in the RFA group and 94.3% in the resection group, respectively (p=0.635). In the RFA group, 5 patients (21.7%) received liver transplantation (LT) after median interval of 10.9 months (range, 9.2~26.4) since the intraoperative RFA. Conclusions: The patients who received intraoperative RFA presented with relatively poor liver function but the disease free survival and overall survival rates were non-inferior compared to the patients who underwent resection. Therefore, intraoperative RFA may be considered as a useful option for patients ineligible to percutaneous RFA and surgical resection, or as a bridge therapy before liver transplantation.

The predictors of sustained virological response with sofosbuvir and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2

( Sung Yong Han ),( Hyun Young Woo ),( Jeong Heo ),( Sang Gyu Park ),( Sung Ik Pyeon ),( Young Joo Park ),( Dong Uk Kim ),( Gwang Ha Kim ),( Hyung Hoi Kim ),( Geun Am Song ),( Mong Cho ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.3

Background/Aims: Real-world, clinical practice data are lacking about sofosbuvir/ ribavirin (SOF/RBV) treatment of Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 (HCV GT2) infection. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of SOF/RBV in Korean patients with HCV GT2 infection and clinical factors predicting sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after the end of SOF/RBV treatment. Methods: A total of 181 patients with HCV GT2 with/without cirrhosis were treated with SOF/RBV for 16/12 weeks. Rapid virological response (RVR) was defined as non-detectable HCV RNA at 4 weeks. Results: The RVR rate was 80.7% (146/181), the end of treatment response rate was 97.8% (177/181) and the SVR12 rate was 92.8% (168/181). Of eight patients with relapse, four did not achieve RVR. Three patients had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multivariable analysis showed that RVR (p = 0.015) and no previous history of HCC (p = 0.007) were associated with SVR12. Factors significantly contributing to RVR included cirrhosis, creatinine concentration, and pre-treatment HCV RNA level. SVR12 rate was significantly higher in RVR (+) than RVR (-) patients (95.2% vs. 82.9%, p = 0.011) and also significantly higher in patients without than with a history of HCC (94.1% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.008). During treatment, 80/181 patients (44.2%) experienced mild to moderate adverse events, with 32 (17.7%) requiring RBV dose reductions due to anemia. Conclusions: SOF/RBV treatment was effective and tolerable in HCV GT2 patients. RVR and no previous history of HCC were positive predictors of SVR12.

Effects of Long-Day Treatment on seed composition and functional substances in Korea Soybean Cultivars

Sang Ik Han,Ki Won Oh,Sea Gyu Lim,Jong Min Ko,In Youl Baek,Keum Yong Park,Min Hee Nam,Hang Won Kang 한국육종학회 2009 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.41 No.1

Comprehensive Immunological Analysis of T Cell Cytokines as Markers of HBV Reactivation in Patients with Hepato

( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Lee ),( Nam Ik Han ),( Sun Hong Yoo ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Jeong Won Jang ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The T cell mediated immunity has a crucial role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation but its underlying mechanism has not been clarified thus far. We aimed to evaluate the association between the various T cell cytokines, regulatory T cells (Treg) and HBV reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 252 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with HCC at Incheon St Mary’s hospital between 2011 and 2012 were enrolled. Of these patients, 50 patients with HBV related HCC who did not receive antiviral therapy were analyzed. We have serially checked 13 serum T cell cytokines (IL-1β, -2, -4, -5, -6, -9, -10, -L-12p7, -13, -17A, -22, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and markers of Treg (CD4, CD25, FOXP3) at baseline, 3 and 7 days after the first cycle of TACE and before the second TACE. The association between each markers and time to HBV reactivation were investigated. Results: Overall, 62% of the patients experienced an episode of HBV reactivation during the median follow-up period of 23.9 months. Reactivation-associated hepatitis developed in 14% of the patients and severe hepatitis in 10%. In univariate analysis, baseline TNFα, HBV DNA and IL-6 before the second TACE were associated with HBV reactivation. Multivariate analysis showed that low baseline TNFα (P=0.037) and high IL-6 before the second TACE (P=0.019) were the independent factors associated with HBV reactivation. Also, a 39.4-948.9 fold-increase in the IL-6 was observed in 4 out of 5 HBV reactivation cases that developed within 4.3 months, whereas no difference was observed except for one case in the non-reactivation group. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the dynamic change in T-cell mediated immunity that causes HBV reactivation during HCC therapy. Low baseline Th1 cytokine TNFα is associated with HBV reactivation, and on-treatment IL-6 may be used as a surrogate marker of HBV reactivation.

Initial Rendezvous Protocol using Multicarrier Operation for Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Networks

( Ik-soo Choi ),( Sang-jo Yoo ),( Myunghwan Seo ),( Chul-hee Han ),( Bongsoo Roh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.6

In cognitive radio technology, the overall efficiency of communications systems can be improved without allocating additional bands by allowing a secondary system to utilize the licensed band when the primary system, which has the right to use the band, does not use it. In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable common channel initialization protocol without any exchange of initialization messages between the cluster head and the member nodes in cognitive ad-hoc networks. In the proposed method, the cluster and member nodes perform channel-based spectrum sensing. After sensing, the cluster head transmits a system activation signal through its available channels with a predetermined angle difference pattern. To detect the cluster head’s transmission channels and to join the cluster, each member node implements fast Fourier transform (FFT) and computes autocorrelation for the angle difference sequence of the received signal patterns. This is compared to the predetermined reference angle difference pattern. The join-request and channel-decision procedures are presented in this paper. Performance evaluation of the proposed method is presented in the simulation results.

Case Report : Tracheal Laceration detected by high end-tidal CO2 during endoscopic thyroidectomy

Han Suk Park,Sang Ik Lee,Hye Won Shin,Sung Uk Choi,Ji Yong Park,Hye Won Lee,Hae Ja Lim,Suk Min Yoon,Seong Ho Chang 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.56 No.6

Endoscopic thyroidectomy is frequently used for cosmetic reasons, such as reducing cervical scarring. Subcutaneous gas insufflation with CO2 is needed to maintain the surgical space, and optimal surgical techniques and careful attention are required when conducting this procedure due to the limited space available for the endoscopic instruments. We report here a case of a tracheal laceration with a tear in the cuff of a reinforced tube, which was detected by an abrupt increase in end-tidal CO2 to 90 mmHg. Reintubation was achieved using a tube exchanger and the patient was effectively ventilated without complications. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56: 703~5)

Free Vibration Analysis of Euler-Bernoulli Beam with Double Cracks

Han-Ik Yoon,In-Soo Son,Sung-Jin Ahn 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.3

In this paper, the influence of two open cracks on the dynamic behavior of a double cracked simply supported beam is investigated both analytically and experimentally. The equation of motion is derived by using the Hamilton’s principle and analyzed by numerical method. The simply supported beam is modeled by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The crack sections are represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting three undamaged beam segments. The influences of the crack depth and the position of each crack on the vibration mode and the natural frequencies of a simply supported beam are analytically clarified for the single and double cracked simply supported beam. The theoretical results are also validated by a comparison with experimental measurements.