Assessment of drinking water quality and its health impact on local community in coastal belt Karachi

Samo, Saleem Raza,Channa, Raja Siraj Ahmed,Mukwana, Kishan Chand Techno-Press 2017 Advances in environmental research Vol.6 No.3

For survival of human beings clean water is an essential commodity whereas contamination in drinking water threatens to mankind. The main cause of water contamination is social and development activities of human being along with increasing population. The community in the study area has acute shortage of drinking water along with about 40 to 60% has no access to safe drinking water. This study indicates drinking water quality of two major sources of coastal belt of Karachi one is supplied by Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) as tap water and the other through groundwater. The physicochemical analysis was carried out by following the standard methods for checking the quality of drinking water. The analyzed results showed that the quality of groundwater was unfit as potable water. The most critical situation was observed as high level of contamination followed by high turbidity and increased salinity levels. TDS in surface water were found 12% above and TDS in groundwater was 20% below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) of Pakistan as well as the permissible WHO drinking water quality guidelines.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF ZnO NANOWIRES IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS VIA WATER BATH METHOD

MUHAMMAD SALEEM,M. ASHFAQ AHMAD,RIZWAN RAZA,S. J. XUE,L. FANG,F. WU,W. J. LI,C. L. XU,L. HU 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.6

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) ¯lms were synthesized at low temperature (95?C) throughamine-assisted solution process and used as photoanode for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solarcells (DSSCs). It was found that with the addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ammoniumhydroxide (NH 4 OH) in growth solution, the NWs were smaller in diameter and longer in lengthby prolonging the growth time without refreshing the growth solution. A reasonable overallconversion e±ciency of 1.25% was achieved with photoanode based on ZnO NWs containing PEIand NH 4 OH. However, DSSC fabricated with ZnO NWs not containing PEI and NH 4 OH showedlow conversion e±ciency of 0.58%. All the DSSCs exhibited almost similar values of open circuitvoltage ( V OC) and ¯ll factor (FF). Interestingly, DSSC based on ZnO NWs with PEI and NH 4 OHobtained two times higher short circuit current density ( J SC) compared to ZnO NWs photoanodewithout PEI and NH 4 OH. The increase in e±ciency and J SC with the length of NWs is attributedto the increase in internal surface area for su±cient dye loading and light harvesting.

Deep Foundation Testing using Immunity-based Displacement Measurement in Successive-Sparse Images

Ali Raza,Umair Aqil,Ummul Baneen,Muhammad Q. Saleem 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.10

This paper presents a new immunity-based approach to measure the displacement of nodes (or points of interest) in successive-yet-sparse images, in order to measure the settlement of deep-foundations under heavy loads. It is developed as a close-range photogrammetric technique to search the nodes, similar to immune-cells searching bacteria in their vicinity. The immunological concepts of chemotaxis, biased random walk, diffusion and inflammation are implemented herein to accomplish the task. The technique greatly reduces the errors and is also validated on site of a mega project to record the settlements in deep foundations. The accuracy levels are found to be conforming to ASTM's standards for static load testing, including both compression and lateral-load tests. Unlike other techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, this approach is able to handle successive-images with varying ΔTbetween them. Furthermore, the technique is completely autonomous and does not require any embedded instrumentation.

Microalgal and cyanobacterial strains used for the bio sorption of copper ions from soil and wastewater and their relative study

Shah Zada,Saleem Raza,Sikandar Khan,Arshad Iqbal,Zhang Kai,Aftab Ahmad,Midrar Ullah,Mohib Kakar,Pengcheng Fu,Haifeng Dong,Zhang Xueji 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.105 No.-

Heavy metals and other organic pollutants are the hazardous materials causing soil and water pollution,hence, bioremediation of these components is a matter of concern for environmental biotechnologists. Twenty one microalgal and cyanobacterial strains were evaluated for removal of copper from aqueoussolutions and soil containing 10 ppm copper. 5 out of 21 strains have shown comparatively higher toleranceto copper stress. The biosorption capabilities of all the five strains were assessed using techniqueslike ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometers, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and confocal Microscopy. It was found that the five selected strainscould grow normally upon incubating with 20 ppm of Cu. Copper removal efficiencies of these microalgae(S. obliquus, A. braunii, C. fusca, L. JSC-1 and C. saccharophila in water were 99.9, 99.3, 97, 96.7, and 96%,while for soil was 73, 75, 71, 70, 68%, respectively. A minor leakage of nucleic acid and protein weredetected with time. Furthermore, no any visible morphological changes were observed after six daysof treatment, while minor changes were noticed after 12 days in water, and severe morphological deformationsoccurred after 24 days of bioremediation in soil. Our findings reveal that the selected microalgalstrains have high potential for Cu bioremediation at certain concentration for 12 days exposure fromwater and 24 from soil.

Evaluation and future predictions of air pollutants level in Karachi city

Mukwana, Kishan Chand,Samo, Saleem Raza,Jakhrani, Abdul Qayoom,Tunio, Muhammad Mureed,Jatoi, Abdul Rehman Techno-Press 2017 Advances in environmental research Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine the present air pollutant concentrations and predicted levels for next 30 years in urban environment of Karachi city. For that, a total of fifty measurements were made for each twenty selected locations of the city. The locations were selected on the basis of land use pattern such as residential, commercial, industrial settlements, open areas, congested traffic and low traffic areas for investigation of air pollutants variability and intensity. The measurements were taken continuously for six months period using PM Meter, Model AEROCET 531 and Ambient Air Quality Meter, Model AAQ 7545. The concentration of air pollutants were found higher at Al Asif Square and Maripur Road due to higher intensity of traffic and at Korangi Crossing because of industrial areas. The level of pollutants was lower at Sea View owing to lower traffic congestion and transportation of pollutants by sea breezes.

Parametric optimization for surface roughness, kerf and MRR in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using Taguchi design of experiment

Adeel Ikram,Nadeem Ahmad Mufti1,Muhammad Qaiser Saleem,Ahmed Raza Khan 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.7

This paper reports the effect and optimization of eight control factors on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness and kerf in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process for tool steel D2. The experimentation is performed under different cutting conditions of wire feed velocity, dielectric pressure, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, open voltage, wire tension and servo voltage by varying the material thickness. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is employed for experimental design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-tonoise (S/N) ratio are used as statistical analyses to identify the significant control factors and to achieve optimum levels respectively. Additionally, linear regression and additive models are developed for surface roughness, kerf and material removal rate (MRR). Results of the confirmatory experiments are found to be in good agreement with those predicted. It has been found that pulse on-time is the most significant factor affecting the surface roughness, kerf and material removal rate.

Rare bleeding disorders: spectrum of disease and clinical manifestations in the Pakistani population

Rafia Mahmood,Asad Mahmood,Maria Khan,Sadia Ali,Saleem Ahmed Khan,Syed Raza Jaffar 대한혈액학회 2020 Blood Research Vol.55 No.3

BackgroundRare inherited coagulation factor deficiencies constitute an important group of bleeding disorders. A higher frequency of these disorders is seen in areas of high consanguinity. Our aim was to study the prevalence and spectrum of rare inherited bleeding disorders, characterize the severity of the deficiencies, identify different clinical manifestations, and evaluate different treatments provided.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, between January 2014 and December 2018. A detailed history was taken, and an examination was performed. The signs and symptoms were noted, and the patients were diagnosed on the basis of a coagulation profile. The disease severity was assessed using factor assays.ResultsAmong 2,516 patients with suspected coagulation disorders, 774 (30.8%) had an in-herited bleeding disorder. Of the 774 patients, 165 (21.3%) had a rare bleeding disorder; 91 (55.2%) of them were males, and 74 (44.9%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. The median patient age was 9 years 3 months. The most common disorder was factor VII deficiency (46 patients, 27.9%). The most common clinical presentation was bruising in 102 (61.8%) and gum bleeding in 91 (55.2%) patients. ConclusionThe most common rare bleeding disorder in our population is factor VII deficiency. The prevalence of these bleeding disorders is high in our population due to a high number of consanguineous marriages.

A review of the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine

Muhammad Ramzan Luhur,Abdul Latif Manganhar,K.H. Solangi,Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani,Kishan Chand Mukwana,Saleem Raza Samo 한국풍공학회 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.22 No.1

The paper presents the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of the modern horizontal axis wind turbine. The study examines the different complexities involved with wind turbine blade aerodynamic performance in open atmosphere and turbine wakes, and highlights the issues which require further investigations. Additionally, the latest concept of smart blades and frequently used wind turbine design analysis tools have also been discussed. The investigation made through this literature survey shows significant progress towards wind turbine aerodynamic performance improvements in general. However, still there are several parameters whose behavior and specific role in regulating the performance of the blades is yet to be elucidated clearly; in particular, the wind turbulence, rotational effects, coupled effect of turbulence and rotation, extreme wind events, formation and life time of the wakes.

A review of the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine

Luhur, Muhammad Ramzan,Manganhar, Abdul Latif,Solangi, K.H.,Jakhrani, Abdul Qayoom,Mukwana, Kishan Chand,Samo, Saleem Raza Techno-Press 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.22 No.1

The paper presents the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of the modern horizontal axis wind turbine. The study examines the different complexities involved with wind turbine blade aerodynamic performance in open atmosphere and turbine wakes, and highlights the issues which require further investigations. Additionally, the latest concept of smart blades and frequently used wind turbine design analysis tools have also been discussed. The investigation made through this literature survey shows significant progress towards wind turbine aerodynamic performance improvements in general. However, still there are several parameters whose behavior and specific role in regulating the performance of the blades is yet to be elucidated clearly; in particular, the wind turbulence, rotational effects, coupled effect of turbulence and rotation, extreme wind events, formation and life time of the wakes.