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Topology-Based Flow-Oriented Adaptive Network Coding-Aware Routing Scheme for VANETs
( Muhammad Azhar Iqbal ),( Bin Dai ),( Muhammad Arshad Islam ),( Muhammad Aleem ),( Nguyen-son Vo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.5
Information theory progression along with the advancements being made in the field of Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) supports the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing for efficient data forwarding. In this work, we propose and investigate an adaptive coding-aware routing scheme in a specific VANET scenario known as a vehicular platoon. Availability of coding opportunities may vary with time and therefore, the accurate identification of available coding opportunities at a specific time is a quite challenging task in the highly dynamic scenario of VANETs. In the proposed approach, while estimating the topology of the network at any time instance, a forwarding vehicle contemplates the composition of multiple unicast data flows to encode the correct data packets that can be decoded successfully at destinations. The results obtained by using OMNeT++ simulator reveal that higher throughput can be achieved with minimum possible packet transmissions through the proposed adaptive coding-aware routing approach. In addition, the proposed adaptive scheme outperforms static transmissions of the encoded packets in terms of coding gain, transmission percentage, and encoded packet transmission. To the best of our knowledge, the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing has not been exploited extensively in available literature with reference to its implications in VANETs.
Vibration of bilayered cylindrical shells with layers of different materials
S. H. Arshad,M. N. Naeem,N. Sultana,Z. Iqbal,A. G. Shah 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.3
In this analysis, a comparative study for natural frequencies of two-layered cylindrical shells was presented with one layer composed of functionally graded material and the other layer of isotropic material. Love’s thin shell theory was exploited for the straindisplacement and curvature-displacement relationships. For governing frequency equations, the Rayleigh-Ritz method was utilized to minimize the Lagrangian functional in the form of an eigenvalue problem. Frequency spectra were computed for long, short, thick, and thin cylindrical shells by varying the nondimensional geometrical parameters, length-to-radius and thickness-to-radius ratios for a simply supported end condition. Influence of different configurations of cylindrical shells on the shell frequencies was studied. For validity, the results obtained were compared with some results of isotropic and single-layered functionally graded cylindrical shells from the literature.
Impact of sulphur and nitrogen application on seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L.
Saif Ahmad,Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazili,Tanweer Alam,Mather Ali Khan,Kamaluddin,Mohd. Iqbal,Malik Zainul Abdin 한국작물학회 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2
Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested (T1=control-without manure and fertilizers, T2=manure @ 9 kg plot-1-10 t ha-1, T3=S0N50 K25P25, T4=S40N50K25P25, T5=S40N100K25P25, T6=S20+20N50+50 K25P25). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phenological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment T4. Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment T4 could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are influenced by S and N assimilation.
Impact of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Seed and Xanthotoxin Yield in Ammi mejus L.
Saif Ahmad,Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazili,Tanweer Alam,Mather Ali Khan,Kamaluddin,Mohd. Iqbal,Malik Zainul Abdin 韓國作物學會 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2
Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested (T1 = control-without manure and fertilizers, T2 = manure @ 9 kg plot-1-10~;t~;ha-1,~;T3=A0N50K25P25,~;T4=S40N50K25P25,~;T5=S40N100K25P25~;T6=S20+20N50+50K25P25) ). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phonological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment T4 . Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment T4 could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are Influenced by S and N assimilation.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Family in Cancer
Riaz, Syeda Kiran,Iqbal, Yasmeen,Malik, Muhammad Faraz Arshad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5
Cancer progression is attained by uncontrolled cell division and metastasis. Increase in tumor size triggers different vascular channel formation to address cell nutritional demands. These channels are responsible for transferring of nutrients and gaseous to the cancer cells. Cancer vascularization is regulated by numerous factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). These factors play an important role during embryonic development. Members included in this group are VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, PIGF and VEGFD which markedly influence cellular growth and apoptosis. Being freely diffusible these proteins act in both autocrine and paracrine fashions. In this review, genetic characterization these molecules and their putative role in cancer staging has been elaborated. Prognostic significance of these molecules along with different stages of cancer has also been summarized. Brief outline of ongoing efforts to target hot spot target sites against these VEGFs and their cognate limitations for therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
Robustness and Performance Parameterization of Smooth Second Order Sliding Mode Control
Imran Khan,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti,Ali Arshad,Qudrat Khan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2016 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.14 No.3
Novel robustness and performance parameters are established for Smooth Super Twisting Algorithm(SSTA). The stability of SSTA is well established for arbitrary gains using homogeneity approach. The designand tuning of the controller parameters is a major issue and no analytic design method is available so far. Anovel Lyapunov function is proposed and by the virtue of stability analysis, the stability bounds for a certain classof uncertainties are determined. In addition, the issue of finite time convergence is also explored, resulting indetermination of the settling time as a function of the controller parameters. The proposed settling time formulationsuggests a methodical approach to SSTA design in contrast to the available rules of thumb. Unlike the literatureavailable for Higher Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) controllers, the proposed design framework is validated againsta challenging problem of the Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process control. Like the other process controlproblems the chosen problem is nonlinear and contains significant uncertainties.
In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects and Antioxidant Potential of <i> Cassia nemophila</i> Pods
Rehman, Gauhar,Hamayun, Muhammad,Iqbal, Amjad,Ul Islam, Saif,Arshad, Saba,Zaman, Khair,Ahmad, Ayaz,Shehzad, Adeeb,Hussain, Anwar,Lee, InJung Hindawi 2018 BioMed research international Vol.2018 No.-
<P>The antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of<I> Cassia nemophila</I> pod (EECNP) was evaluated by three in vitro assays, including yeast glucose uptake assay, glucose adsorption assay, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The result revealed that the extracts have enhanced the uptake of glucose through the plasma membrane of yeast cells. A linear increase in glucose uptake by yeast cells was noticed with gradual increase in the concentration of the test samples. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of the EECNP was directly proportional to the molar concentration of glucose. Also, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the extract was increased to a maximum value of 43.3% at 80 <I>μ</I>g/ml, which was then decreased to 41.9% at 100 <I>μ</I>g/ml. From the results, it was concluded that EECNP possess good antidiabetic and antioxidant properties as shown by in vitro assays.</P>
Impact of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Seed and Xanthotoxin Yield in Ammi majus L.
Ahmad, Saif,Jamal, Arshad,Fazili, Inayat Saleem,Alam, Tanweer,Khan, Mather Ali,Kamaluddin, Kamaluddin,Iqbal, Mohd,Abdin, Malik Zainul The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2
Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested ($T_1$ = control-without manure and fertilizers, $T_2$ = manure @ 9 kg $plot^{-1}-10\;t\;ha^{-1},\;T_3=A_0N_{50}K_{25}P_{25},\;T_4=S_{40}N_{50}K_{25}P_{25},\;T_5=S_{40}N_{100}K_{25}P_{25}\;T_6=S_{20+20}N_{50+50}K_{25}P_{25})$). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phonological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment $T_4$. Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment $T_4$ could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are Influenced by S and N assimilation.
Faisal Aftab,Javaid Iqbal,Amjid Iqbal,Arshad Mahmood,Qaiser Raza 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.4
CdS thin films with different Cu concentrations were grown on glass substrates at room temperature by using the resistive thermal evaporation technique. The effect of Cu doping on the structural, optical and vibrational properties of CdS thin films was investigated. The structural, optical and vibrational analysis was completed using an X-ray diffractrometer and a Raman and a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction data revealed that incorporation of Cu ions improved the crystalline structure but did not change the cubic phase of the CdS thin film with a preferential orientation along the (111) direction. Various optical parameters, like the refractive index, extinction co-efficient, absorption co-efficient, urbach tail energy Ee and optical band gap, were determined by using transmission data at different copper concentrations. The Raman peaks appearing at 299 cm−1 and 592 cm−1 for CdS were attributed to the 1LO and 2LO phonons of cubic CdS, and a shift towards low wavenumber region was observed with increasing Cu concentration.