A review of experimental methods for characterising composite viscosities of continuous fibre-reinforced polymer composites

Wang Jinhuo,Han Yang,Ge Xiaohong,Qi Zhengbing,Zhao Jun,Wang Rongwen,Wu Huawei,Han Taiping,Sun Shaoxun,Wang Hui,Lin Jia,Liu Yuejun,Kong Xiangsong,Chen Qiming,Zeng Xiangxu 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.2

Optimisation design of composite structures requires an accurate predictive model for forming behaviour. The simulation process contains a number of model parameters which include transverse and longitudinal viscosities of continuous fibrereinforced viscous composites, fundamental to predicting the shear rheology. Shearing the unidirectional composite along the fibre direction gives a measure of the longitudinal viscosity (LV), whilst shearing across or transverse to the fibre direction gives a measure of the transverse viscosity (TV). Numerous experimental work was conducted in the past to measure these two viscosities for various materials. However, conflicting measurements by different test methods were obtained and these apparent discrepancies had not yet been systematically investigated in any single study. This paper reviews previous work on characterisation techniques to further understand the cause of such discrepancy, and hence to improve measurement accuracy, which would benefit future work on theoretical modelling of the composite viscosities and optimisation simulation of composites forming. Some important findings, such as effects of resin-rich areas, contributory factors of elastic effects, non-Newtonian behaviour for composites with Newtonian matrix, aspect ratio and end effects of test samples, geometry effects of fibres and fibre rearrangement during shearing, existence of a mathematical relationship between LV and TV and necessary benchmarking exercise using Newtonian matrix composites, were summarised.

Development, characterization, and inheritance of 113 novel EST-SSR markers in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Qi Li,Qingzhi Wang,Mingjun Qi,Jianlong Ge,Rihao Cong 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.3

A total of 113 novel EST-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed in the Pacific oyster (Crassotrea gigas). Polymorphisms of these markers were evaluated in a wild population of 30 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 27 with an average of 6.3, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0 to 0.9667 and from 0.0333 to 0.9701, respectively. Mendelian segregations were tested for 24 of the markers that were polymorphic in one family produced by single-pair mating. Null alleles were discovered at four loci. Nine tests of segregation ratios revealed significant departures from expected Mendelian ratios. As a useful addition to the collection of the microsatellites that are now available for C. gigas, these EST-SSR markers will help the advance in investigation of QTL mapping and genetic diversity in this species.

The Beneficial Effects of Electroacupuncture at PC6 Acupoints (Neiguan) on Myocardial Ischemia in ASIC3 / mice

Ying-Wang,Yi-guo Chen,Wan-shuang Zhao,Di Li,Ya-han Xu,Meng-di Li,Jin Chen,Zhi-jun Kou,Qi-ge Wang,Nsoa dimitri Joseph 사단법인약침학회 2018 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.11 No.3

This study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6to improve myocardial ischemia (MI) by regulating the cardiac transient outward potassiumcurrent channel (Ito). According to the random number table, the mice were dividedinto six groups of six mice each: control group, MI group, PC6, LU7 (Lieque-point), ST36(Zusanli-point), and nonacupoint group. Mice in the control group were injected with saline(20 mg/kg, 24 hours interval), and the other ASIC3 / mice were injected subcutaneouslytwice with isoproterenol (ISO) (20 mg/kg, 24 hours interval). In thepreexperiment, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg of ISO were used, andthe results showed that 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of ISO both could induce acute MI, butshorter duration of sustained MI. On the other hand, an injection of 30 mg/kg can makethe mice experience arrhythmia or die immediately, and EA was operated at PC6, LU7,ST36 acupoints, and nonacupoint in the mice of PC6, LU7, ST36, and nonacupoint groups,respectively, after injecting twice. Then Western blotting techniques (Western Blot) wereused to analyze the protein expressions of Kv1.4, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and KchIP2. The results ofthis experiment showed that the protein expressions of Kv1.4, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and KChIP2 inMI group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01). Comparedwith MI group, the results of PC6, LU7, and ST36 groups obviously increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of PC6 group were higher than LU7 group and ST36 group(p < 0.05). And electrocardiogram’s T-waves showed obvious pathological changes inthe MI group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). After EA, the abnormal T-waves voltage of ECG in PC6, LU7, and ST36 groups was improved (p < 0.05). In addition, therate change of PC6 group was larger than that of both LU7 and ST36 groups (p < 0.05). But the T-waves voltage of the nonacupoint group was not significantly different than thatof the MI group (p > 0.05).

Enhanced separation for paraffin wax using CO2-responsive emulsions based on switchable hydrophilicity solvents

Jie Qi,Xiaojiang Li,Xin Lv,Yang Ge,Jinyu Wang,Hongsheng Lu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.110 No.-

Wax precipitation leads to destructive harms in the exploitation and transportation of petroleum. Solventtreatments can remove paraffin wax easily but the separation of solvent relying on distillation is admittedinefficient. Aiming at enhancing the separation and recovery performance of paraffin wax, CO2-responsive emulsion (SHS/W emulsion) based on switchable hydrophilicity solvents (SHS) is adopted. Since the paraffin wax is dissolved, emulsified, and dispersed by SHS/W emulsion, SHS/W emulsion exhibitsbetter removal performance than SHS. The paraffin wax is recovered effectively upon introducingCO2, which attributes to the transformation of SHS from hydrophobic to hydrophilic state. Comparedwith the SHS system, the recovery of paraffin wax is improved obviously by introducing surfactantSpan80. Owing to the deprotonation of SHS by bubbling N2 and heating, 77.6% SHS is recycled after recoveringparaffin wax. Here, the recycled SHS can be used to realize the removal of paraffin wax again. Thus,it is a promising and alternative strategy for realizing the sustainable and rapid removal of paraffin wax inthe petroleum industry.

Radiotherapy Alone is Associated with Improved Outcomes Over Surgery in the Management of Solitary Plasmacytoma

Li, Qi-Wen,Niu, Shao-Qing,Wang, Han-Yu,Wen, Ge,Li, Yi-Yang,Xia, Yun-Fei,Zhang, Yu-Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Background: A moderate dose of radiation is the recommended treatment for solitary plasmacytoma (SP), but there is controversy over the role of surgery. Our study aimed at comparing different treatment modalities in the management of SP. Materials and Methods: Data from 38 consecutive patients with solitary plasmacytoma, including 16 with bone plasmacytoma and 22 with extramedullary plasmacytoma, were retrospectively reviewed. 15 patients received radiotherapy alone; 11 received surgery alone, and 12 received both. The median radiation dose was 50Gy. All operations were performed as radical resections. Local progression-free survival (LPFS), multiple myeloma-free survival (MMFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and outcomes of different therapies were compared. Results: The median follow-up time was 55 months. 5-year LPFS, MMFS, PFS and OS were 87.0%, 80.9%, 69.8% and 87.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed, compared with surgery alone, radiotherapy alone was associated with significantly higher 5-year LPFS (100% vs 69.3%, p=0.016), MMFS (100% vs 51.4%, p=0.006), PFS (100% vs 33.7%, p=0.0004) and OS (100% vs 70%, p=0.041). Conclusions: Radiotherapy alone can be considered as a more effective treatment for SP over surgery. Whether a combination of radiotherapy and surgery improves outcomes requires further study.

Removal of chloride ions from acidic solution with antimony oxides

Xuewen Wang,Yanping Du,Haoxiang Yang,Shenghui Tian,Qi Ge,Sheng Huang,Mingyu Wang 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

This studyaims to investigate the removal of Cl- from acidic solutionwith antimony oxides. The effects of theadsorbenttype,reaction time,reaction temperature,Sb/Clmole ratio andacidityonadsorptionperformanceand the regeneration of loaded adsorbent were systematically studied. The results shows that Sb2O3 xH2Ohas the highest adsorption rate (97.64%) among Sb2O3 xH2O, Sb2O5 xH2O, Sb2O4 xH2O and Sb2O3 in thesolution containing 1.25 mol/L H2SO4under the condition of Sb/Cl mole ratio 3:1 and stirring for 2 h at roomtemperature, and the concentration of Cl- in the acid solution can be reduced to 280 mg/L. Then the residualSb in the adsorbed solution can be decreased from 48.21 mg/L to 16.09 mg/L by C-SbA which is made bySb2O5 xH2O. The C-SbA which has been used can be reused after calcining at 400 ℃ for 2 h. The loadedadsorbent was completely regenerated by adding it into NaOH or Na2CO3 solution whose pH is equal ormore than 9.5 according to S/L ratio 1:6 g/mL and was stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature. The Cl- in theregenerated solution was crystallized and precipitated in the form of NaCl without evaporation andconcentration according to the common ion effect of Na+, and the purity of NaCl was more than 99%.

Structure and Thermal-enhanced Magnetic Properties of Mn4C Melt-spun Ribbons with Varied Stoichiometry

Ting-Ting Qi,Ping-Zhan Si,Fang Cheng,Zhi-Rui Wang,Hong-Liang Ge,Qiong Wu,Jihoon Park,Chul-Jin Choi 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.1

Cubic perovskite-type Mn4C is difficult to prepare for its metastable characteristics. In this work, we have obtained high-purity Mn4C successfully by using melt-spinning method. The effects of stoichiometry on the structure and magnetic properties of the samples were studied systematically. We found that x = -0.1 is the optimum composition for the formation of the cubic perovskite phase in Mn4+xC during rapid quenching. Most Mn4+xC melt-spun ribbons with x other than -0.1 are composed of Mn23C6, α-Mn, and Mn4C, while the fraction of different phase in Mn4+xC ribbons varies with x. The Curie temperature of Mn4+xC ribbons increases slightly with decreasing x, which may affect the lattice parameters of cubic Mn4C and thus the Mn-Mn exchange interactions. The magnetization of Mn4+xC (x = -0.1 and 0) increases with increasing temperature in high-temperature region while the onset temperature for such behavior is dependent on the fraction of Mn4C in the samples.

Improved Pupil-Size Diversity Technology for High-Resolution Imaging with Faint Objects

Xinxin Yang,Ge Ren,Haotong Ma,Qi Peng,Yufeng Tan,Jihong Wang 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.1

Phase aberration is one of the prime factors that degrade the quality of observed images. Pupil-size diversity technology (PSDT) is a newly developed post-processing method for aberration correction and image reconstruction. However, images reconstructed using PSDT suffer from massive grains when imaging astronomical faint objects, which extremely limits its further application. In this paper, we propose an improved PSDT with embedded denoising reprocessing to overcome this drawback. Diversity raw images, generated by modulating the size of the pupil, are firstly processed by blocking-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D), a state-of-art denoising algorithm. Then, the traditional PSDT can be employed to estimate the wavefront and reconstruct a high-resolution image. Both numerical simulations and experiment demonstrations show that our proposed strategy exhibits superior performance for aberrations correction and image restoration of faint objects in view of its efficiency and robustness. Being capable of realizing high-resolution imaging with faint objects, this proposed method may have important application prospects in the fields of astronomical object detection, remote sensing, \textit{etc.}

Function of Global Regulator CodY in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171 by Comparative Proteomic Analysis

( Ming Xia Qi ),( Fei Mei ),( Hui Wang ),( Ming Sun ),( Ge Jiao Wang ),( Ziniu Yu ),( Yeon Ho Je ),( Ming Shun Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

CodY is a highly conserved protein in low G+C gram-positive bacteria that regulates genes involved in sporulation and stationary-phase adaptation. Bacillus thuringiensis is a grampositive bacterium that forms spores and parasporal crystals during the stationary phase. To our knowledge, the regulatory mechanism of CodY in B. thuringiensis is unknown. To study the function of CodY protein in B. thuringiensis, BMB171codY- was constructed in a BMB171 strain. A shuttle vector containing the ORF of cry1Ac10 was transformed into BMB171 and BMB171codY-, named BMB171cry1Ac and BMB171codY-cry1Ac, respectively. Some morphological and physiological changes of codY mutant BMB171codY-cry1Ac were observed. A comparative proteomic analysis was conducted for both BMB171codY-cry1Ac and BMB171cry1Ac through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that the proteins regulated by CodY are involved in microbial metabolism, including branched-chain amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we found CodY to be involved in sporulation, biosynthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, growth, genetic competence, and translation. According to the analysis of differentially expressed proteins, and physiological characterization of the codY mutant, we performed bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments and confirmed the direct regulation of genes by CodY, specifically those involved in metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, ribosomal recycling factor FRR, and the late competence protein ComER. Our data establish the foundation for in-depth study of the regulation of CodY in B. thuringiensis, and also offer a potential biocatalyst for functions of CodY in other bacteria.

Chemical processing of water-soluble species and formation of secondary organic aerosol in fogs

Kim, Hwajin,Collier, Sonya,Ge, Xinlei,Xu, Jianzhong,Sun, Yele,Jiang, Wenqing,Wang, Youliang,Herckes, Pierre,Zhang, Qi Elsevier 2019 Atmospheric environment Vol.200 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A field study on fog chemistry and aqueous-phase processing of aerosol particles was conducted in Fresno, California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) during wintertime. Fog droplets were collected while interstitial submicron aerosol was characterized in real time using a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS). The fog samples were later analyzed using HR-AMS, ion chromatography (IC), and total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). Compared to interstitial aerosol, dissolved solutes in fog waters were composed of higher fractions of ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, methanesulfonic acid, and oxygenated organic compounds, likely due to aqueous formation of secondary species as well as enhanced gas-to-particle partitioning of water-soluble gases under humid conditions. The low-volatility dissolved organic matter in fog water (F-OA) was moderately oxidized with an average oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio of 0.42. The chemical composition of F-OA appeared to be overall similar to that of oxygenated organic component in interstitial aerosol (OOA) and the HR-AMS mass spectra of F-OA and OOA are highly similar (r<SUP>2</SUP> > 0.95). However, there are also significant chemical differences as F-OA appeared to contain a larger fraction of carboxylic functional groups than OOA, indicating enhanced organic acid formation through aqueous-phase reactions. In addition, F-OA was composed of substantially more nitrogen-containing compounds, with an average N/C ratio ∼4 times that of OOA. Most strikingly was that the F-OA spectra showed substantial enhancements of the C<SUB>x</SUB>H<SUB>y</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> (x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0) ions, which were likely contributed by imidazole- and/or pyrazine-based compounds formed from the aqueous reactions of aldehydes with amino compounds. The results of this study demonstrated that aqueous reactions in atmospheric droplets can significantly modify aerosol composition and contribute to the formation of oxygenated and nitrogen-containing organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles. This finding is important for understanding aerosol's effects on human health, air quality, and climate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HR-AMS study of fog processing of PM1 in San Joaquin Valley of CA during winter. </LI> <LI> Fog waters are enriched of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species. </LI> <LI> Organic residuals in fog waters (FOM) is moderately oxidized (average O/C = 0.42). </LI> <LI> FOM has more abundant carboxylic acid and organic nitrogen compounds than OOA. </LI> <LI> This is evidence for forming imidazole- or pyrazine-based compounds in fog waters. </LI> </UL> </P>