Improved Adhesion of Metal Electrode Layer on Si₃N₄ Substrate through an All-Wet Process

Kim, Danbi,Eom, Nu Si A,Kim, Jiwon,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Park, Sung Heum,Lee, Ju Ho,Chao, Yong-Ho,Lim, Jae-Hong Electrochemical Society 2019 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.8 No.2

<P>Electroless deposition requires preliminary surface treatment to effectively adsorb a metal electrode layer onto a ceramic substrate. Herein, a simple surface treatment using an all-wet process was performed to achieve adhesion stability between a Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrate and Ni film. The method involved deposition of an interfacial Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> buffer between the two layers. Surface pretreatment via silanization was initially performed to improve surface wettability, thereby enhancing uniform deposition of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Subsequently, a thin Ni layer was directly deposited onto the Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer without necessitating sensitization or activation. The synthesized Ni/Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> heat sink exhibited excellent adhesion property in the cross-hatch, scratch, and thermal shock tests. The mechanism of adhesion enhancement involved chemical bonding of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with the self-assembled monolayer on the substrate and reduced internal stress due to removal of residual hydrogen between the layers of the heat sink. Thus, the fabricated heat sink has a promising application in electronic devices operated at high temperatures.</P>

노안수술후 각막형태검사 변화

박근성,고길환,김용선,이재림,민병무,최시환 충남대학교 의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.2

We prospectively analyzed the corneal topography of 26 eyes in 26 patients who had undergone scleral expansion for correcting presbyopia. We examined 26 eyes of 26 patients which were devided into 2 groups (mean age: 51 years, range 40-60 years) according to type of scleral expansion band, with computerized corneal topographic analysis system. Preoperatively and 5 times postoperatively (1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1month, 2months), quantitative descriptors of corneal topograpgy such as Sim K (simulated keratometry value), SRI(surface regularity index), and SAI(surface asymmetry index) were measured at each visit. The mean follow-up period was 43 days. Sim K of the operative eyes ranged from 0 to 2.5 (mean, 0.93) before operation, and mean 2.24 at postoperative 1 day in group Ⅰ. In group Ⅱ, Sim K was mean 2.20 at postoperative 1 day and decreased thereafter. SRI was from 0.54 to 1.39 and SAI was from 0.09 to 0.45 before operation. After operation, mean SAI was maximum at postoperative 2 week and mean SRI was maximum at postoperative 1 day and decreased thereafter. After two months, it became minimum. This study demonstrates that quantitative topographic change after scleral expansion for correcting presbyopia were great during first 1 week after surgery but this change diminished thereafter. Further long studies are in progress to evaluate the long term effects of this procedure.

유전의 우성과 열성에 대한 중-고등학생과 교사의 오개념 분석

박시호,권영식,이길재 韓國敎員大學校 敎育硏究院 2009 敎員敎育 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 제7차 교육과정이 적용되고 있는 중학교 3학년,고등학교 3학년 그리고 교사를 대상으로 우성과 열성,불완전 우성,완전 우성,공우성에 대한 개념에서 나타나는 오개념을 알아보고자 하였다. 중학교 3학년 264명,고등학교 자연계열 3학년 학생 103명,생물 교사 53명의 응답을 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과에 따르면,특히,학생과 교사 모두 우성은 '열성을 억제하고 표현되는 형질이다.' 열성에 대해 학생들은 '부모로부터 유전자를 전달받지 못하여 나타난다.’라는 오개념 비율이 높게 나타났다. 둘째,중학생의 24.4%, 고등학생의 19.4%가 '교배 결과 많이 출현하는 형질이 우성이다.’라는 오개념을 가지고 있었다. 셋째,중학생의 48.1%. 고등학생의 36.9%가 '열성은 생활에 불리하거나 우성이 우수한 형질이다.’라는 오개념을 가지고 있었다. 넷째,완전 우성,불완전 우성,공우성에 대해 교사와 학생 모두 높은 비율의 오개념을 가지고 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 교사는 교육을 실행하는 동안 '우성이 열성을 지배한다’ '억제한다’ '누른다’ 등의 표현은 사용하지 않는 것이 타당할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 개체 수준의 전달 유전과 분자 수준의 형질 발현과정을 통합하는 수업전략이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the misconceptions of definition of dominance and recessive traits, law of dominance, incomplete dominance and codominance which middle and high school students and teachers have. For this purpose, we analyzed a questionnaire of 103 natural science students in the third grade and 264 middle school students in the third grade and 53 biology teachers. According to the results of analyzing the questionnaires, most of the students and teachers had various misconceptions on the concepts of dominance. Expecially, They had the misconception that 'dominance is controls completely recessive and then it is expressed' and the students about recessive characteristic shows because of gene isn't handed down from parents to progeny. Second, 24.4% of middle school students and 19.4% of high school students had the misconceptions many expressed trait is dominance. Third, 48.1% of middle school students and 36.9% of high school students had the misconceptions the recessive characteristic have a disadvantage in life or the dominance is predominance characteristics. Fourth, most of the students and teachers had very high misconceptions on complete dominance, incomplete dominance and codominance. According to this study, such expressions as 'dominant characteristics governs, controls, or suppresses recessive characteristics,' don't have to use in lessons of gene. Lessons for middle and high school students need to integrate transmission heredity at the object level and the process of characteristics expression at the molecular level.

법랑질 형성 부전증에 관한 증례 보고

박종하,김재곤,백병주,허선,이영수 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

본병원 소아치과에 내원한 유치와 영구치 모두에 법량질 형성 부전증을 가지고 있는 환자에 대해 교합면의 마모를 방지하여 교합고경을 유지하기 위해 유구치부 stainless steel crown 및 맹출 중인 제 1대구치에 sealant, 전치아에 걸쳐서 주기적인 불소도포를 이용해 치료하여 양호한 결과를 얻었다. Amelogenesis imperfcta is a group of hereditary defects of enamel unassociated with any other generalized defects. The prevalence of this condition has been estimated to range from l in 14.000 to l in 16.000. depending on the population sudied. It may be differentiated into three general types: hypoplastic, hypocalcified. and hypomaturation. depending on the clinical presentation of defects and the likely stage of enamel formation that is primarily affected. The dentin and root are usually normal. but the enamel may lack the normal prismatic structure, being laminated throughout its thickness or at the periphery, with the result that these teeth are more resistant to decay. This case is that of an six-year-old girl brought to the pediatric dentistry department by her parents for esthetic reasons and also because of slight dental sensitivity. Clinical and radiographic examinations confirmed amelogenesis imperfecta. The author has treated with the crowning of the primary molars, using prefomed NICr crowns and periodic and periodic fluoride application on whole dentition.

웹기반의 가축전염병 발생자료 관리시스템(AIMS) 개발

박병호,김석재,황인진,김시동,남향미,위성환 한국농업정보과학회 2003 농업정보과학 Vol.4 No.1

The AIMS(Anima1 Infectious Disease Data Management System) was developed to collect and analyze data on animal infectious disease outbreak (62 diseases). When an animal infectious disease is confirmed at a diagnostic laboratory, the disease outbreak is then reported to the regional government through AIMS. After the regional government confirms the number of animals infected or dead, outbreak date and etc, this information is reported to the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry and the National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service through AIMS. The AIMS analyzes the outbreak data and reports the outbreak statistics by region, month and year to them. In addition, the AIMS can identify the farm where there was an outbreak of the animal infectious disease. There are four user roles : 1) Administrator, responsible for the overall operation of the system. 2) Inspector, responsible for confirmation of the animal infectious disease outbreak. 3) Pathologist, responsible for input to an animal infectious disease at first. 4) Gallery, only able to read the outbreak statistics. The AIMS has been implemented using the ASP technology and is operated on the web to allow easy access. The data, middle and presentation tier are based on MS-SQL 2000 server, Microsoft transaction server and Internet Explorer, respectively. The database's stored procedure was used to improve the performance. In addition to above software, the dextupload software is used to upload the files. By using the AIMS, a more accurate statistics for the animal infectious disease outbreak is expected.

국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 아스페르길루스증의 구제치료로서 Voriconazole의 효과와 안전성

권재철,김시현,최수미,최재기,이동건,박선희,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. We investigated the efficacy and safety of voriconazole (VCZ) when used as salvage therapy for IA in Korean adults with hematologic malignancies who had not responded to prior antifungal therapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data, collected from January 2007 to October 2008, from patients with proven or probable cases of IA. All were probable IA cases, except for one proven case. All cases were refractory or intolerant to antifungal therapy prior to administration of VCZ. Efficacy and safety were assessed in patients treated with VCZ for more than 3 days and for more than one dose, respectively. A favorable response [complete (CR) or partial (PR)] was defined by significant improvement of all clinical symptoms, signs, and radiologic abnormalities. Results: Fifty patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 27 male and 23 female patients with mean age of 44.4 years (range, 15-65 years). Underlying diseases were acute leukemia (35 cases), chronic myelogenous leukemia (4 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (3 cases), lymphoma (3 cases) and other hematologic diseases (5 cases). Twenty-two patients had received chemotherapy and 13 patients had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The lung was the main infection site (94%) followed by the sinus (6%). Amphotericin B deoxycholate alone was the most frequent previous antifungal therapy. The mean duration of antifungal therapy prior to VCZ therapy was 13.9±8.8 days (2-44 days). The median duration of VCZ therapy was 19 days (interquartile range, 49 days). Sixteen patients (32.0%) showed favorable responses (CR:PR=8:8) at the end of VCZ therapy. The numbers of patients with stable disease, progression and death were, 6 (12%), 6 (12%) and 22 (44%) respectively. Most of those with unfavorable responses had relapsed underlying malignancies or refractory graft versus host diseases. Twelve patients developed drug-related adverse events but only one patient stopped VCZ treatment prematurely. Conclusions: VCZ demonstrated an acceptable level of toxicity in patients with hematologic malignancies but further studies are required to prove its efficacy as salvage therapy.

오옥신의 종류 및 농도가 가이즈까 향나무의 삽목 발근에 미치는 영향

윤재길,송시호,박상현 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2001 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.14 No.-

Effects of auxin and Rootone on the rooting of Juniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka cutting were investigated to improve propagation efficiency. When Rootone treated, rooting was 100% compared with the control, 33%. IBA 200ppm 1h and NAA 100ppm 12h improved evidently rooting, 93% and 90%, respectively. Root fresh weight increased up to 131mg by Rootone. NAA 200ppm 12h, NAA 500ppm 1h, and IBA 200ppm 1h were also very effective to root fresh weight more than 110mg. Shoot growth(height, fresh weight and dry weight) did not increase largely, but increased a little. Dipping into high concentration auxin solution for 1min increased rooting rate and root fresh weight, but was less effective than low concentration treatment. Shoot growth did not increase largely, but increased a little. These results indicate that Rootone and IBA 200ppm 1h are most effective for improvement of rooting in Juniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka cutting.

흰쥐에서 심정지후 Pentoxifylline이 뇌의 허혈-재관류 손상에 미치는 효과

정시경,김영민,오동렬,최경호,박승현,이운정,박규남,유은영,이원재,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Two major events occurring in the cerebral hemodynamics after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest are reactive hyperemia and postischemic hypoperfusion. In this study, we examined the effect of Pentoxifylline(PTX) on the rat brain following cardiac arrest. Methods: Fourteen rats were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. Cardiac arrest was produced by chest compression and clamping of tracheal tube for 3 minutes in ketamine anesthetized rats. Circulation was restored by standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods. In 7 rats, PTX 10mg/kg was infused at 10min after cardiac arrest(PTX group). In the other 7 rats, same amount of normal saline was infused(control group). Results: In both groups, hemodynamic variables, neurologic deficit(ND) score and histopathologic findings of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed. Hemodynamic variables and ND score were not significantly different between two groups. Delayed ischemic neurons of hippocampal CA1 were decreased in PTX group(2.2±2.4%) compared with control group(9.1±1.2%). Conclusions: We conclude that PTX prevented development of delayed ischemic neurons in hippocampal CA1 after cardiac arrest. PTX may be useful in emergency situations following cardiac arrest.

공기청정 겸용 전열교환 환기유니트 적용시 실내공기환경 CFD 시뮬레이션

이정재,이시환,김용경,박성관 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.3

Recently, indoor air pollution problem is happening in apartment housing due to the use of new building materials that emit poisonous chemical such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Formaldehyde (HCHO) etc. Therefore, the issues about security of healthy dwelling environment is becoming important. There are the methods to reduce indoor air contaminant. First, source control which is the method to control the emission of contaminant from building materials. Second, adopting the air cleaning and ventilation system which is the method to dilute the concentration of contaminant and exhaust the contaminant to outside of the building quickly. In this research, we evaluated the improvement effect of the indoor air quality quantitatively by using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation on the assumption that air cleaning and ventilation system is installed.

마리오 보타의 단독주택에 나타난 보이드의 유형과 그 건축적 의미에 관한 연구

윤재희,박시영 광주대학교 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-

이 논문은 현대건축의 혼란한 상황 속에서 자신의 빛깔을 잃지 않고 지역성을 바탕으로 건축활동을 전개하는 건축가 마리오 보타의 단독주택에서 건축적 형태와 공간을 구성하는데 중요한 건축어휘로 나타나고 있는 보이드(Void)에 주목하여 이를 유형별로 분류하고 그것들의 특성들을 파악하여, 보이드가 지닌 형태적 의미와 공간적 의미를 연구한 것이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다 : 1) 보이드는 보이드 자체를 감싸주는 외피의 존재유무에 따라 폐쇄형(제1유형)과 개방형(제2유형) 등 2가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있다. 2) 이러한 보이드는 유형별로 외피의 역할, 입면에 있어서 좌우대칭의 형성 역할을 담당하고 있다. 3) 보이드는 유형별로 평면상으로 주택의 정면중앙부에 위치하고 있으며 주택 배면의 계단실과 마주보고 배치되어 있는데, 주변환경에 대한 조망, 내부공간으로의 빛의 유입, 외부에서 내부로의 전이적 공간의 형성 등에 이바지하고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 국내에서는 연구가 전무한 건축가 마리오 보타에 대한 실질적인 이해와 접근을 제공할 것이다. In the single family houses by Mario Botta, the architectural language, "void" is an important vocabulary in architectural form and space. In this study, I will analyse the void, which can be seen in the single family houses by Botta. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The void, which is seen in Mario Bottas single family house, is an important architectural vocabulary in constituting the form and space of house. This specific architectural language appears in every 16 single family houses. 2) According to the existence of an outside envelope, it is possible to classify the void in two groups, i.e. the closed type and the open type. 3) This voids contribute to form the exterior skin and the symmetry in the facade. 4) The void in the plan is located in the center of the front of the house, and it was also at a confronting relation with the staircase. It also functioned the vista into the surrounding environments, introduction of light into interior space, and formation of transition exterior into interior.