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Na<sub>2</sub>S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
혈액투석중인 말기신부전 환자에서 Fludrocortisone acetate (FCA) 투여 후 혈청 칼륨 저하 효과
류봉관,강대웅,정지용,윤나라,신병철,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1
Background: Hyperkalemia is a commonly encountered problem in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of mineralocorticoid therapy (fludrocortisono acetate) on serum potassium level in the serum of hyperkalemic end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: Fourteen patients on hemodialysis receiving fludrocortisone acetate (FCA) 0.1 mg/day were observed for 2 months periods. Consecutive monthly biochemical profiles were compared for the druration of the pre-and post-treatment of FCA. Result: Fourteen patients with mean age (±SE) of 51.5 years (4 males and 10 females) and mean hemodialysis period of 51.9 months were studied. Mean serum potassium levels significantly fell (p<0.05) during the post-FCA period (5.2±0.66 mEq/L) compared with potassium levels during the pre-FCA (5.8±0.43 mEq/L) period. Pre-and post-FCA values were not different for sodium, chloride, protein, albumin, AST/ALT, glucose, blood nitrogen, creatinine, phosphate and calcium. Conclusions: FCA appears to decrease serum potassium value in patients with end-stage renal disease. These results suggested that FCA could be effective to treat hyperkalemia without any adverse effect in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
강대웅,정지용,윤나라,안치용,김종오,신병철,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2
Background: Some cases of QT interval, corrected QT interval (QTc), QT dispersion (QTd) and corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) have been reported in ESRD, but these results are variable and the influence of a hemodialysis is still controversial, In this study, we investigated the effect of hemodialysis on QT and QTc interval and QT and QTc dispersion in patients with ESRD 15 min before and 15 minute after each hemodialysis. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with ESRD (men 33 & women 34) on three-times stable hemodialysis (>3 months) were randomly enrolled. Fifty control subjects with a similar age and normal renal function were enrolled from this hospital. Routine biochemical studies were measured pre- and post dialysis, at the time of the ECG. Plasma Na+, K+, BUN, creatinine, ionized calcium and phosphate were checked. Twelve-lead electrocardiographs were performed at 10㎜/mv and 50㎜/s using a HewIett-Packard Pagewriter 100, before and after a single hemodialysis session.The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. If the end of the T wave was not clear in a particular lead then it was excluded from analysis. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave was taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Each QT interval was corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula (QTc==QT/√(RR)) (ms). The difference between maximal and minimal QT interval duration was defined as QT dispersion (QTd) in each of the 12 leads. Result: This study demonstrates that QT, QTd, QTcd is higher in hemodialysis patients compared with control subjects, and QT and QTd rise postdialysis to levels comparable to those seen acutely following myocardial infarction, when patients are at greatly increased risk of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias, Conclusions: QT interval and QT dispersion, markers of risk for arrhythmias and sudden death, are elevated in hemodialysis patients, and rise postdialysis. QT interval and QT dispersion is an easily obtainable, noninvasive, simple, inexpensive, and widely available method of risk stratification in uremic patients receiving chronic dialysis. Additional studies are needed to clarity whether increased postdialysis QT dispersion results in an increased occurrence of arrhythmias.
하이퍼 파라미터 최적화 기법을 적용한 이상 거래 탐지 시스템
이원준(Won-Joon Lee),서민혜(Min-Hye Seo),신나라(Na-Ra Shin) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
This paper proposes new Fraud Detection System with Hyper-parameter Optimization to develop for the limitations of existing FDS. We use Hyper-parmeter Optimization Algorithm that Naïve Evolution Algorithm(based Genetic Algorithm) and Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Algorithm(based Bayesian Optimization Algorithm). The main result of this study is TPE Algorithm shows better AUPRC values in less time than the Naïve Evolution Algorithm on two FDS Data Sets. The contribution of this paper is the improvement of FDS with HPO algorithm.
Removal of miniplates following facial trauma and orthognathic surgery: a 3-year study
Na-Ra Shin,오지수,신상훈,김수관 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2018 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.42 No.4
The purpose of this study was to determine the cause and risk factors of removing bone plateby investigating and analyzing 359 patientswho underwent reduction of fracture or orthognathic surgery with bone plate insertion over the past 3 years. Patients were evaluatedwith respect to age, smoking status, reason for insertion of plates, the numbers of inserted plates, sites of insertion, time betweeninsertion and removal, reasons for removal of plates. The removal rate of bone plates was 33.1%. Of these, 17.0% of patients had clinicalsymptoms which led to remove plates. The removal rate of men was 29.9% and the rate of women was 39.2%. There were high removalrates from less than 20s (45.8%) and 20s (34.4%) those who are relatively young age group. On the other hand people in their 50s hada removal rate of 27.8% which was higher than those in their 60s with a rate of 20.7%. The removal rate of bone plate inserted into themandible was 33.5%, and the removal rate of bone plate inserted into the maxilla was 34.7%. The mean period between the insertionand removal of bone plate was 10.9 months. The main reason for the removal of bone plate was the patient's requirement (44.5%). Themost common cause of clinical symptoms was infection (22.7%). Infection was manifested within about a year and led to the platebeing removed. Therefore, lowering the possibility of infection after surgery could decrease the removal rate of bone plate.
Expression of Gpnmb in NK Cell Development from Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Shin, Na-Ra,Lee, Ji-Won,Lee, Ji-Won,Jeong, Mi-Ra,Kim, Mi-Sun,Lee, Suk-Hyung,Yoon, Suk-Ran,Chung, Jin-Woong,Kim, Tae-Don,Choi, In-Pyo The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2008 Immune Network Vol.8 No.2
Background: Molecular mechanisms of natural killer (NK) cell development from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been clearly elucidated, although the roles of some genes in NK cell development have been reported previously. Thus, searching for molecules and genes related NK cell developmental stage is important to understand the molecular events of NK cell development. Methods: From our previous SAGE data-base, Gpnmb (Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) was selected for further analysis. We confirmed the level of mRNA and protein of Gpnmb through RT-PCR, quantitative PCR, and FACS analysis. Then we performed cell-based ELISA and FACS analysis, to know whether there are some molecules which can bind to Gpnmb. Using neutralizing antibody, we blocked the interaction between NK cells and OP9 cells, and checked IFN-${\gamma}$ production by ELISA kit. Results: Gpnmb expression was elevated during in vitro developmental stage and bound to OP9 cells, but not to NK precursor cells. In addition, we confirmed that the levels of Gpnmb were increased at NK precursor stage in vivo. We confirmed syndecan4 as a candidate of Gpnmb's binding molecule. When the interaction between NK cells and OP9 cells were inhibited in vitro, IFN-${\gamma}$ production from NK cells were reduced. Conclusion: Based on these observations, it is concluded that Gpnmb has a potential role in NK cell development from HSCs.
( Na Ra Shin ),( Hyun Suk Kim ),( Hyo Jin Kim ),( Mi Yeun Han ),( Sun Hwa Lee ),( Hyung Ah Jo ),( Huh Hyuk ),( Ho Jun Chin ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.3
Background/Aims: We analyzed chronological changes in hemoglobin accordingto renal function changes over a 5-year follow-up period. Methods: We enrolled 5,266 adults with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60mL/min/1.73 m2 at an initial examination at a routine health check-up; a follow-up examination was conducted 5 years later. We categorized the subjects accordingto GFR ratio (groups 1, 2, and 3, defined as GFRratio ≥ 1.00, 0.75 to 0.99,and < 0.75, respectively). Results: The mean hemoglobin level in subjects with a GFR of 60 to 74 was higherthan in those with a GFR of 75 to 89 or ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the initial examination(all p < 0.001). Among females and males, the frequencies of increasedhemoglobin were 46.8% and 40.6% in the GFRratio group 1, 52.4% and 46.1% ingroup 2, and 59.6% and 52.5% in group 3 over the 5-year period, respectively (allp < 0.001). With multiple logistic regression, group 3 showed 1.594-fold (95% confidenceinterval [CI], 1.127 to 2.225) and 1.353-fold (95% CI, 1.000 to 1.830) higherlikelihoods of increased hemoglobin over the 5-year follow-up period in femalesand males, respectively. The estimated difference in hemoglobin level was highestin group 3 in both genders. These findings were more evident in subgroupswithout metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or GFR less than90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusions: Among a population with GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, a mild decreasein GFR over a 5-year follow-up period was associated with an increase inhemoglobin levels.