경주국립공원 문화재지정구역의 귀화식물 현황 및 관리방안

윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이창현 ( Chang Hyun Lee ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.4

경주국립공원 문화재지정구역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 총 14과 40속 45종 1변종 등 총 46분류군을 확인하였다. 귀화식물을 유형별로 구별해보면, 생활형은 1년생 초본이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 다년생 초본이 16분류군 (34.8%), 2년생 초본이 11분류군(23.9%), 목본이 2분류군(4.3%)로 나타났다. 원산지 별로는 유럽이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 북아메리카에서 이입된 종이 16분류군(34.8%)으로 나타났다. 또한 귀화도는 3등급이 18분류군(40.9%)으로 가장 높다. 귀화식물 321분류군에 대한 본 연구대상지의 도시화 지수는 14.3%이며, 지구별 도시화 지수는 남산지구가 8.1%로 가장 높다. 경주국립공원은 사적형 공원으로 문화재가 매우 중요하나, 문화재 주변의식재 및 관리 또한 중요하다. 따라서 귀화식물의 경우 장기적인 모니터링과 생태적인 특성을 파악하여 체계적인 관리방안이 요구된다. The naturalized plant species in Gyeongju National Park was summarized as 46taxa including 14 families 40 genus 45 species 1 varieties. Among them, annual herbaceous species was 17taxa (37%) which is grouped as the biggest proportion and 16taxa (34.8%) for perennial herbaceous species and 11taxa (23.9%) for biannual herbaceous species and 2taxa (4.3%) for tree species. European origin was the biggest proportion as 17taxa (37%), and 16% (34.8%) from North America. The degree of naturalization (DoN) was the biggest for Degree III, V as 18taxa (39.1%). Regarding 321 naturalized plant species, the Urbanization Index in the studied area was 14.3%. The Namsam District showed 8.1% which is the highest DoN in the studied districts within the Gyeongju National Park. As the cultural properties is important in the Gyeongju National Park as a representatives for historical sites in Korea, planting and its management in the cultural properties is important tasks. The naturalized plant species in the studied area should be reasonably management.

척수 외상의 자기공명영상 및 신경학적 소견 : Delayed MR Image and Correlated Neurology

박용규,정진명,김은상,김재일,송해룡,한종우,신형진 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.11

19 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries and associated neurological deficit were examined by delayed(> 1 month) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), the result of which were correlated with neurologic and somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP) findings. 5 different MRI patterns were observed in these patients : (1) normal signal intensity(SI) on T1-and T2-weighted images(WI)(pattern N/N, n=6), (2) normal SI on T1-WI and high SI on T2-WI(pattern N/Hi, n=3). (3) low SI on T1-WI and high SI on T2-WI(pattern Lo/Hi, n=6), (4) syrinx(n=2), and (5) cord transection(n=2). The neurologic state was determined using Frankel's classification at admission and MRI time. Pattern N/Hi had best neurologic state except pattern N/N, and pattern Lo/Hi showed worst prognosis except pattern transection. SSEP findings relatively well correlated with neurologic findings, but did not exactly. The cause is probably that SSEP shows predominantly the function of ascending sensory systems of the cord, do not reveal motor pathways, directly or indirectly.

구강 내 디지털 인상채득을 통한 맞춤형 지대주와 시멘트 합착 후 나사형 임플란트 보철 수복 증례

홍용신,박은진,김선종,김명래,허성주,박지만 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.1

최근 디지털 인상채득 시스템이 개발되면서 이를 기존의 CAD/CAM 시스템과 접목한 인레이, 온레이, 크라운이나 간단한 계속가공의치 등의 고정성 보철물의 제작이 활발히 소개되고 있다. 그러나 임플란트 보철에서는 주로 기존의 아날로그식 인상채득 후 이를 스캔하여 제작하는 방법이 사용되어 왔으나, 구강 내 디지털 스캔한 데이터를 이용하여 나사형 보철물을 제작하는 술식은 아직 활발히 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 증례보고에서는 6명의 환자를 대상으로 구강 내 스캐너인 iTero를 사용하여 디지털 스캔을 시행한 후 그중 다섯명은 맞춤형 지대주와 시멘트 합착 후 나사형 임플란트 보철물(screw-retained implant prosthesis after cementation, or SCRP)을 제작하였고, 임상적으로 기능과 심미적인 측면으로 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다. Fixed dental prostheses such as inlay, onlay, crown, and bridge fabricated by CAD/CAM technique combined with digital impressions is getting popular due to the recent rapid progress of digital impression taking system. For the scope of implant prosthesis, however, digital intra-oral scan hasn’t been actively utilized for the fabrication of superstructures. In this case report, 6 cases of titanium-milled custom abutment based on the iTero intra-oral scan data were introduced, five of them were restored with screw-type prosthesis after cementation (SCRP) and the clinical results were satisfactory on restoring the function and esthetics.

슬관절 골관절염 증상이 환자에게 미치는 우울 효과

박영규,이윤영,이계우,김정아,윤도경,박승회,조경환,홍명호,박용규 대한노인병학회 2001 대한노인병학회지 Vol.5 No.4

출산율 및 피임수용에 작용하는 가족계획외적 요인에 관한 분석연구

朴相潤,李明淑,廉容泰 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.3

Most developing countries are attempting to control their rapid population growths by decreasing their fertility rates through family planning services. Many researchers have shown that fertility rates are affected mostly by economic level. social modernization. and family planning service. However, there has been little work to see which of these factors are actually influencing. This research attempted to find out how much of effect these influencing factors had by periodically analyzing acceptance of family planning in a rual area in Korea and the subsequent changes in the area's fertility rate. Afterwards, differentiating analyses were carried out to group these factors into direct and indirect effects. The subjects for this study came from a community health delvelopment project carried out by the Korea University in the Jeomdong Myon. Yeoju Kun. Kyonggi Province. The data for this research was obtained from village health workers'activity records, health service records of the health subcenter and various official government records of Myon. Unlisted data were obtained by an interview survey The data was sorted by a computer system using a Database package. and the statistical analyses were carried out by utilizing the SPSS program. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1 Family planning acceptance rate was increased from 53.0% in 1983 to 79.9% in1989. Total fertility rate(TFR) was decreased from 3,515 in 1983 to 1.945 in 1989 The change of TFR in 1983 to in 1989 was attributed to the declining age speciflc fertility rate of high age. 2. Variables of beyond family planning influencing the contraceptive acceptance in orders of explaning capability were age of marriage, financial capability and children,telephone, possession of electric domestics television, husband's job, multiparity and maternal health, expense of medical insurance, fatalism, family type, birth-place, educational level of husband, job before marriage, newspaper, birth-place of husband, religion,desirable marriage of female, the eldest son and to live with parants, educational level. The total of those variables could explain 49.9% of contraceptive acceptance. 3. Variables of beyond family planning influencing number of children ever born in orders of explaning capability were age of marriage, husband job, reliance at siblings, religion, job educational level, the eldest son and to live with parants, family type,educational level of husband, expense of medical insurance, fatalism, financial capability and children, multiparity and maternal health, boy-preference, number of desirable children, newspaper, possession of electric domestics, birth place of husband, television, job before marriage. The total of those varlables could explain 51.0% of number of children ever born. 4. As the result of regression analysis with contraceptive acceptance it could explain 14.7% of number of children ever born. 5. As the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis with factors relating beyond family planning and contraceptive acceptance the total of those variables could explain 53.8% of number of children ever born

착유우 사료에 대한 Aspergillus oryzae 발효물질 첨가가 in vitro 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율과 발효액의 pH에 미치는 영향

명윤아,박덕섭,이수기,박종수,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물이 in vitro 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율과 pH에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 균종 Aspergillus oryzae는 한국 생명공학연구원에서 분양받았으며, 본 연구에 사용된 사료는 시중 유통중인 착유우용 배합사료와 TMR 사료로서, 일반성분 분석은 (주)우성사료 중앙실험실에서 실시하였고, 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율 실험은 충남대학교 실험실에서 실시하였다. 배합사료와 TMR에 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 0, 1.0, 2.0 및 3.0%를 첨가한 후, Holstein종 착유우로부터 채취한 반추위액에 시료 2.0g 내외를 넣어 진탕배양기에서 24, 48 및 72시간 소화시켰다. 침전물에 0.2% pepsin이 들어있는 0.1N HCl 30ml를 넣고 39℃ incubator에서 48시간 소화시키고 나서, 마지막으로 침전물을 60℃의 건조기에서 48시간 건조시켰다. 실험은 3회 반복하여 실시하였다. 건물 소화율은 Aspergillus oryzae 발효물을 첨가하지 않은 대조구에 비해 24시간 배양시킨 배합사료의 경우 2.1%(63.1%), 9.7%(68.5%) 및 9.0%(68%) 개선되었고, TMR은 4.8%(60.0%), 6.4%(61.1%) 및 2.9%(58.8%)의 개선효과가 있었다. 이와 대조적으로, 48시간 및 72시간 배양시킨 시험구의 건물 소화율에 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물이 미치는 영향은 24시간 배양시보다 상대적으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 섬유소에서 소화율에서 Aspergillus oryzae가 조섬유, ADF 및 NDF 소화율을 유의적으로 개선시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 배합사료에서 3% 첨가구의 경우 24시간 배양시 13.3%(53.3), 72시간 배양시 2.4%(54.6%)까지 증가되었다. 하지만, 첨가수준에 따라 소화율이 높아졌음에도 불구하고 첨가수준별 개선효과에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 단백질 소화율은 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 첨가에 의해 배합사료에서 0.4%(79.7)에서 9.4%(71.8%)의 유의적인 개선효과를 나타내었지만, 2.0%와 3.0% 첨가구간의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. TMR의 경우에는 4.0%(70.4%)에서 6.3%(65.1%)의 유의적인 소화율 향상을 나타내었지만 2.0%와 3.0% 첨가구간의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 본 연구에서, pH 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 첨가에 따라 pH가 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 본 발효물은 pH에는 영향을 미치지 않으나 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율 향상에는 다소 효과가 있는 것으로 결론을 내릴 수가 있다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture on the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein and pH in vitro experiment of diets for dairy cows. A fungal species, Aspergillus oryzae was supplied by Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (KCTC 1229). The experimental diets were commercial compound feed(concentrate) and total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating cows, of which chemical analyses were determined at Research and Development Institute, Woosung Feed Co.. Ltd.. while the digestibilities were done at the laboratory of Chungnam National University. Aspergillus oryzae culture products were added to compound feed and TMR at the rate 0, 1.0. 2.0, 3.0% respectively. The experimental diet with the rumen fluid sampled from Holstein fresian milking cows were used and digested for 24 hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs in the shaking incubator. The residues of the digesta were digested for 48hrs in the incubator in which put 30㎖ of 0.1N HCI with 0.2% pepsin at 39℃. The final precipitates were dried for 48hrs in the drier at 60℃. These experimental procedures were triplicated to determine the in vitro digestibility of dry matter. crude fiber. ADF, NDF, crude protein and pH. Compared to control diet, not added Aspergillus oryzae, the DM digestibility of fungal diets were improved 2.1%(63.1%), 9.7%(68.5%) and 9.0%(68.0%) for 24 hour fermentation in compound feed while 4.8%(60.0%), 6.4%(61.1%) and 2.9%(58.8%) in TMR. On the contrary. for 48 hour and 72 hour digestibilities, the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture on the digestibility of dry matter were relatively lowered compared to 24 hour digestibility. Referring to the digestibility of dietary fiber, Aspergillus oryzae was believed to significantly improve digestibilities of crude fiber, ADF and NDF. Those were increased up to 13.3%(53.3%) for 24 hour fermentation while 2.4%(54.6%) for 3.0% added for 72 hour fermentation in compound feed. However, there were no signifiant differences among the treatments for the inclusion rate of Aspergillus oryzae, even though the more inclusion rate, the better digestibility. The protein digestibilities were significantly unproved from 0.4%(79.7%) to 9.4%(71.8%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae into compound feed. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets. 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In case of TMR, the protein digestibilities were significantly unproved from 4.0%(70.4%) to 6.3%(65.1%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets, 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In this study, there were no significant differences among the treatments in pH. On the contrary, there were slightly decrease in pH by adding Aspergillus oryzae into experimental diets but not significant. Summarizing the results of this examination, Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture is believed to improve the digestibilities of dry matter, fiber and crude protein in cattle diets. However, more detailed research for the mechanism of the fungal culture is required to improve ruminal environment.

유연생산 시스템 구축을 위한 공작물 자동교환 유닛 설계

박후명,이용중,이상진,하만경 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic object changer unit to improve processing problems existed in the conventional horizontal machining center. In order to perform this objective, a upward and downward traverse unit in which a unit that consists of a motor and reducer, chain and sprocket wheel, and upper and lower base employed in an automatic object changer unit performs sliding contact motion in a frame was designed. To achieve this design, constraint conditions for the upward and downward traverse unit first designed. Then, an operation mechanism was designed and that was introduced as a sum of kinetic energy for the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base based on the moment of inertia, which is the kinetic energy of the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer. In addition, The work required to rotate the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer by one revolution can be calculated using the sum of work that is required in the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base that is a part of the upward and downward traverse unit. Furthermore, the converted equation of motion in the side of the motor can be introduced using the equation of motion using the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the motor. Then, Then, a proper motor can be determined using predetermined specifications employed in the motor and several parameters in the upward and downward traverse unit in order to verify such predetermined specifications. Also, a design of a horizontal traverse unit that performs sliding motion on a upward and downward traverse unit and simulation that verifies the results of this design are required as a future study.

항생제 대체제(앤타시드-100)의 급여가 젖소 송아지 육성에 미친 영향

명윤아,박덕섭,이인덕,남명수,이형석,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was carried out to develope an antibiotic substitute with some feed additive ingredients; activated charcoal, microbial products( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sodium bentonite and pyroligneous. Sixty Holstein male calves(control 30 and tested 30 calves) were assigned to one of two diets, control(containing commercial antibiotic) and treatment diet (containing antibiotic substitute) with three replicates(10 calves each). The experiment were carried out for 30 days. The daily weight gains were similar between control(1.01kg/d) and treatment groups(1.01kg/d), however feed requirement were lower for treatment calves (2.80kg) than control calves (3.24kg) (P<0.05). Also calves were more health for treatment calves than control calves for diarrhea and respiratory diseases occurrences. The ammonia concentration of feces were lower for treatment calves(2.67 ppm) than for control calves(6.33 ppm) (P<0.05). No statistical difference were found in blood substances between control and treatment calves(P>0.05). In conclusion, the calve performances were improved by substitute without commercial antibiotic additive. 본 연구는 항생제를 대체할 목적으로 동물체의 활성을 가져오는 원료로 알려져 있는 활성탄과 목초액, sodium bentonite, 홍삼박, 생균제를 선별하여 이들 원료로 구성된 항생물질 대체제를 개발하여 홀스타인 수송아지에 급여하였을 때 생산성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 수행하였다. 송아지의 일당증체량은 대조구(1.011kg), 처리구(l.0lkg)간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고(P>0.05), 사료 요구율은 대조구 3.24에 비하여 처리구 2.80로 처리구에서 유의적인 개선효과를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 설사 발생률은 동일하였으나 분 상태는 처리구가 양호하였고, 호흡기 질병은 처리구에서는 발생하지 않았다. 분 중 NH₃ 농도는 대조구(6.33 ppm)에 비하여 처리구(2.67 ppm)에서 뚜렷한 개선 효과를 보였고(P<0.05), 혈액 수치는 대조구와 처리구가 유사하였다. 항생물질 대체제를 급여한 처리구가 시판 항생제 첨가사료급여군(대조구)에 비하여 증체에서는 다소 낮은 성적을 나타냈지만 질병 발생 없이 유사한 성적을 낸 것은 대체물질이 가축 소화기관의 활성화, 사료의 소화율 증진 등에 영향을 나타내어 동물의 활력이 증진되므로 항생제의 사용 없이도 양질의 축산물을 생산할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다.

Park's Vector Pattern의 왜곡률 분석에 의한 BLDC 모터의 권선 고장진단

이대성(Dae-Seong Lee),김준영(Jun-Yong Kim),양철오(Chul-Oh Yang),송명현(Myung-Hyun Song),박규남(Song, Kyu-Nam Park) 대한전기학회 2013 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.7

여성결혼이민자의 사회적 관계가 생활만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박미정,엄명용 한국가족관계학회 2009 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study aimed at investigating the effects of social relations, both negative and positive function, on the life satisfaction of female marriage immigrants to South Korea. A convenience sample of 250 women was selected from marriage immigrants who were living in rural area of Southern part of South Korea. The function of the social relationships were measured in two dimensions: social support and negative interaction. The system of social relationships includes family, neighborhood, friends from the same country, self help group, and social service workers. The regression analysis of 202 subjects showed that among other social support variables both the information support from family and the emotional support from social service workers were statistically significant. Surprisingly the negative function of the relationship with friends from the same country turned out to have positive effects on the life satisfaction. The negative function of the relationship both with social service workers and with neighbors turned out to have negative effects on the life satisfaction. Policy and practice implications were presented.