Nanocrystalline silicon films deposited with a modulated hydrogen dilution ratio by catalytic CVD at 200 ℃

Tae-Hwan Kim,Kyoung-Min Lee,Jae-dam Hwang,Wan-Shick Hong 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films that are deposited at low-temperatures (<200 ℃) often contain an incubation layer as thick as 10 nm. This incubation layer deteriorates performance of electronic devices, such as bottom-gate thin-film transistors, fabricated from the nc-Si film. We found that the crystallinity of the nc-Si films could be improved by adding a large quantity of hydrogen to the source gas. However, the hydrogen dilution degraded the deposition rate. We attempted a modulation of the hydrogen dilution ratio in a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) system to achieve both a minimal incubation layer and high throughput. We obtained an incubation-layer thickness of 3 nm and were able to grow a 200-nm-thick film in 18 min. Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films that are deposited at low-temperatures (<200 ℃) often contain an incubation layer as thick as 10 nm. This incubation layer deteriorates performance of electronic devices, such as bottom-gate thin-film transistors, fabricated from the nc-Si film. We found that the crystallinity of the nc-Si films could be improved by adding a large quantity of hydrogen to the source gas. However, the hydrogen dilution degraded the deposition rate. We attempted a modulation of the hydrogen dilution ratio in a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) system to achieve both a minimal incubation layer and high throughput. We obtained an incubation-layer thickness of 3 nm and were able to grow a 200-nm-thick film in 18 min.

이동형 스크러버를 이용한 암모니아 및 톨루엔의 제거 효율

김재영 ( Jae-young Kim ),김장윤 ( Jang-yoon Kim ),이연희 ( Yeon Hee Lee ),김민선 ( Min Sun Kim ),김민수 ( Min-su Kim ),김현지 ( Hyun Ji Kim ),류태인 ( Tae In Ryu ),정재형 ( Jae Hyeong Jeong ),황승율 ( Seung-ryul Hwang ),김균 ( Ky 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 국내에서 다량 취급되고 있는 암모니아 및 톨루엔을 흄 상태로 노출시킨 후 흡수/흡착방법을 달리한 이동형 스크러버를 이용해 각 유해화학물질의 제거효율을 비교 분석하였다. 이동형 스크러버는 기 개발된 장치를 개선하여 와류세정에 의한 흡수, 유입풍속 조절의 장점을 살리고, 활성탄 및 카본필터를 통한 기체상 유해화학물질의 흡착방법 도입을 통해 단점을 보완하였다. 개선된 장치는 기초성능평가를 통해 적정 제어풍속이 검증되었고, 5% 암모니아수 용액을 흄 상태로 노출시켜 후드 흡입부, 송풍기 배출부 및 세정기가 정상 작동함을 확인하였다. 흡수/흡착방법에 따른 암모니아 제거효율은 90분 경과 후 C≥PCA>SWA 순으로 가장 우수한 SWA 군의 노출 농도별 제거 효율은 시간이 경과할수록 노출 농도와 무관하게 배출 농도는 증가되었고, 세정액의 pH는 산성에서 염기성으로 변화되었다. 또한, 시간 경과에 따른 노출 농도 별 세정액의 pH 변화와 배출구 농도 변화 사이에 0.9429~0.9491 수준의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 흡착방법에 따른 톨루엔의 제거 효율은 초기 10분 경과 후 배출구농도에서 C>CMA≥GCA 순을 나타내다 90분 경과까지 일정한 농도로 유지되었다. 가장 우수한 GCA 군의 노출 농도 별 제거 효율은 초기 10분 경과 시 노출 농도에 비례하여 배출 농도가 높은 경향이었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 개선된 이동형 스크러버는 중화반응에 의해 산성 또는 염기성 유해화학물질의 제거뿐 아니라, 활성탄 등의 흡착기능 개선을 통해 VOCs 제거에도 효과적이었다. 하지만, 실제 현장에서 활용이 가능하도록 세정액 pH를 지속적으로 유지하여 연속적으로 흡수 제거할 수 있는 방법과 노출되는 화학물질 농도와 흡착제의 관계에서 파괴점, 포화점, 흡착속도 등의 물리적인 요소가 추가적인 연구를 통해 도출되어야 할 것이다. BACKGROUND: The mobile vortex wet scrubber was developed to remove the harmful chemicals from accidental releases. However, there was a disadvantage that it was limitedly used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene according to the physicochemical properties. This study compared the removal efficiencies of an improved mobile scrubber on toluene and ammonia by applying diverse adsorption and absorption methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: The removal efficiencies on harmful chemicals were examined using various adsorption and absorption methods of water vortex process (C), phosphoric acid-impregnated activated carbon adsorption (PCA), pH-controlled water (pH 2.5) vortex process absorption with sulfuric acid (SWA) after ammonia exposure, granular activated carbon adsorption (GCA), and activated carbon mat adsorption (CMA) after toluene exposure. As a result, the best removal efficiency was shown in the SWA for ammonia and GCA for toluene. Also, the SWA and GCA methods were compared with different concentration levels. In the case of ammonia exposure (5, 10 and 25%), there was no difference by concentration levels, and the concentration in the outlet gradually increased, with pH change from acid to base. In the case of toluene exposure (50, 75 and 100%), the outlet concentration was higher relative to the exposure concentration in the initial 10 min, but the outlet concentration was remained steady after 10 min. CONCLUSION: The newly improved mobile scrubber was also effective in removing VOCs through adsorption techniques (activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon mat filter etc.), as well as removing acid-base harmful chemicals by neutralization reaction.

컴퓨터-전화 통합 보드를 이용한 역주문형 정보서비스의 설계 및 구현

황민태,어윤 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper we propose a new information service mechanism called reverse ordering information service, which connects the Internet users to the service providers who can only use telephone service. This mechanism uses a CTI(Computer-Telephony Integration) board installed to the information server in order to deliver the phone number of Internet users to the service providers via POTS(Plain Old Telephone Service). Once an Internet user visits the information server, selects the service provider, and inputs his or her phone number, then the CTI board automatically calls to the service provider and delivers the phone number as a speech via TTS(Text To Speech) function. After then the service provider calls to the Internet user reversely to receive the detail ordering information. As a prototype of this reverse ordering information service we implement the free ordering service of the delivery food. This mechanism will be used to all kinds of information services to connect the Internet users to the service providers who can only use telephone service.

H. pylori 제균으로 완전 관해된 위의 고도 MALT 림프종 1예 : a case report

황창연,류민희,강윤구,김태원,장흥문,엄대운,허주령 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.1

위의 저도 MALT 림프종은 H. pylori 제균 후에 60∼90%가 관해를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나 고도 MALT 림프종은 H. pylori 제균 만으로는 치료가 부족한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 최근에 위의 고도 MALT 림프종에서도 H. pylori 제균 치료를 통해 관해에 이른 사례들이 보고 되었고, 저자들도 고도 MALT 림프종 환자에서 H. pylori 제균 치료를 통하여 내시경적 및 조직학적 완전 관해에 도달한 증례를 경험하여 이를 보고하는 바이다. Low grade MALT lymphoma of stomach is associated with H. pylori infection in more than 90% of cases, and eradication of H. pylori leads to regression of the low grade MALT lymphoma in 60∼90% of cases. On the contrary, high grade MALT lymphoma is thought to be independent from H. pylori for growth and usually is thought to require antitumor chemotherapy. However, there have been recent reports of high grade MALT lymphoma regressing after H. pylori eradication. We experienced and are reporting a case of high grade MALT lymphoma arising in the background of low grade MALT lymphoma that showed complete regression after H. pylori eradication.

평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠기의 보존 및 제작기법 연구 : 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안

황현성,임수경,김희진,이태진,고민정,윤은영 국립중앙박물관 2013 고고학지 Vol.19 No.-

본고는 일제 강점기 조사 미등록 유물 정리사업의 일환으로 수행한 평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안에 관한 연구이다. 남정리 출토 유물은 소지가 목심이 아닌 토제라는 것과 칠이배와 칠반을 얹은 칠안이 함께 출토되었다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 토제칠이배 및 칠반 그리고 칠안의 보존처리를 통해 이들의 형태와 문양 등에 대해 알 수 있었다. 또한 칠기에 사용된 붉은색 안료의 성분을 분석하여 안료의 주성분이 진사(HgS)였음을 확인하였다. 이번 연구에서 기존에 잘 알려지지 않았던 한반도 내 위치한 낙랑의 토제칠기에 관해 살펴볼 수 있었으며 이러한 제작방법이 한나라 고유의 문화인지 아니면 재지세력이 한나라의 영향을 받아 현지화한 문화의 산물인지에 대해 생각해 볼 수 있는 기회라 생각된다. This research paper examines the lacquered pottery cup, plate and table unearthed from Tomb No. 53 at Namjeong-ri in Pyongyang, which were under conservation treatment as a part of the Project of Unregistered Artefacts Uncovered in the Japanese Colonial Era. It is very rare to have a lacquered pottery cup and plate, lying on a lacquered pottery table, as a set of grave goods. In particular, they are not wooden but pottery items. Through conservation treatment for lacquered pottery cup, plate and table, it was possible to find out their shapes and decoration patterns. The resulting analysis of the red pigment used indicates that cinnabar (HgS) is the main element. This research is significant because it examines lacquered pottery wares produced in Lelang, which has rarely been conducted. Further research will need to prove whether their production techniques were in the unique Chinese Han style or were produced by indigenous craftsmen who adopted the Chinese Han technique.

Thomas Anold의 體育觀과 Rugby School에 관한 硏究

黃太相,趙源敏 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This study was conducted by Thomas Anold, the representative of a modern reformer and an idea of physical education's phenomena and the purpose in the rugby school. The purpose of Thoams Anold's the education reformation in the rugby school was that he influenced the school principal of christianity to students to destroy unmorality and to build the christian school in school. To do that, the problem was to recreate school principle's control and the moral effect to school. Students' voluntary activities were provided and these activities developed as organized games. There were two factors wether Thomas Anold was the reformer of physical educational or not. In the previous studies and books mentioned that he was educational reformer. However, he was not to influence the physical education in the pure perspective. Another word, he was not a man of thought in the physical education. As a matter of fact, he influenced sports activities at rugby school activities. In Thom Brown's school days, it was found that sport activities were very active at the rugby school. In a novel, team sports were more popular than individual sports such as cricket and rugby. The team sports were utilized as educational system in this novel. For instance, the purpose of improving team sports influenced to create the proper social attitudes and sportsmanship through team sport activities. In the rugby school, a lots of time were admitted for games. A cricket and a rugby play were admitted two hours on an every (13:30-15:30) the Tuesday, the Thursday, and the Saturday at school. Also, traditional sport was "the big side run" and cricket, and Crik is one of running sport which was held in regular program.

傳達 GATE 組合論理를 利用한 8-bit COMS DAC回路의 設計

黃泰善,鄭康敏 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

This paper describes a 100MHz 8 - b CMOS D/A converter with a current output. To guarantee a low glitch energy, a decorder using transmission function theory and a deglicthing circuit are presented. An integral linearity error caused by error distributions of current sources is reduced by a symmetrical switching. The simulation results show that the maximum conversion rate is 135MHz and the integral errors are less than 0.5LSB. The maximum glitch energy is lOpV.s. The entire circuit dissipates 63.8mW at a 100MHz conversion rate while operating from a single 5V power supply. The circuit is simulated in a 1.2㎛ CMOS process.

韓國産 天南星科 植物에 關한 本草學的 硏究

황상욱,김태현,宋昊埈,辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1999 한국전통의학지 Vol.9 No.1

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Araceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been thoroughly investigated and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 14 genera and 42 species in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 7 genera, 23 species, some 55% in total but, the number of species may be added because of the similiar plants. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medicinal plants belonging to the Araceae family were classified as Rhizoma 20, Radix 10, Folium 4, Flos 3, Herba 1. Thus it was noticed that Rhizoma and Radix was the main kind. 3. According to sum of 42 species in Araceae family, they were classified into Arisaema genera 17, Acorus and Zantedeschia genera 4 each, Philodendron and Symplocarpus genera 3 each, Anthurium and Colocasia genera 2 each. Thus it was noticed that Arisaema genera was the main kind, some 40.5% in total. 4. According to nature and flavour of medicinal plants, they were classified into warmth and heat ; 25, cold and cool ; 3, balance 2 and unidentified 6. Thus it was noticed that warmth and heat is the main in nature and flavour of medicinal plants. 5. Comparing to whole medicinal plants 23 kinds, toxic drugs include minor toxin were 18 kinds, 78.3% of the whole. From this result, It was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Araceae was 55% of the whole, in which RHIZOMA and RADIX was mostly abundunt. It is considered that many experiements and clinical approaches must be continued to use Araceae plants widely.

아세트아미노펜 서방형 정제의 용출유사성에 대한 고찰

김민수,이시범,이태완,전재일,황성주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2004 藥學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

We have studied the dissolution kinetics of three extended release commercial tablets of acetaminoPhen in simulated gastric juice, and the dissolution profiles were compared. The applied methods for the comparison of in vitro dissolution profiles are model independent methods including difference factor (f₁) and similarity factor (f₂), and statistical methods based on the analysis of variance and in t-test. The comparison of the dissolution profile, using difference factor (f₁), and similarity factor (f₂), indicates that the three tablets are equivalent in their dissolution. But, statistical methods based on the analysis of variance and in t-test indicate that the three tablets are not equivalent in their dissolution. The results show that statistical methods are better indicator of discrimination than the f-factors.

응급환자에 대한 맥박산소측정기의 임상적 평가

안철민,이한식,조광현,황태식,김성규 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method of measuring blood oxygen saturation even before changes to the cardiopulmonary functions become apparent clinically. Therefore it has been widely excepted in many disciplines as a standard patient monitoring equipment. But its accuracy has been argued at low oxygen saturation levels. To determine the accuracy of the pulse oximetry in the emergency department where the patients presenting with respiratory difficulty are expected to have low oxygen saturation levels. Prospective, cross-sectional, paired measurements of oxygen saturation by two different pulse oxineters(SpO2) against oxygen saturation of arterial blood gas analysis(SaO2) was performed from May 1994 to September 1995 at two different university hospitals. Two pulse oxineters each with its digital probe were applied to the patient for the measurement of SpO2 simultaneously and arterial blood gas was drawn for analysis(ABGA) at the same time to measure SaO2. 98 patients who met the criteria mostly consisted of cardiopulmonary patients. There were no significant differences between mean SpO2(88.1±11.4, 88.2±10.0) of the two pulse oximeters and mean SaO2(88.7±11.4) from the arterial blood gas analysis(p=NS). Strong correlations were found(r=.80). But the regression declined as SaO2 decreased especially SaO2 < 90%. The pulse oximetry is potentially useful in patients with clinical signs of acute hypoxemia and patients receiving interventions that may produce acute hypoxemia, because of their ability to continuously monitor the oxygen saturation. But pulse oximetry along cannot identify the degree of hypoxemia or severity of distress. Therefore patients complaining of respiratory difficulty in an emergengy department, history and physical examination must be performed with pulse oximeter as a guide while backing it up with ABGA.