기체상 유해화학물질 제거를 위한 이동형 와류식 세정장치 개발 및 가스 제거효율 분석

곽지현 ( Ji Hyun Kwak ),황승율 ( Seung Ryul Hwang ),이연희 ( Yeon Hee Lee ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),송기봉 ( Ki Bong Song ),김균 ( Kyun Kim ),강재은 ( Jae Eun Kang ),이상재 ( Sang Jae Lee ),전준호 ( Jun Ho Jeon ),이진환 ( Jin Hw 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회지 Vol.34 No.2

BACKGROUND: In recent years, several researchers have focused on odour control methods to remove the harmful chemicals from chemical accidents and incidents. The present work deals with the system development of the hazardous. METHODS AND RESULTS: For on-site removal of hazardous gaseous materials from chemical accidents, mobile vortex wet scrubber was designed with water vortex process to absorb the gas into the water. The efficiency of the mobile vortex wet scrubber was evaluated using water spray and 25% ammonia solution. The inlet air velocity (gas flow rate) was according to the damper angle installed within the hood and with increase of gas flow rate, consequently the absorption efficiency was markedly decreased. In particular, when 25% ammonia solution was exposed to the hood inlet for 30 min, the water pH within the scrubber was changed from 7 to 12. Interestingly, although the removal efficiency of ammonia gas exhibited approximately 80% for 5 min, its efficiency in 10 min showed the greatest decrease with 18%. Therefore, our results suggest that the ammonia gas may be absorbed with the driving force of scrubbing water in water vortex process of this scrubber. CONCLUSION: When chemical accidents are occurred, the designed compact scrubber may be utilized as effective tool regarding removal of ammonia gas and other volatile organic compounds in the scene of an accident.

04 포스터 발표 : 환경 화학 분야(PC) ; PC-08 : 기체상 유해물질 제거를 위한 이동형 와류식 세정장치 개발 및 가스 제거효율 분석

김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),곽지현 ( Ji Hyun Kwak ),이연희 ( Yeon Hee Lee ),이진환 ( Jin Hwan Lee ),김균 ( Kyun Kim ),황승율 ( Seung Ryul Hwang ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

In recent years, several researchers have focused on odour control methods to remove the harmful chemicals from chemical accidents and incidents. The present work deals with system development on gas adsorption and its adsorption efficiency. For on-site removal of hazardous gaseous materials from chemical accidents, mobile vortex wet scrubber was designed with water vortex process to absorb the gas into the water. Moreover, this research described the evaluation of efficiency using water spray and 25% ammonia solution. We observed that inlet air velocity (gas flow rate) decreased according to the damper angle installed within the hood and with increase of gas flow rate, the absorption efficiency was markedly decreased. In particular, when 25% ammonia solution was exposed to the hood inlet for 30 min, the water pH within the scrubber was changed from 7 to 12. Interestingly, although the removal efficiency of ammonia gas exhibited approximately 80% for 5 min, its efficiency in 10 min showed the greatest decrease with 18%. Therefore, our results suggest that the ammonia gas may be absorbed with the driving force of scrubbing water in water vortex process of this scrubber. When chemical accidents are occurred, the designed compact scrubber may be utilized as effective tool regarding removal of ammonia gas and other volatile organic compounds in the scene of an accident.

04 포스터 발표 : 환경 화학 분야(PC) ; PC-09 : 화학사고 현장 측정분석 차량에 탑재된 분석기기의 활용 능력 평가

이연희 ( Yeon Hee Lee ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),이진환 ( Jin Hwan Lee ),김균 ( Kyun Kim ),황승율 ( Seung Ryul Hwang ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

Chemical accidents have increased owing to chemical usage, human error and technical failures during the last decades. For this reason, many countries have organized supervisory authorities in charge of enforcing related rules and regulations to prevent chemical accidents. In particular, a very important part in chemical accidents has been coping with comprehensive first aid tool. Therefore, this present research described the evaluation concern to initial applications using analysis instrument in vehicle of field mode after chemical accidents. Mobile measurement vehicle was manufactured to obtain information regarding field assessments of chemical accidents. This vehicle was equipped with four instruments including gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ion Chromatography (IC), and UV/Vis spectrometer (UV) to analyses of accident precaution substances, volatile compounds, and organic gases. Moreover, this work was the first examined the evaluation of applicability for analysis instruments using 52 chemicals in various accident precaution substances (GC/MS; 21 chemicals, FT-IR; 26 chemicals, IC; 21 chemicals, and UV; 2 chemical) and their calibration curves were obtained with high linearity (r2> 0.99). Our results were observed the advantage of the high chromatographic peak capacity, fast analysis, and good sensitivity as well as resolution. When chemical accidents are occurred, the posted measurement vehicle may be utilized as tool an effective for qualitative and quantitative information in the scene of an accident.

화학사고 대응을 위한 시간별 급성노출기준 참고치 산정 : 폼알데하이드 사례

김은채(Eunchae Kim),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),이청수(Chung-Soo Lee),양원호(Wonho Yang),황승율(Seung-Ryul Hwang),박지훈(Jihoon Park) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to provide temporal Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) for a hazardous substance as a pilot study. Methods: As one of the substances designated by the Korea Ministry of Environment as requiring preparations for potential accidents, formaldehyde was selected to estimate the AEGLs. The calculation was based on Haber’s formula (Cn ×t=k) using valid toxicity data (for humans/animals). A total of 96 points of AEGL levels were provided using an interval of five minutes over eight hours. Results: The AEGL-1 and 2 values were constant for the entire exposure duration at 0.9 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. The values were obtained from clinical/animal tests, and the adaptation effect after a given exposure duration was also considered. AEGL-3 was based on animal toxicity data, and it was estimated from 127 ppm for the initial five minutes to 35 ppm for eight hours. Conclusions: More specific AEGL levels for formaldehyde could be obtained in this study using toxicity data with Haber’s formula. Based on this methodology, it would be also possible to estimate AEGL levels that can be used at the scene of a chemical accident for other substances requiring preparation for potential accidents.

화학사고물질 노출에 따른 피해지역 주민 건강위해성평가 : 폼알데하이드 사례를 중심으로

박시현(Sihyun Park),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),임희빈(Huibeen Lim),박지훈(Jihoon Park),이철민(Cheolmin Lee),황승율(Seung-Ryul Hwang),이청수(Chungsoo Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives: Acute exposure to high concentrations of chemicals can occur when a chemical accident takes place. As such exposure can cause ongoing environmental pollution, such as in the soil and groundwater, there is a need for a tool that can assess health effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was assessing the health risks of residents living near a chemical accident site due to long-term exposure while considering the temporal concentration changes of the toxic chemicals leaked during the accident until their extinction in the environment using a multimedia environmental dynamics model. Methods: A health risk assessment was conducted on three cases of formaldehyde chemical accidents. In this study, health risk assessment was performed using a multimedia environmental dynamics model that considers the behavior of the atmosphere, soil, and water. In addition, the extinction period of formaldehyde in the environment was regarded as extinction in the environment when the concentration in the air and soil fell below the background concentration prior to the accident. The subjects of health risk assessment were classified into four groups according to age: 0-9 years old, 10-18 years old, 19-64 years old, and over 65 years old. Carcinogenic risk assessment by respiratory exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment by soil intake were conducted as well. Results: In the assessment of carcinogenic risk due to respiratory exposure, the excess carcinogenic risk did not exceed 1.0×10−6 in all three chemical accidents, so there was no health effect due to the formaldehyde chemical accident. As a result of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk due to soil intake, none of the three chemical accidents had a risk index of 1, so there was no health effect. For all three chemical accidents, the excess cancer risk and hazard index were the highest in the age group 0-9. Next, 10-18 years old, 65 years old or older, and 19-64 years old showed the highest risk. Conclusion: This study considers environmental changes after a chemical accident occurs and until the substance disappears from the environment. It also conducts a health risk assessment by reflecting the characteristics of the long-term persistence and concentration change over time. It is thought that it is of significance as a health risk assessment study reflecting the exposure characteristics of the accident substance for an actual chemical accident.

LC/MS/MS를 이용한 축산밀집지역 하천에서 테트라사이클린계 항생제 및 대사체 분석 연구

김일규 ( Il-gyu Kim ),박유미 ( Yu-mi Park ),김상민 ( Sang-min Kim ),심기태 ( Ki-tae Sim ),정인영 ( In-young Chung ),석광설 ( Kwang-seol Seok ),황승율 ( Seung-ryul Hwang ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study was to optimize an analytical method for the detection of tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites in water and to determine their fate and movement in streams. To analyze three tetracycline antibiotics and eight of their metabolites, water quality samples were taken from nine sites, which were scattered across upstream areas, into which livestock manure was directly released from nearby livestock operations, to downstream areas, between November 2010 and October 2011. These samples were pretreated with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB; 200 mg, 6 cc) cartridges and analyzed using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Consequently, the limit of detection of the analysis method for the tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites ranged from 3.7 to 18.2 ng/L. The recovery rates were 81-122%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 16%. In addition, the concentration of tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites decreased or they were undetected when sampled from the upstream to downstream sites. Although the levels of tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites detected were lower than their EC50, it is necessary to continue monitoring these substances in the environment.

이동형 스크러버를 이용한 암모니아 및 톨루엔의 제거 효율

김재영 ( Jae-young Kim ),김장윤 ( Jang-yoon Kim ),이연희 ( Yeon Hee Lee ),김민선 ( Min Sun Kim ),김민수 ( Min-su Kim ),김현지 ( Hyun Ji Kim ),류태인 ( Tae In Ryu ),정재형 ( Jae Hyeong Jeong ),황승율 ( Seung-ryul Hwang ),김균 ( Ky 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 국내에서 다량 취급되고 있는 암모니아 및 톨루엔을 흄 상태로 노출시킨 후 흡수/흡착방법을 달리한 이동형 스크러버를 이용해 각 유해화학물질의 제거효율을 비교 분석하였다. 이동형 스크러버는 기 개발된 장치를 개선하여 와류세정에 의한 흡수, 유입풍속 조절의 장점을 살리고, 활성탄 및 카본필터를 통한 기체상 유해화학물질의 흡착방법 도입을 통해 단점을 보완하였다. 개선된 장치는 기초성능평가를 통해 적정 제어풍속이 검증되었고, 5% 암모니아수 용액을 흄 상태로 노출시켜 후드 흡입부, 송풍기 배출부 및 세정기가 정상 작동함을 확인하였다. 흡수/흡착방법에 따른 암모니아 제거효율은 90분 경과 후 C≥PCA>SWA 순으로 가장 우수한 SWA 군의 노출 농도별 제거 효율은 시간이 경과할수록 노출 농도와 무관하게 배출 농도는 증가되었고, 세정액의 pH는 산성에서 염기성으로 변화되었다. 또한, 시간 경과에 따른 노출 농도 별 세정액의 pH 변화와 배출구 농도 변화 사이에 0.9429~0.9491 수준의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 흡착방법에 따른 톨루엔의 제거 효율은 초기 10분 경과 후 배출구농도에서 C>CMA≥GCA 순을 나타내다 90분 경과까지 일정한 농도로 유지되었다. 가장 우수한 GCA 군의 노출 농도 별 제거 효율은 초기 10분 경과 시 노출 농도에 비례하여 배출 농도가 높은 경향이었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 개선된 이동형 스크러버는 중화반응에 의해 산성 또는 염기성 유해화학물질의 제거뿐 아니라, 활성탄 등의 흡착기능 개선을 통해 VOCs 제거에도 효과적이었다. 하지만, 실제 현장에서 활용이 가능하도록 세정액 pH를 지속적으로 유지하여 연속적으로 흡수 제거할 수 있는 방법과 노출되는 화학물질 농도와 흡착제의 관계에서 파괴점, 포화점, 흡착속도 등의 물리적인 요소가 추가적인 연구를 통해 도출되어야 할 것이다. BACKGROUND: The mobile vortex wet scrubber was developed to remove the harmful chemicals from accidental releases. However, there was a disadvantage that it was limitedly used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene according to the physicochemical properties. This study compared the removal efficiencies of an improved mobile scrubber on toluene and ammonia by applying diverse adsorption and absorption methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: The removal efficiencies on harmful chemicals were examined using various adsorption and absorption methods of water vortex process (C), phosphoric acid-impregnated activated carbon adsorption (PCA), pH-controlled water (pH 2.5) vortex process absorption with sulfuric acid (SWA) after ammonia exposure, granular activated carbon adsorption (GCA), and activated carbon mat adsorption (CMA) after toluene exposure. As a result, the best removal efficiency was shown in the SWA for ammonia and GCA for toluene. Also, the SWA and GCA methods were compared with different concentration levels. In the case of ammonia exposure (5, 10 and 25%), there was no difference by concentration levels, and the concentration in the outlet gradually increased, with pH change from acid to base. In the case of toluene exposure (50, 75 and 100%), the outlet concentration was higher relative to the exposure concentration in the initial 10 min, but the outlet concentration was remained steady after 10 min. CONCLUSION: The newly improved mobile scrubber was also effective in removing VOCs through adsorption techniques (activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon mat filter etc.), as well as removing acid-base harmful chemicals by neutralization reaction.