The Spillover Effects of Privatization on Efficiency and Income Inequality in China

Xinyu Li(Xinyu Li),Sunghwan Kim(Sunghwan Kim),Yongshang Liu(Yongshang Liu) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.1

Purpose - This study examines the spatial and inter-temporal spillover effects of privatization on the corporate efficiency and regional income inequality of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Design/Methodology/Approach - The spatial Durbin model (SDM) is used in regressions to examine the spatial and inter-temporal spillover effects of the privatization of SOEs on improving the efficiency and income inequality of Chinese firms across regions. A panel dataset of Chinese-listed firms from 2008 to 2018 is used. The stochastic frontier analysis method is applied in estimating corporate efficiency. Findings - First, the privatization of Chinese SOEs increased their efficiency, but exacerbated their income inequality. Second, the globalization activities after the privatization of Chinese SOEs increased their efficiency, but exacerbated their income inequality. Specifically, exports decrease income inequality, while outward foreign direct investment or OFDI has an inverse U-shaped effect on income inequality. Third, the privatization improved overall corporate efficiency within the province and that of neighboring provinces. Fourth, the Chinese SOE firms after privatization aggravated income equality within the province and that of neighboring provinces. Research Implications - In general, the results of this study indicate that the privatization of SOEs and the globalization activities after the privatization have improved the efficiency of Chinese firms, but worsened income equality within the province and that of neighboring provinces. Therefore, there is a strong need for governmental policies to cure income equality in provinces around the location of privarized firms.

The Effects of ESG Performance on Export Intensity of Korean Firms

Yongshang Liu(Yongshang Liu),Sung-Hwan Kim(Sung-Hwan Kim),Xinyu Li(Xinyu Li) 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.6

Purpose – This study examines whether the export intensity of firms listed in the Korean market is affected by environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings. We test whether the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in ratings of Korean firms can improve their export intensity in the global markets. Design/Methodology/Approach – In this study, we introduce ESG ratings, export intensity and other control variables in the models using unbalanced panel data of 1,974 firms listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ Exchange between 2012 and 2021 from a merged dataset of the KIS-VALUE and TS-2000 databases. We apply the fixed effects model (FEMs) after applying the Hausman and Lagrangian multiplier tests. Also, we apply instrument variable regressions (IV regressions) to control endogeneity in ESG ratings affected by other factors introduced. Findings – First, higher ESG ratings of the firms have a significantly negative effect on export intensity, which is inconsistent with the results of the previous research (Herding and Poncet, 2014). Second, ESG ratings of chaebol firms do not significantly reduce export intensity. The results might be due to the less severe constraints in chaebol firms by ESG costs. (Chaney, 2008; Shi Xin-Zheng and Xu Zhu-Feng, 2018). Third, each ESG rating, E, S, and G individually, shows a significantly negative effect on export intensity for only non-chaebol firms, while such an effect for chaebol firms is not statistically significant. Fourth, using the instrument variable regression, we have verified the result that ESG performance has a negative effect on firms' export intensity. Research Implications – This study is the first to examine the relationship between the ESG ratings of Korean firms and their export intensity, whose result is different from that of a prior study regarding Chinese firms (Wu Qing-Lan, Chen Gui-Fu, Han Jing and Wu Li-Yan, 2022). The negative effects of ESG ratings in Korea on exports for non-chaebol firms suggest that higher ESG ratings of Korean firms are not favorably accepted by their counterparts in the global markets while their efforts to get or enhance higher ratings incurring more expenses might hurt their competence in the global markets. Such negative effects of ESG ratings are not clearly observed for chaebol affiliated firms.

Facile synthesis of polypyrrole coated copper nanowires: a new concept to engineered core–shell structures

Liu, Yang,Liu, Zhen,Lu, Ning,Preiss, Elisabeth,Poyraz, Selcuk,Kim, Moon J.,Zhang, Xinyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.20

<P>Polypyrrole coated copper nanowires were synthesized in a one-pot manner in the presence of cupric precursor and pyrrole. They displayed ultra-high sensitivity as a potentiometric sensor with considerable environmental stability comparable to noble metals.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Polypyrrole coated copper nanowires (PPy-CuNWs) were obtained in one-pot synthesis, which possess outstanding chemical sensing properties and environmental stability. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc16961d'> </P>

Screening, Gene Cloning, and Characterizations of an Acid-Stable α-Amylase

Liu, Xinyu,Jia, Wei,An, Yi,Cheng, Kun,Wang, Mingdao,Yang, Sen,Chen, Hongge The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

Based on its α-amylase activity at pH 5.0 and optimal pH of the crude enzyme, a strain (named B-5) with acid α-amylase production was screened. The B-5 strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens through morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics analysis, as well as 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. Its α-amylase gene of GenBank Accession No. GU318401 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant α-amylase AMY-Ba showed the optimal pH of 5.0, and was stable at a pH range of 4.0-6.0. When hydrolyzing soluble starch, amylose, and amylopectin, AMY-Ba released glucose and maltose as major end products. The α-amylase AMY-Ba in this work was different from the well-investigated J01542-type α-amylase which also came from B. amyloliquefaciens. AMY-Ba exhibited notable adsorption and hydrolysis ability towards various raw starches. Structure analysis of AMY-Ba suggested the presence of a new starch-binding domain at its C-terminal region.

The associations of job strain and leisure-time physical activity with the risk of hypertension: the population-based Midlife in the United States cohort study

Xinyue Liu,Timothy A. Matthews,Liwei Chen,Jian Li 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES Job strain is positively associated with incident hypertension, while increasing leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) can reduce incident hypertension. However, the joint associations of job strain and LTPA with incident hypertension among United States workers have yet to be investigated. This study examined the independent and joint associations of job strain and LTPA with incident hypertension. METHODS This prospective cohort study (n=1,160) utilized data from the population-based Midlife in the United States study. The associations of job strain and LTPA at baseline with incident hypertension during follow-up were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. High job strain was derived from a combination of high job demands and low job control, and high LTPA was defined as engagement in moderate or vigorous LTPA at least once per week. RESULTS During 9,218 person-years of follow-up, the hypertension incidence rate was 30.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.3 to 34.3) per 1,000 person-years. High job strain was associated with a higher risk for hypertension than low job strain (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.67). High LTPA was associated with lower hypertension risk than low LTPA (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.98). Hypertension risk was higher among workers with high job strain and low LTPA than among those with low job strain and high LTPA (aHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.43). CONCLUSIONS Job strain and LTPA showed positive and inverse associations, respectively, with incident hypertension. The combination of high job strain and low LTPA was associated with the highest risk for hypertension.

<i>In situ</i> annealing of III_1-_<i>x</i>Mn_<i>x</i>V ferromagnetic semiconductors

Liu, Xinyu,Bac, Seul-Ki,Sapkota, Pitambar,Gorsak, Cameron,Li, Xiang,Dong, Sining,Lee, Sanghoon,Ptasinska, Sylwia,Furdyna, Jacek K.,Dobrowolska, Margaret American Institute of Physics 2018 Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B Vol.36 No.2

Xylazole inhibits NO-cGMP pathway in fetal rat nerve cells

Xinyu Wang,Yue Wu,Lin Liu,Hui Bai,Zhiheng Zhang,Mingchao Zhao,Tianwen Ma,Xiaopeng Song,Lina Jia,Liangyu Lv,Yue Yu,Xinyu Xu,Hong Chen,Li Gao 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.1

Background: Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. Methods: Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. Results: Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. Conclusions: This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.

중국 섬유산업 무역의 결정요인과 잠재무역량

Liu Xinyue,박석근,박재진 한국무역통상학회 2022 무역통상학회지 Vol.22 No.5

he textile industry is the backbone of China's traditional industry and China's civilian production industry. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's textile industry has continued to grow and has made great achievements. The textile products studied in this paper refer to the products whose ITPD-E code is Chapter 52 to Chapter 59, including all kinds of textile raw materials and semi-finished products. China is a major exporter of textiles, with an annual export volume of nearly 100 billion US dollars, accounting for 1/3 of the world's total textile exports. Therefore, studying the influencing factors and trade potential of textiles is of great significance to China's import and export trade. This paper estimated the multilateral resistance gravity model to analyze the influencing factors of China's textile import and export trade, and the trade potential of China's textiles using the trade data of textile import and export from 2002 to 2020.

Research on the Composite Control Strategy of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator Grid Side Converter

Xinyu Liu,Ke Bai,Guoquan Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.10

Aiming at the existing problems of the DFIG grid side converter, this paper studies its control technology and proposes a composite control strategy which includes a terminal sliding mode variable structure control of the current inner-loop and a PI controller of the voltage outer-loop in grid side converter. The simulation results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can achieve better control of the inverter output voltage and input current. What's more important, this method can not only reduce the adverse effects on the grid side converter due to parameter variations and other factors, but also increases the robustness of the system. It has important actual significance and practical application value.

An Examination of the Boundaries of Legitimate Defense within the Framework of Chinese Criminal Law

Xinyu Liu,Pengling Li 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.11 No.1

In the realm of legislation, China's definition of legitimate defense is expansive; yet, in the context of judicial application, the legitimate defense framework has been significantly curtailed, resembling what can be described as a zombie clause. The legislative requirements on the limitation of defense have not significantly enhanced the comprehension of the temporal aspect and the criteria for assessing excessive defense. The determination of whether an act of legitimate defense surpasses the defined standards and other related matters is flawed. In order to address the aforementioned issues, it is imperative to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the juxtaposition between noticeably exceeds the necessary limits and causes great harm. It is crucial to establish that the criterion of “noticeably exceeds the necessary limits” holds significant importance in determining the necessity and proportionality of defensive limitations. It is imperative to establish that the criterion for the necessity and proportionality of the limit of defense necessitates a clear demonstration of exceeding the limit that is evidently beyond what is necessary. Furthermore, the assessment should be grounded in situational theories, which encompass both the act of defense and its outcome. Subsequently, it is vital to further define the criteria used to evaluate the parameters of the noticeably exceeds and necessary limits categories.