Properties of Carbon Black Used as Catalysts for Methane Decomposition

( Ling Han ),( Shuangye Dai ),( Hong Soo Park ),( Hyun Sik Hahm ),( Myung Soo Kim ) 한국유화학회 2006 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.3

OPTIMIZATION CONTROL OF CVT CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT BASED ON MPC

Ling Han,Hongxiang Liu,Jinwu Wang,Shaosong Li,Leilei Ren 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.6

As an important part of continuously variable transmission (CVT) vehicle power transmission system, drive, neutral and reverse (DNR) wet clutch has the function of transmitting or interrupting vehicle power. However, due to the complex and variable working conditions of the clutch, it is difficult to achieve precise control of the clutch by the traditional control strategy. To solve this problem, a clutch control optimization algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. In order to identify and track the driver’s launching intentions, a driver’s launching intentions recognition system based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) is designed. The impact degree and friction work are taken as the evaluation standard of clutch control. The clutch controller is designed by using MPC control strategy, and the control effect is compared with the adaptive fuzzy neural network (AFNN) strategy. Finally, the validity of the control strategy is verified by simulation model and vehicle test. The results show that compared with the AFNN control strategy, the MPC control strategy can effectively control the clutch engagement and improve the vehicle launching quality.

Properties of Carbon Black Used as Catalysts for Methane Decomposition

Ling Han,박홍수,함현식,김명수,Shuangye Dai 한국응용과학기술학회 2006 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Direct decomposition of methane over three types of carbon black (N330-p, N330-f, and HI-900L) was carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor. Properties of carbon black before and after reaction were measured and found to be related with surface structure and weight gain. For N330-p and N330-f, some carbon deposit on the surface was considered to be the reason for the increase of BET surface area and pore volume with weight gain. Carbon deposits on the surface and the conglutination of some aggregates may explain the slight increase of particle size. Properties of HI-900L changed much more significantly with weight gain. It is supposed that the increase of aggregate size of HI-900L were due to some unknown oily components. The corresponding agglomeration might be the reason for the decrease of BET surface area with weight gain, as compared with the increase of that for the case of N330 black.

Evaluating the effect of the adoption of English as the default language on a homepage for a university in a non-English speaking university

Han-Chiang Ho,Ling Ling Lee,Ben K. Agyei-Mensah 한국교육개발원 2016 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.13 No.1

This paper presents an exploratory study using survey data collected at two universities in South Korea and China to analyze students’ opinions when a university in a non-English speaking country adopts English as the default language of its Web site homepage. The results show that Chinese students and non-Chinese Asian students have similar opinions toward this university promotion strategy, which makes the institution more attractive to prospective students, enhances the university’s image, and increases their willingness to apply. These findings suggest that in a highly competitive higher education market, a higher education institution in a non-English speaking country may employ English as its homepage default language to enhance student’s evaluation of it.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 and 6 regulate <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>-induced ethylene production in Arabidopsis

Han, Ling,Li, Guo-Jing,Yang, Kwang-Yeol,Mao, Guohong,Wang, Ruigang,Liu, Yidong,Zhang, Shuqun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The Plant journal Vol.64 No.1

<P>Summary</P><P>Plants challenged by pathogens, especially necrotrophic fungi such as <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>, produce high levels of ethylene. At present, the signaling pathways underlying the induction of ethylene after pathogen infection are largely unknown. MPK6, an Arabidopsis stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was previously shown to regulate the stability of ACS2 and ACS6, two type I ACS isozymes (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase). Phosphorylation of ACS2 and ACS6 by MPK6 prevents rapid degradation of ACS2/ACS6 by the 26S proteasome pathway, resulting in an increase in cellular ACS activity and ethylene biosynthesis. Here, we show that MPK3, which shares high homology and common upstream MAPK kinases with MPK6, is also capable of phosphorylating ACS2 and ACS6. In the <I>mpk3</I> mutant background, ethylene production in gain-of-function <I>GVG-NtMEK2</I><SUP><I>DD</I></SUP> transgenic plants was compromised, suggesting that MPK6 and MPK3 function together to stabilize ACS2 and ACS6. Using a liquid-cultured seedling system, we found that <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene biosynthesis was greatly compromised in <I>mpk3/mpk6</I> double mutant seedlings. In contrast, ethylene production decreased only slightly in the <I>mpk6</I> single mutant and not at all in the <I>mpk3</I> single mutant, demonstrating overlapping roles for these two highly homologous MAPKs in pathogen-induced ethylene induction. Consistent with the role of MPK3/MPK6 in the process, mutation of <I>ACS2</I> and <I>ACS6</I>, two genes encoding downstream substrates of MPK3/MPK6, also reduced <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene production. The residual levels of ethylene induction in the <I>acs2/acs6</I> double mutant suggest the involvement of additional ACS isoforms, possibly regulated by MAPK-independent pathway(s).</P>

Adsorption of O Atom on Cr (100), (110), (111), and (211) Surfaces: An 5-Parameter Morse Potential Method Study

Han, Ling-Li,Liu, Tao Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

The 5-parameter Morse potential (5-MP) method for the interaction between O atom and Cr surfaces is constructed in the present work. The adsorption of O on Cr (100), (110), (111), and (211) surfaces are studied with 5-MP in detail. The fourfold hollow site of the Cr (100) surface is favored for O atom. On Cr (110), quasithreefold site is favored with the parallel frequencies (the frequencies of O atom paralleling the metal surface) of 342 and 538 $cm^{-1}$, and perpendicular frequency (the frequency of O atom perpendicular to the metal surface) at 526 $cm^{-1}$. On Cr (111), the most favored mode for O atom is found to be the quasi-threefold site with the perpendicular frequency at 553 $cm^{-1}$ and the parallel frequencies at 253 and 399 $cm^{-1}$. According to our calculation results, we speculate the most preferred mode for O adsorption on Cr (211) surface is the quasithreefold site with the perpendicular frequency at 583 $cm^{-1}$ and the parallel frequencies at 449 and 185 $cm^{-1}$.

Caught between State and Motherhood: The Public Image of Female Entrepreneurs in Singapore

Ling Han,Chengpang Lee,Gracia Jieyi Lee 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 Asian Women Vol.37 No.2

Despite being known as a society with a high level of entrepreneurial activity, studies on female entrepreneurs in Singapore are sparse, and the proportion of women partaking in entrepreneurship remains low. As studies have shown, the socially constructed image of female entrepreneurs has the effect of either encouraging or impeding women’s entrepreneurial activities. This article explores the public image of female entrepreneurs and their changing status by tracing their media representation in Singapore’s major newspapers from the early 1980s to recently. Using content analysis from two major newspapers, we analyze how female entrepreneurs are constructed in the media and the changing discourse over time. We find that the discourse on female entrepreneurship presents persistent gender stereotypes centering on a few role models. These discourses show an embodiment of Singapore’s nationhood to encourage entrepreneurship through incorporating women’s roles at both the national economic and the domestic level to further the nation’s economic development. In recent years, while more young women entrepreneurs have emerged, their gender is seldom clearly identified in the news media unless they also embrace their roles as homemakers and child bearers. Our findings suggest that despite the government’s promotion of entrepreneurship to encourage women’s participation, the public image of a successful female entrepreneur has always been one that could contribute both to economic production and to homemaking and childbearing to further the nation. This image may subject women to the constant pressure of multiple role conflicts and also conceal alternative images of women entrepreneurs who depart from conventional stereotypes.

FUEL-SAVING CONTROL STRATEGY FOR FUEL VEHICLES WITH DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AND COMPUTER VISION

Han Ling,Liu Guopeng,Zhang Hui,Fang Ruoyu,Zhu Changsheng 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.3

This study uses deep reinforcement learning (DRL) combined with computer vision technology to investigate vehicle fuel economy. In a driving cycle with car-following and traffic light scenarios, the vehicle fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL can realize the cooperative control of the engine and continuously variable transmission. The visual processing method of the convolutional neural network is used to extract available visual information from an on-board camera, and other types of information are obtained through the vehicle’s inherent sensor. The various detected types of information are further used as the state of DRL, and the fuel-saving control strategy is built. A Carla–Simulink co-simulation model is established to evaluate the proposed strategy. An urban road driving cycle and highway road driving cycle model with visual information is built in Carla, and the vehicle power system is constructed in Simulink. Results show that the fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL and computer vision achieves improved fuel economy. In addition, in the Carla–Simulink co-simulation model, the fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL and computer vision consumes an average time of 17.55 ms to output control actions, indicating its potential for use in real-time applications.

Structure and Performances of xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Poly(vinyl alcohol) as Carbon Source

Chang-ling Fan,Wei-hua Zhang,Tao-tao Zeng,Ling-fang Li,Xiang Zhang,Shao-chang Han 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11

Poly(vinyl alcohol), whose pyrolysis carbon possesses high conductivity of 8.88 × 10−1 S/cm, was used to synthesize xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge and discharge experiments. Results show that LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C coexists in the cathode. The particles sizes of 0.75LiFePO4/C·0.25Li3V2(PO4)3/C (x = 0.75) are much smaller than 100 nm due to the role of poly(vinyl alcohol). Its conductivity is 8.79 × 10−2 S/cm. The oxidative and reductive peaks in cyclic voltammetry are sharp and symmetrical. Their low potential gaps indicate that the extractions and insertions of lithium ion possess excellent reversibility. Its discharge capacities at 1 and 5 C are 141.1 and 100.1 mAh/g. The more Li3V2(PO4)3/C in cathode results in the deterioration of electrochemical performances due to its low theoretical capacity. It is concluded that poly(vinyl alcohol) is an effective carbon source in the preparation of xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode with excellent performances.

The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Cheng Han Ng,Kai En Chan,Yip Han Chin,Rebecca Wenling Zeng,Pei Chen Tsai,Wen Hui Lim,Darren Jun Hao Tan,Chin Meng Khoo,Lay Hoon Goh,Zheng Jye Ling,Anand Kulkarni,Lung-Yi Loey Mak,Daniel Q Huang,Mark C 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes. Hence, we sought to conduct a retrospective analysis on the impact of diabetic status in NAFLD patients, referencing non-diabetic NAFLD individuals. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 was used. Hepatic steatosis was defined with United States Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI) and FLI at a cut-off of 30 and 60 respectively, in absence of substantial alcohol use. A multivariate generalized linear model was used for risk ratios of binary outcomes while survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression and Fine Gray model for competing risk. Results: Of 32,234 patients, 28.92% were identified to have NAFLD. 36.04%, 38.32% and 25.63% were non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic respectively. Diabetic NAFLD significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, chronic kidney disease, all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-diabetic NAFLD. However, prediabetic NAFLD only significantly increased the risk of CVD and did not result in a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: Given the increased risk of adverse outcomes, this study highlights the importance of regular diabetes screening in NAFLD and adoption of prompt lifestyle modifications to reduce disease progression. Facing high cardiovascular burden, prediabetic and diabetic NAFLD individuals can benefit from early cardiovascular referrals to reduce risk of CVD events and mortality.