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5-Lipoxygenase mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1.
Lee, Jung-Min,Park, Hyojung,Noh, A Long Sae Mi,Kang, Ju-Hee,Chen, Ling,Zheng, Ting,Lee, Juhyun,Ji, Sun-Young,Jang, Chang-Young,Shin, Chan Soo,Ha, Hyunil,Lee, Zang Hee,Park, Hea-Young,Lee, Dong-Seok,Yi American Association of Immunologists 2012 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the formation of two major groups of leukotrienes, leukotriene B4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and it has been implicated as a promising drug target to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we used mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) to show that 5-LO inhibitor suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Inhibition of 5-LO was associated with impaired activation of multiple signaling events downstream of RANK, including ERK and p38 phosphorylation, and IκB degradation, followed by a decrease in NFATc1 expression. Ectopic overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 partly rescued the antiosteoclastogenic effect of 5-LO inhibitor. The knockdown of 5-LO in BMMs also resulted in a significant reduction in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, accompanied by decreased expression of NFATc1. Similar effects were shown with CysLT receptor (CysLTR)1/2 antagonist and small RNA for CysLTR1 in BMMs, indicating the involvement of CysLT and CysLTR1 in 5-LO-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Finally, 5-LO inhibitor suppressed LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in the in vivo mouse experiments, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating diseases involving bone destruction. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that 5-LO is a key mediator of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and possibly a novel therapeutic target for bone-resorption diseases.</P>
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Lee, N.S.,Kim, J.S.,Cho, W.J.,Lee, M.R.,Steiner, R.,Gompers, A.,Ling, D.,Zhang, J.,Strom, P.,Behlke, M.,Moon, S.H.,Salvaterra, P.M.,Jove, R.,Kim, K.S. Academic Press 2008 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.377 No.2
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) possess the remarkable property of self-renewal and differentiation potency. They are model preparations for investigating the underlying mechanisms of ''stemness''. microRNAs are recently discovered small noncoding RNAs with a broad spectrum of functions, especially in control of development. Here, we show that miR-302b indirectly regulates expression of the pluripotent stem cell marker Oct4, and it directly regulates expression of Cyclin D2 protein, a developmental regulator during gastrulation. Using loss-of function and gain-of function approaches, we demonstrate that functional miR-302b is necessary to maintain stem cell self-renewal and inhibit neuronal differentiation of human ECCs. During retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation, Cyclin D2 protein but not mRNA expression is strongly increased, concurrent with the down-regulation of miR-302b and Oct4. Our results suggest that miR-302b plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotency of ECCs and probably ESCs, by post-transcriptional regulation of Cyclin D2 expression.
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Technology readiness trait – does it has a role to accelerate patient’s adoption of e-health?
LEE Wan Ling,LIM Zi Jing 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed the digital transformation of healthcare but the extent to which patients are ready to adopt e-health is yet to be determined, including middle-income countries. Among the many patient determinants of e-health being studied, an innate trait called “technology readiness” is underexplored in clinical research. Study aimed to examine the role patient’s technology readiness (TR) in relation to e-health literacy (eHL) that influence e-health adoption Method(s): A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A total of 276 adult in-patients with hypertension, diabetic mellitus and coronary heart disease had completed eHealth Literacy Scale, Technology Readiness Index (2.0), behaviour and perceived use of digital technology in addressing health problem. Hierarchical linear regression analysis using entry block was performed to examine the effects of the four subdomains of TR on eHL after controlling for other independent variables. Result(s): Patients had moderate TR (mean =3.03). Regression model shows TR is a strong determinant of eHL (Δ R2 =.295, P<.001) with its subdomains (optimism, innovativeness and discomfort) significantly influencing eHL (|β| = 0.28-0.40; P values < 0.001), except for the subdomain insecurity. Among the 97.1 % of patients owning the smartphone, about 24% and 12% used mobile health apps and fitness devices, respectively. The low 22% patients read health-related materials presents a concern in view that digital materials are often heavily textual. Conclusion(s): The deployment of digital health interventions should incorporate assessment of patients’ TR for targeted strategies. Design and delivery of technology-based interventions that are tailored to patient’s TR will enhance better patient engagement and adoption of e-health.
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Kongzi’s Approach to social and Reclusive Lifestyles
( Lee Hsing-ling ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2016 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.26
相較於孔子之世的隱者追求自身淸白遁世的態度, 孔子認爲値此濁世固吾人所不欲, 仍不應消極拋開應承負道德責任的義務與放棄自我實現的可能。因此, 孔子秉持“隱居以求其志, 行義以達其道”的原則自我要求。隱居時所求之“志”, 與用仕時所實現之“道”, 乃二而一。一者言其潛隱, 一者言其顯發, 二者乃仁者仕與不仕兩面之表現。隱居時, 沈潛於道德修養及知識的充實, 保持自我批判的覺知與社會批判的良知, 不隨濁流, 不改其志, 以等待適切的實現機會, 卽是“忠”道的表現;待到得意用仕時, 正提供士人一個“成物”的客觀有力條件, 旣取得有力之勢, 則可藉勢推倡理想的仁政義道, 滌淨私欲, 助人“成己”, 也就達到“成物”的目的, 亦卽是“恕”道的表現。本文藉先秦儒家傳世典籍與出土文獻郭店簡〈窮達以時〉與上博簡《詩論》等新材料解析, 檢視孔子依於“用行舍藏”淑世原則, 無可無不可的時中觀, 藉由思索孔子對隱者的反思, 對執政治價値態度的批判所採取的“不用之用”, 正顯示其道德主體價値抉擇的力量, 反對被利祿收編而妥協喪失發言權。當代知識分子的價値挺立, 當展現在:勇於站在主流意識的對立面, 保住對世界的理想性, 持續關注社會時事, 與時時自覺得自我批判性。 Confucianism holds that human nature is given by Heaven and inherent human nature functions as a kind of moral guide in the course of moral self-cultivation, particularly in its enjoining of mercy for all human beings and himself. Confucian thought holds both that our human nature contains the noble virtues and that people are obligated to assume certain unavoidablemoral duties which are essentially social in their nature. Kongzi 孔子(i.e. Confucius, 551-479 BCE) was opposed to the reclusive attitude of hermits. Though we may not want to live in tough times, we are nevertheless not supposed to avoid our moral duties. Kongzi maintained the following position, “Living in reclusion to seek their aims, and practicing righteousness to carry out their principles” (隱居以求其志, 行義以達其道). In this regard, Kongzi pursued a unity between living in reclusion and entering government service in the sense that the two ways of life can be seen as seeking the same goal. In reclusion, we are supposed to cultivate our morality and enrich knowledge, waiting for appropriate opportunities to fulfill the goals true to our nature, which is called zhong 忠 (loyalty). In public office, we become able to grasp the opportunities provided to actualize benevolent policies and help people accomplish their goals, which is called shu 恕 (tolerance/forgiveness). This position in the Lunyu 論語 (i.e. Analects) can be understood as a manifestation of the Confucian general principle of ren 仁 (benevolence). In sum, Kongzi put a great emphasis on the balance between one’s private moral self-cultivation and one’s broader social responsibilities. [Article in Chinese]
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Lee Kai-Sean,Sia, Ming-Hui,Lui, Karen-Koon-Ling,Lee, Sang-Hyeop 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2018 산업혁신연구 Vol.34 No.3
이 연구는 말레이시아 클랑 밸리 (Klang Valley)의 도시 맥락에서 6 명의 주 방장 겸 기업가의 성공 과정을 조사하고 있다. 여러 케이스 스터디 접근법을 사용하여 각 주방 장의 개인 경력에 대한 통찰력을 얻었다. 음식 분야에서의 각 요리사의 초기 열정에서 궁극적인 기업 성공에 이르기까지 어떠한 스토리가 있는지 알아보았다. 본 질적으로 이 연구는 말레이시아 밀레니엄 요리사의 경력 과정뿐만 아니라 기업가들에게 도 기존 문 헌의 이론적 근거를 제공하고자 한다. This study investigates the career processes of six chef-entrepreneurs’ success in the urban context of Klang Valley, Malaysia. A multiple-case study approach was employed to gain insights into each chef’s personal careers, where a total of nine ‘career chapters’ were narrated, in which began from each chef’s initial passion in the field of food to their eventual entrepreneurial successes. In essence, this study provides an understanding of not only the career processes of Malaysian millennial chefs, but also entrepreneurs through the theoretical basis of existing literature. It helps industry practitioners in understanding the needs, wants, and ambitions of chefs of the millennial generation, which suggests that the chef profession represents one of not only culinary technicians, but also entrepreneurial and business prowess.
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Inhibition of VLA-4/VCAM-1-mediated Cell Adhesion by Triterpenoid Saponins from Bupleurum falcatum L
Lee, Seung-Woong,Kim, Min-Seok,Lim, Ju-Hwan,Chang, Jong-Sun,Ling, Jin,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Lee, Woo-Song,Rho, Mun-Chual Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.7
Discovery and isolation of compounds capable of blocking the interactions between VCAM-1 and VLA-4, a major pair of adhesion molecules contributing to the different steps of leukocyte migration across the endothelium in inflammatory responses, has been a major goal of this lab. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, five saikosaponins were subsequently isolated from the methanol extracts of the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis ($^1H-$, $^{13}C$-NMR and 2D-NMR), as follows, saikosaponins: A (1); D (2); C (3); B3 (4); B4 (5). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited interaction of sVCAM-1 and VLA-4 of THP-1 cells with respective $IC_{50}$ values of 7.8 and 1.7 ${\mu}M$. The aglycone structure of 2 also showed cell adhesion inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 21.1 ${\mu}M$. With these results, we suspect these two saikosaponins from the Bupleurum falcatum L. roots to be prime candidates for therapeutic strategies towards inflammation.
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Caught between State and Motherhood: The Public Image of Female Entrepreneurs in Singapore
Ling Han,Chengpang Lee,Gracia Jieyi Lee 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 Asian Women Vol.37 No.2
Despite being known as a society with a high level of entrepreneurial activity, studies on female entrepreneurs in Singapore are sparse, and the proportion of women partaking in entrepreneurship remains low. As studies have shown, the socially constructed image of female entrepreneurs has the effect of either encouraging or impeding women’s entrepreneurial activities. This article explores the public image of female entrepreneurs and their changing status by tracing their media representation in Singapore’s major newspapers from the early 1980s to recently. Using content analysis from two major newspapers, we analyze how female entrepreneurs are constructed in the media and the changing discourse over time. We find that the discourse on female entrepreneurship presents persistent gender stereotypes centering on a few role models. These discourses show an embodiment of Singapore’s nationhood to encourage entrepreneurship through incorporating women’s roles at both the national economic and the domestic level to further the nation’s economic development. In recent years, while more young women entrepreneurs have emerged, their gender is seldom clearly identified in the news media unless they also embrace their roles as homemakers and child bearers. Our findings suggest that despite the government’s promotion of entrepreneurship to encourage women’s participation, the public image of a successful female entrepreneur has always been one that could contribute both to economic production and to homemaking and childbearing to further the nation. This image may subject women to the constant pressure of multiple role conflicts and also conceal alternative images of women entrepreneurs who depart from conventional stereotypes.
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