Over-expression of GmMYB39 leads to an inhibition of the isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean (Glycine max. L)

Liu, Xiaoqing,Yuan, Lingling,Xu, Ling,Xu, Zhaolong,Huang, Yihong,He, Xiaolan,Ma, Hongxiang,Yi, Jinxin,Zhang, Dayong 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

In this paper, we isolated and characterized a gene encoding the soybean MYB transcription factor, GmMYB39 (Accession No: XM_003538605). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that GmMYB39 contained N-terminal R2R3 repeats that corresponded to the DNA-binding domain of plant MYB-type proteins, which were highly conserved among the R2R3-MYB proteins. The detailed expression pattern of GmMYB39 in various tissues of soybean was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR. The transcript level was found to be higher in flowers than in other examined organs. In contrast, the GmMYB39 expression level was relatively weak in the pod. The GmMYB39-GFP fusion protein was found to localize in the nucleus of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Over-expression of GmMYB39 in hairy roots resulted in a significant reduction of the transcript levels of PAL, C4H, CHS, 4CL, and CHR. Whereas, the IFS transcript level was slightly but not significantly increased, and no significant change in CHI expression was observed between over-expression and control roots. The repressing effect on expression of CHS was further supported by the results from co-transfection assays of CHS promoter (reporter) and GmMYB39 (effector) in soybean. Compared to the control (only with the reporter construct), a significant decrease in the GUS activity was observed in soybean hairy roots with both effector and reporter constructs. Furthermore, an ultimate decrease in isoflavonoids contents coincided with the decrease in the transcript levels of PAL, C4H, CHS, 4CL, and CHR. Overall, the results suggest that GmMYB39 plays an inhibiting role in regulating the isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.

OPTIMIZATION CONTROL OF CVT CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT BASED ON MPC

Ling Han,Hongxiang Liu,Jinwu Wang,Shaosong Li,Leilei Ren 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.6

As an important part of continuously variable transmission (CVT) vehicle power transmission system, drive, neutral and reverse (DNR) wet clutch has the function of transmitting or interrupting vehicle power. However, due to the complex and variable working conditions of the clutch, it is difficult to achieve precise control of the clutch by the traditional control strategy. To solve this problem, a clutch control optimization algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. In order to identify and track the driver’s launching intentions, a driver’s launching intentions recognition system based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) is designed. The impact degree and friction work are taken as the evaluation standard of clutch control. The clutch controller is designed by using MPC control strategy, and the control effect is compared with the adaptive fuzzy neural network (AFNN) strategy. Finally, the validity of the control strategy is verified by simulation model and vehicle test. The results show that compared with the AFNN control strategy, the MPC control strategy can effectively control the clutch engagement and improve the vehicle launching quality.

Traffic Offloading in Two-Tier Multi-Mode Small Cell Networks over Unlicensed Bands: A Hierarchical Learning Framework

( Youming Sun ),( Hongxiang Shao ),( Xin Liu ),( Jian Zhang ),( Junfei Qiu ),( Yuhua Xu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.11

This paper investigates the traffic offloading over unlicensed bands for two-tier multi-mode small cell networks. We formulate this problem as a Stackelberg game and apply a hierarchical learning framework to jointly maximize the utilities of both macro base station (MBS) and small base stations (SBSs). During the learning process, the MBS behaves as a leader and the SBSs are followers. A pricing mechanism is adopt by MBS and the price information is broadcasted to all SBSs by MBS firstly, then each SBS competes with other SBSs and takes its best response strategies to appropriately allocate the traffic load in licensed and unlicensed band in the sequel, taking the traffic flow payment charged by MBS into consideration. Then, we present a hierarchical Q-learning algorithm (HQL) to discover the Stackelberg equilibrium. Additionally, if some extra information can be obtained via feedback, we propose an improved hierarchical Q-learning algorithm (IHQL) to speed up the SBSs` learning process. Last but not the least, the convergence performance of the proposed two algorithms is analyzed. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the proposed schemes and show the effectiveness.

Protective effect of resveratrol on arsenic trioxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Weiqian Zhang,Yan Liu,Ming Ge,Jiang Jing,Yan Chen,Huijie Jiang,Hongxiang Yu,Ning Li,Zhigang Zhang 한국영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arsenic, which causes human carcinogenicity, is ubiquitous in the environment. This study was designed to evaluate modulation of arsenic induced cancer by resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in vegetal dietary sources that has antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, in arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃)-induced Male Wistar rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Adult rats received 3 mg/kg As₂O3 (intravenous injection, iv.) on alternate days for 4 days. Resveratrol(8 mg/kg) was administered (iv.) 1 h before As₂O₃ treatment. The plasma and homogenization enzymes associated with oxidative stress of rat kidneys were measured, the kidneys were examined histologically and trace element contents were assessed. RESULTS: Rats treated with As₂O₃ had significantly higher oxidative stress and kidney arsenic accumulation; however, pretreatment with resveratrol reversed these changes. In addition, prior to treatment with resveratrol resulted in lower blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and insignificant renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Furthermore, the presence of resveratrol preserved the selenium content (0.805 ± 0.059 μg/g) of kidneys in rats treated with As₂O₃. However, resveratrol had no effect on zinc level in the kidney relative to As₂O₃-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that supplementation with resveratrol alleviated nephrotoxicity by improving antioxidant capacity and arsenic efflux. These findings suggest that resveratrol has the potential to protect against kidney damage in populations exposed to arsenic.

Over-expression of GmMYB39 leads to an inhibition of the isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean (Glycine max. L)

Jinxin Yi,Xiaoqing Liu,Lingling Yuan,Ling Xu,Zhaolong Xu,Yihong Huang,Xiaolan He,Hongxiang Ma,Dayong Zhang 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

In this paper, we isolated and characterized a gene encoding the soybean MYB transcription factor, GmMYB39 (Accession No: XM_003538605). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that GmMYB39 contained N-terminal R2R3 repeats that corresponded to the DNA-binding domain of plant MYB-type proteins, which were highly conserved among the R2R3-MYB proteins. The detailed expression pattern of GmMYB39 in various tissues of soybean was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR. The transcript level was found to be higher in flowers than in other examined organs. In contrast, the GmMYB39 expression level was relatively weak in the pod. The GmMYB39–GFP fusion protein was found to localize in the nucleus of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Over-expression of GmMYB39 in hairy roots resulted in a significant reduction of the transcript levels of PAL, C4H, CHS, 4CL, and CHR. Whereas, the IFS transcript level was slightly but not significantly increased, and no significant change in CHIexpression was observed between over-expression and control roots. The repressing effect on expression of CHS was further supported by the results from co-transfection assays of CHS promoter (reporter) and GmMYB39 (effector) in soybean. Compared to the control (only with the reporter construct), a significant decrease in the GUS activity was observed in soybean hairy roots with both effector and reporter constructs. Furthermore, an ultimate decrease in isoflavonoids contents coincided with the decrease in the transcript levels of PAL, C4H, CHS, 4CL, and CHR. Overall, the results suggest that GmMYB39 plays an inhibiting role in regulating the isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.

1-Oxoeudesm-11(13)-ene-12,8α-lactone-induced Apoptosis via ROS Generation and Mitochondria Activation in MCF-7 Cells

Min Cui,Xia Li,Yahong Zhang,Shanshan Liu,Weidong Xie,Mei Ji,Hongxiang Lou 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.8

A novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compound, 1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8a-lactone (OEL), was isolated from Aster himalaicus. Its effect on apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells was investigated. MTT assay showed that OEL substantially reduced the viability of KB, MCF-7, U87, A172, and MG-63 cells. MCF-7 cells were used to further evaluate the antitumor effects and anticancer mechanisms of OEL. OEL-induced apoptosis was characterized by chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and phosphatidylserine on extracellular surface; these effects were confirmed by DAPI nuclear staining and flow cytometry. Increased expression of Bax and deceased expression of Bcl-2 were also observed in OELtreated MCF-7 cells. Moreover, OEL induced the loss of mitochondria membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-9, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria activation were involved in apoptosis induced by OEL in MCF-7 cells. The results from our study demonstrated that OEL may be a promising pro-apoptotic compound that could be used to develop novel anticancer drugs.