COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN AND BENEFITS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TURPAN VALLEY, XINJIANG AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA

Cheng,Soo May,Yang,Li,Dong,Lin 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

While western scholars such as Jamal and Gertz (1995), Tosun (2005), Fallon and Kriwoken (2003), usually presume that community participation is critical to sustainable tourism development, Chinese scholar Wenjun Li (2006) boldly states that it is possible for a community to achieve benefits of tourism development despite weak involvement in the planning and management of a tourist destination. Our survey of government officials, tourist business operators and residents in seven locations in the World Heritage-listed Turpan Valley in the Xinjiang province found that top-down, government-led participation is necessary and desirable, and does not detract from stakeholders' perception that they are sharing in the benefits of tourism development in the region.

Effects of Mold Growth on Building Materials by Different Environments in Taiwan

An Cheng,Yu Hsin,Wei-Ting Lin 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.18 No.4

The main of study is to investigate the effect of moisture variation and micro-structure on the growth mold at surface of buildingmaterials. The two different water-cement ratio of mortars (w/c = 0.4, 0.6), brick and tiles were used in this study. The mercuryIntrusion Porosity-Meter (MIP) was used to determine the pore distribution of building materials. The moisture variation of materialswas recorded in constant climate chamber (25oC, relative humidity 80%), general indoor environment (28oC, relative humidity 55%)and water damage simulation environment. The results indicated that the pore size and distribution will affect the surface water ratioand moisture content of materials. The surface water ratio of specimen was affected by different environment seriously. The surfacewater ratio was an important factor in mold growth.

Relaxation Effect of Schisandra Chinensis Lignans on the Isolated Tracheal Smooth Muscle in Rats and Its Mechanism

Cheng-Cheng Lin,Zhi-Ying Xu,Bi-Han Wang,Wenyue Zhuang,Jinghui Sun,He Li,JianGuang Chen,Chunmei Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.8

Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is one of the core drugs used for relieving cough and asthma in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few basic studies on the treatment of respiratory diseases with S. chinensis in modern pharmacology, and the material basis and mechanism of its antiasthmatic effect are still unclear. Lignans are the main active components of S. chinensis. The aim of this study was to observe the relaxation effect of S. chinensis lignans (SCL) on the tracheal smooth muscle of rats by in vitro tracheal perfusion experiments, and to explore the mechanism by preincubation with L-type calcium channel blocker verapamil, four potassium channel blockers glibenclamide, tetraethylamine, 4-aminopyridine and barium chloride (BaCl2), β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, respectively. The results showed that SCL (0.25–1.75 mg/mL) reduced the contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle induced by acetylcholine, the preincubation with verapamil and glibenclamide could attenuate the relaxation effect, whereas propranolol, 4-aminopyridine, BaCl2, tetraethylamine, L-NAME, and indomethacin had no such effect. These results suggest that SCL has a significant relaxation effect on the isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rats, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of extracellular calcium influx and intracellular calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. These findings may provide a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of S. chinensis to treat asthma.

Thermal Stability, Adhesion and Electrical Studies on (Ti,Zr)Nx Thin Films as Low Resistive Diffusion Barriers between Cu and Si

Cheng-Lin Huang,Chih-Huang Lai,Po-Hao Tsai,Yu-Lin Kuo,Jing-Cheng Lin,Chiapyng Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

In this study, we investigated the thermal stability, wettability, adhesion and reliability of (Ti,Zr)Nx films used as the diffusion barrier between Cu and Si. (Ti,Zr)Nx films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from a Ti-5 at. % Zr alloy target in N2/Ar gas mixtures. A minimum film resistivity of 59.3 μΩ cm was obtained at an N2/Ar flow ratio of 2.75, which corresponds to the near stoichiometric composition (N/(Ti,Zr) ratio ~0.95). The sheet resistance of Cu/(Ti,Zr)N0.95/Si was not significantly increased until annealing above 750°C, indicating good thermal stability. On the other hand, the adhesion energy between Cu and the (Ti,Zr)Nx film was reduced as the N/Ti ratio was increased. To obtain reliable performance on stress-induced-voiding (SIV) and electromigration (EM) tests, we proposed to use (Ti,Zr)/(Ti,Zr)Nx/(Ti,Zr) tri-layers. We suggest that the interfacial adhesion between barrier and Cu plays an important role in reliability. The proposed tri-layer structure may be a promising candidate for a barrier, as it exhibits excellent reliability without increasing resistance.

Characteristics of Reactively Sputtered Niobium Nitride Thin Films as Diffusion Barriers for Cu Metallization

Cheng-Lin Huang,Chih-Huang Lai,Po-Hao Tsai,Hsing-An Huang,Jing-Cheng Lin,Chiapyng Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.5

NbN films were prepared by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and then employed as diffusion barriers between Cu and Si. The microstructure of the NbN films was an assembly of very small columnar crystallites with a cubic structure. To investigate the properties as diffusion barriers, we performed metallurgical reactions of Cu/NbN0.8/Si, Cu/Nb/Si and Cu/TaN0.7/Si for comparisons. The sheet resistance increased dramatically after annealing above 750°C for Cu/NbN0.80/Si, and above 500°C for both Cu/Nb/Si and Cu/TaN0.7/Si. The interfaces were deteriorated seriously and formation of Cu3Si was observed when the sheet resistance was significantly increased. The diffusion coefficient of Cu in NbN barrier films was estimated by using the change of resistance (ΔRs/Rs %). Compared with TaN0.7, NbN0.8 films possess larger grain size and lower Cu diffusion coefficient. Our results suggest that the NbN film can be used as a diffusion barrier for Cu metallization as compared to the well-known TaN film.

Hydration of DCPD over sulfonic acid-functionalized SBA-15 catalyst

Yu-Cheng Lin,Yu-Wei Huang,Ku-Hsiang Sung,Tsung-Han Lin,Soofin Cheng 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-

Sulfonic acid-functionalized SBA-15 materials (SA-SBA-15) with ordered channeling pores weresynthesized by one-pot co-condensation and used to catalyze the hydration of dicyclopentadiene(DCPD). The target product, cydecanol (DCPD-OH) has been used as a modifier for polyester or alkydresin. Propylsulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 was found to be more efficient than the silica gelcounterpart or arylsulfonic acid functionalized material in catalyzing DCPD hydration to yield DCPD-OH. The DCPD conversion and DCPD-OH yield increased with the decrease in H2O/DCPD ratio. Optimal DCPDconversion and DCPD-OH selectivity were obtained with the molar composition of DCPD:H2O:H+[1TD$DIF]-catalyst = 1:30:0.1.

Changes in prostate-specific antigen kinetics during androgen-deprivation therapy as a predictor of response to abiraterone in chemonaïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Chung-Lin Lee,Ying-Hsu Chang,Chung-Yi Liu,Ming-Li Hsieh,Liang-Kang Huang,Yuan-Cheng Chu,Hung-Cheng Kan,Po-Hung Lin,Kai-Jie Yu,Cheng-Keng Chuang,Chun-Te Wu,See-Tong Pang,I-Hung Shao 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.5

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. Abiraterone acetate (AA), enzalutamide, and chemotherapy are first-line treatments for patients with mCRPC. This study examined prognostic factors for AA response in the form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics throughout androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in chemonaïve patients with mCRPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included data from 34 chemonaïve patients with mCRPC who had received AA at some point between January 2017 and December 2018. We separated patients into two study arms according to the decrease in PSA percentages after use of AA for 3 months. We correlated PSA kinetics parameters with response and compared the two study groups with respect to PSA kinetics. Results: The patients’ median age was 77 years. In the total group of patients, 64% had a response to AA, whereas 35% did not. The ratio of the PSA level at nadir to the level during ADT was significantly higher in the AA-sensitive group (19.78 vs. 1.03, p=0.019). Conclusions: Patients who experienced a dramatic change in PSA level during ADT were more likely to be resistant to AA after progression to mCRPC. Chemotherapy rather than AA might be more suitable as a first-line treatment for these patients.

A Data Fusion Algorithm of the Nonlinear System Based on Filtering Step By Step

Cheng-lin Wen,Quan-bo Ge 대한전기학회 2006 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.4 No.2

This paper proposes a data fusion algorithm of nonlinear multisensor dynamic systems of synchronous sampling based on filtering step by step. Firstly, the object state variable at the next time index can be predicted by the previous global information with the systems, then the predicted estimation can be updated in turn by use of the extended Kalman filter when all of the observations aiming at the target state variable arrive. Finally a fusion estimation of the object state variable is obtained based on the system global information. Synchronously, we formulate the new algorithm and compare its performances with those of the traditional nonlinear centralized and distributed data fusion algorithms by the indexes that include the computational complexity, data communicational burden, time delay and estimation accuracy, etc .. These compared results indicate that the performance from the new algorithm is superior to the performances from the two traditional nonlinear data fusion algorithms.

Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Lin, Cheng-Yung,Lin, Liang-Chuan,Hsu, Jenn-Chung Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of caponization on the muscle composition, ATP-related compounds, the shear values, the taste panel scores and the muscle fiber areas of Taiwan country chicken cockerels. At 10 wks of age, cockerels were divided into two groups: caponized and untreated. Birds were fed grower and finisher diets ad libitum in an eighteen-week experimental period. Results showed that capons contained significantly greater muscle fat content, less breast and thigh muscle moisture content, shear value and muscle fiber area (p<0.05) than those of intact birds. However, neither treatment groups differed significantly (p>0.05) in breast and thigh muscle protein content. Compared with the intact birds, the capons contained significantly (p<0.05) less muscle ash content in the breasts, but did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in thigh muscle ash content. The breast muscle IMP and ATP+ADP+AMP+IMP contents in the intact birds were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the capons. The intact birds had significantly (p<0.05) higher ATP and AMP contents than did the capons as well as significantly (p<0.05) less ADP and inosine (HxR) contents in the thigh and breast muscles. The Hypoxanthine (Hx) content of the thighs in the intact birds was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the capons; however, there was an adverse effect on the breast muscle Hx content. The breast muscle K value in the intact birds was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in the capons. The capons produced significantly (p<0.05) higher taste panel scores than did the intact birds for both flavor and juiciness of thigh muscle as well as for flavor and tenderness of breast muscle.

DEA모형과 Tier분석을 이용한 한,중 주요 항만배후단지 효율성 분석

( Cheng Lin Qing ),( Ju Mong Na ) 국제지역학회 2013 국제지역학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.-

본 연구는 DEA 기법을 적용하여 동북아지역에서 컨테이너 처리량이 30위 안에 들어있는 한국과 중국의 항만배후단지를 대상으로 상대적 효율성을 분석하였다. 비효율 적인 항만배후단지들의 Tier분석을 통해 벤치마킹 대상인 항만배후단지들을 찾아냄으로써 경로군집을 발견하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통적인 DEA 분석에서 CCR 모형을 이용하여 연구대상의 상대적인 효율성을 분석한 결과, 홍콩 항만배후단지가 2008년부터 2012년까지, 심천 항만배후단지는 2008년부터 2009년까지, 광저우 항만배후단지는 2010년부터 2012년까지 효율적인 벤치마킹 항만배후단지로 나타났다. 둘째, Post-DEA를 활용하여 2012년의 비효율적인 항만배후단지들에 대해 Tier 1단계의 분석을 하였는데 심천항만배후단지, Tier 2단계에서는 상하이와 청도 항만배후단지, Tier 3단계에서는 닝보 항만배후단지가 효율적인 벤치마킹 대상으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이를 바탕으로 한국의 부산, 광양, 인천 항만배후단지에 대해서 Tier 단계별로 단기→중기→장기로 나누어서 실제적으로 실현가능성이 있는 단계별 벤치마킹 대상을 제시하였다. This study analyzed the relative efficiency of the port hinterland which was ranked in 30th in terms of container throughput in South Korea and China by applying the DEA technique of non-parametric analysis of efficiency. Path formation has been found by the Tier analysis of inefficient port hinterland to find the target of benchmarking. The main analysis results are as follows. First, analysis of the relative efficiency of the study using CCR model in traditional DEA analysis, Hongkong port hinterland from 2008 to 2012, Shenzhen from 2008 to 2009, and Guangzhou from 2010 to 2012 had turned to be the effective benchmarking port hinterland. Second, there are different result of the efficient benchmarks based on Tier analysis using Post-DEA regarding inefficient port hinterlands in 2012. The result indicates that Shenzhen at the Tier level 1, Shanghai and Qingdao at the Tier level 2, and Ningbo at the Tier level 3 were the effective benchmarks at each Tier level. Third, based on the result, this study suggests a step-by-step practical and feasible benchmark for Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon port hinterland in Korea to fulfill Tier analysis by long-term→mid-term→short-term.