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權五勳,崔京九 漢陽大學校 人文科學大學 1981 人文論叢 Vol.1 No.-
This stuey aimed at developing a social, psychological model and also ding some basic hypothetical propositions from the model for further research of subjective welfare. The relations between subjective welfare and social development were also treated in this paper. Subjective welfare means the subjective and psychological satisfaction mainly based on affective evaluations on the whole fields of life in which the objective, environmental conditions and subjective values are mutually connected. The research of subjective welfare is a new area which has been followed after the study of social indicator. The study of social indicators was developed in the contexto of emerging limitations of economic indecators which had been for a long time a major tool for the description of social development. Therefore, social indicators could should express the neglected but important social fields which are losely related to man's quality of life not merely indicating economic phenomenon. social indicators in early days referred to only objective environment, e.g., population, health, housing, education, etc. 'Social indicatr movement' was thus challenged by the question whether it could really express the guality of man's life. Therefore, it was stressd to look into the minds of individuals, the subjective aspects of society members in order to investigate morefully the guality of life. That is why the subjective welfare study was originated. The model developed in this paper regards need as the independent variable and subjective welfare as the dependent variable. On the other hand, level of aspiration, achievement motivation and actual achievement are treated as the intervenign variables. The result of multiplication of these three intervening variables (Higher or lower level of aspiration by Higher or lower achievement motivation by Higher or lower actual achievement) produces 8 types of analytic constructs as follows. levl of achievement actual asppiration motivation motivation 1. Developmental-achieving H H H 2. Status quo-powerless L L L 3. Sincere-achieving L H H 4. Insincere-powerless H L L 5. Developmental-simple honest H H L 6. Status quo-expedient L L H 7. Insincere-expedient H L H 8. Sincere-simple honest L H L (H.higher, L;lower) The hypothetical propositions derived from the relationships among the variables are as follows. 1) Cultural needs which can not be solved in a short period produce aspirations. 2) The higher the level of aspiration, the higher the achievement motivation. 3) The higher the achievement motivation, the higher the actual achievement. 4) sincere personality is more concerned positively with achievement motivation. 5) Insincere personality is inclined to decrease achivement motivation, 6) The expedient would increase actual achievement. 7) The simple honest tends to decrease the actual achievement. 8) Personality variable can be influential to the rebelionship between level of aspiration and achievement motivation. 9) The distributive justice of society can be influential to the relationship between achievement motivation and actual achievement. 10) The complex of level of aspiration, achievement motivation and actual achievement can be influential to subjective wefare. 11) Apart from level of aspiration and achievement motivation, actual achievement can be independently influential to subjective welfare. 12) The degree of subjective welfare would be the highest in Developmental-achieving, followde by Sincere-achieving, Status quo-expedient, Insincere-expedient, Status quo-powerless, Insincere powerless. Develomental-simple honest, and Sincere-simple honest. 13) The actual achieving types (Type 1, 3, 6, 7, )will show stable social-psychological symptoms such as self-confidence, self-esteem and /or faith, while the actually low achieving typer(Type 2,4,5,8) will show conflicting social-psychological symptoms such as anomie, alienation and/or relative deprivation. Welfare state can be considered as a society where the values of economic and opportunity security are guranteed and maintained. Therefor the well developed social indicators of subjective welfare can contribute to public administration by according useful data on satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the whole fields of life through the time-series and cross-sectional analysis. Moreover, the eight types of analytic constructs which were made from intervening variables can be used as a kind of scale of welfare society. If a society contains more humans like 'Dvelopmental-achieving' or 'Sincere-achieving' than 'Status quo-powerless' or 'Insinere-powerless', then, we can regard it as where economic and opportunity security are well established and vice versa. Finally it is important to remember that the analysis above is based primarily on a proposition, i.e., the more a society develops, the more the subjective welfare increases. But it does not necessarily mean the converse s true.
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태생 36주에 발견한 선천성 에푸리스(congenital epulis)의 치험례
김가영,권오승,백경식,송우식,김인권 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.4
The congenital epulis of newborn is a rare benign tumor that occurs on the gingiva of the anterior alveolar ridge of the jaws, also known as a congenital granular cell tumor. Females are affected 8 - 10 times more often than males. The typical location is the alveolar ridge of the maxilla near the canine but the mandibular region can also be involved. The lesion may be sessile or pedunculated with red or normal color. The size of tumor varies from several millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter. Surgical excision is generally indicated and no recurrences have been noticed. Spontaneous regression is rare. It is histologically similar to the granular cell tumor, although pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia does not occur in the former lesion. Thus sheets of large, closely packed cells showing fine, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm comprise the tumor mass. This is a case report of congenital epulis in the fetus. The lesion was detected in ultrasonogram, its size is 3cm in diameter. The infant showed nursing disturbance and respiratory obstruction after birth, so the tumor was surgically excised under local anesthesia.
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林貞煥,宋明燮,金在慶,金炳業,權五範 大邱敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1987 과학·수학교육연구 Vol.11 No.-
Two subjects, Science teaching method and Study of the subject matters, are established to let students have the ability to teach the elementary science. It is an overwthelming view that Science teaching method course are merely divided into the above-mentioned two subjects by the elevation from the junior college to the senior one. But the authors discussed this theme on the junior college to the senior one. But the authors discussed this theme on the viewpoint that Study of the subject matters, newly established, is the result reflecting the significance of the elevation, not just the division of Science teaching method course inaugurated in the junior college period. The subject matters in the elementary school should include the fundamental concepts to attain the goal of the subject. That is, the subject matters should include the learning contents with the educational significance. Therefore, Study of the subject matters is defined as studying what these contents may signify educationally. From these points of view, Study of the subject matters is: 1) the study intended for the subject matters of the elementary school. That is ① what the fundamental concepts are, ② how they are related each other, ③ what their educational significance is. 2) to study the educational significance of the other subject contents. 3) a study for establishing the pertinent goal and selecting the subject matters to attain this goal when the educational conditions, such as the actual state and environment of children, are given. The authors discussed about article 1) in this paper.
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김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2
Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.
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The Preparation of Exfoliated Graphite by Using Microwave
Kwon, Oh-Yun,Choi, Sang-Won,Park, Kyeong-Won,Kwon, Young-Bae 한국공업화학회 2003 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.9 No.6
The exfoliated graphite (EG) was prepared by the microwave treatment for graphite-SO₃ intercala-tion compounds (GIC). GIC was prepared by direct reaction of flake graphite with SO₃ gas. The maximum amount of loaded SO₃ per 1g of graphite is over 0.6g, depending upon reaction time and SO, concentration. The XRD pattern for the GIC shows that the (002) reflection of graphite (d=0.335 nm) disappears and the patterns change with reaction time. The bulk density was a range of 4.5 × 10" gkm' to 9.5 × 10^-3 g/㎤, depending on the reaction time with SO; gas. The oil sorption capacity for exfoliated graphite with 5. I × 10^-3 g/㎤ of bulk density by microwave treatment was found to be 88g of c-grade heavy oil, 75 g of crude heavy oil, and 55 g of diesel oil per 1g of exfoliated graphite. This result indicates that the volume expansion by microwave can he another route for the preparation of exfoliated graphite with excellent physical properties.
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Oh, Do-Youn,Kim, Tae-Yong,Kwon, Jung Hye,Lee, Jae-Jin,Joh, Yohan,Kim, Dong-Wan,Kim, Tae-You,Heo, Dae Seog,Bang, Yung-Jue,Kim, Noe Kyeong Oxford University Press 2005 Japanese journal of clinical oncology Vol.35 No.7
<P><B>Background:</B> Our objective was to verify the efficacy and safety of ‘docetaxel + 5-fluorouracil + cisplatin’ 3-day combination chemotherapy as a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable gastric cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> Between January and November 2002, we enrolled 43 patients [males 31; median age 55 years (range 24–74)] with inoperable gastric cancer who had not been seen previously in Seoul National University Hospital. The regimen used was docetaxel 70 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> on day 1, cisplatin 40 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> on days 2 and 3, and 5-fluorouracil 1200 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> over 10 h on days 1–3, every 3 weeks.</P><P><B>Results:</B> A total of 168 cycles were administered. Mean cycle number per patient was 3.9. The administered dose intensity of docetaxel was 21.23 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>/week, 5-FU 1092.14 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>/week and cisplatin 23.82 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>/week, which corresponded to 91.1, 91.0 and 89.5% of planned doses. Of the 43 patients, response evaluation was possible in 40 and, of these patients, 17 (42.5%) achieved a partial response, 13 (32.5%) stable disease, and 10 patients (25%) showed progressive disease. The median time to progression was 5.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.6 months]. Median overall survival was 9.0 months. (95% CI 4.8–13.2 months). Leukopenia occurred during 21.4% of cycles (36 of 168 cycles); 14.3% grade 1, 5.3% grade 2 and 1.8% grade 3. Anemia occurred in 16.7% (28 of 168 cycles); 11.3% grade 1, 4.8% grade 2 and 0.6% grade 3. Thrombocytopenia was not observed. Diarrhea, stomatitis and hypersensitivity occurred in 4.7% (two out of 43 patients), respectively. Neutropenic fever occurred in two patients (4.7%) and myalgia in three (7.0%).</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B> ‘Docetaxel + 5-fluorouracil + cisplatin’ 3-day combination chemotherapy is an active and tolerable regimen as a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable gastric cancer.</P>
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