국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

거리의 도상성원리와 영어여격교체현상

김광현,황규홍 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol.43 No.2

An Iconicity-theoretic Approach to the English Dative Alternation Construction Kim, Kwang-Hyun · Hwang, Kyu-Hong This paper aims to examine the semantic and structural differences between the double-object construction and its prepositional counterpart based on Haiman's (1980, 1983, 1985) iconicity theory. The alternation phenomena have attracted a great deal of attention, and a range of proposals have been put forward to account for them. In particular, an attempt has been made among the majority of scholars to differentiate the double-object construction and its corresponding dative construction by resorting to the differences in verb meaning and those in relation between arguments. To achieve the above goal, in this paper, we attempt to identify the subtle meaning differences between the two constructions by way of the distance principle of the iconicity theory: "the linguistic distance between expressions corresponds to the conceptual distance between them." Namely, we argue that the double-object construction is used when the agent and the recipient are conceptually close, while the dative counterpart is used when the conceptual distance between the two is remote. This line of approach seems to be appealing in that it can explain the differences between the constructions more explicitly and systematically and in that it can also account for other alternation phenomena such as locative and conative constructions in a similar context.

한국(韓國)GSK 상임고문최현식(常任顧問崔賢植)의 기업활동(企業活動)과 경영이념(經營理念)

박광서 ( Kwang Sur Park ),최승현 ( Seung Hyun Choi ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2006 유라시아연구 Vol.3 No.2

The aims of this paper are to review Mr. Choi Hyun Sik``s business activities and analysis of his management thoughts. Mr. Choi Hyun Sik is now a general advisor of Galxo Smith Cline(GSK) Korea, one of the biggest pharmatical company in the world. And he is one of the toppest chief executive officer in Korea. He was passed as a semi-salesman, one of 3D jobs at that time, by the Choong Wae Pharamatical Corporation in 1966 and he met Mr. Lee Chong Ho who was a section chief of planning and management section anf he is now chairman of the corporation. He worked hard with chairman Lee. At last he promoted as a CEO of Choong Wae Pharmatical Corporation in 1998 and Vice Chairman of the Company in 2004. After 38 years services, he resigned from CW in 2004. At the same time, He was selected as a general advisor of GSK Korea(President Mr. Kim Jin Ho) on April 2004. As a GA of GSK Korea, As a matter of fact, Mr. Choi concertrate into his best efforts as the fellowing points; ● Focus an execution of plan. ● Develop new strategic business opportunities ● Strengthen partnership with external stakeholders. ● Optimize commercial structure and capability ● Improve working capital management & operational excellence ● Build organizational capabilities to support growth. ● Develop people pipeline, and etc. And last, his management thoughts and stratagies are 5S and 5C. That is, 5S means Speed, System, Simplicity, Strategy and Spurt. On the other hand, 5C are Creation, Credit, Competition, Customer and Communication.

영일동맹 이후 주한영국공사의 활동

현광호(Hyun, Kwang-Ho) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2007 역사문화연구 Vol.28 No.-

영일동맹 이후 주한영국공사의 활동 현 광 호 영국은 1902년 1월 일본과 영일동맹을 체결했다. 일본은 동맹체결 이후 대한제국에 대한 침략을 강화했다. 조단은 영일동맹 이후 대한제국의 내정에 한층 깊숙이 개입했다. 조단은 대한제국의 자주적 개혁에 제동을 걸었고, 일본의 대한제국 진출에 중요한 역할을 담당했다. 조단은 러시아인의 용암포활동을 주시했다. 조단은 러시아인의 활동을 벌목작업으로 인정하지 않았다. 조단은 러시아인의 활동이 대한제국의 주권을 침해하는 것으로 인식했다. 조단은 대한제국에 대해 압록강의 개방을 요구했다. 조단은 경제발전론을 제기하여 고종을 설득했다. 다음으로 조단은 고종에게 국가주권문제를 거론했다. 끝으로 조단은 고종에게 압록강지역을 개항하여 러시아를 견제할 것을 제의했다. 조단은 대한제국이 용암포조차협정을 체결할 경우 영국은 자유행동을 취할 것을 경고했다. 그 결과 대한제국은 러시아와의 용암포조차협정 체결에 부정적인 입장이 되었다. 조단은 일본, 미국 외교관들과 공조하여 개항을 추진했다. Activity of The British Ministers to the Great Han Empire after the conclusion of a treaty of Anglo-Japanese alliance. Hyun, Kwang-Ho Great Britain concluded a treaty of Anglo-Japanese alliance with Japan in January 1902. Japan reinforced aggressive policies toward the Great Han Empire after the conclusion of a treaty of Anglo-Japanese alliance. Jordan interfered in the domestic affairs of the Great Han Empire after the conclusion of a treaty of Anglo-Japanese alliance. Jordan checked Independent reform of the Great Han Empire. Instead Jordan cooperated with Japanese advance into the Great Han Empire. Jordan was mostly cautious of Russian’ Activity at Yongampo. Jordan did not regard Russian’ Activity at Yongampo as timber enterprise. Jordan concluded Russian’ Activity as violating sovereignty of Great Han Empire. Jordan demanded to the Great Han Empire opening of Yalu River(鴨綠江). Jordan pursuaded King Kojong with Theory of economic development. Secondly Jordan made Theory of sovereignty (國權論) to win King Kojong(高宗) over. Finally Jordan pursuaded King Kojong checking aggression of Russia by opening of Yalu River. Jordan gave a warning of having a free hand in Great Han Empire if Great Han Empire would conclude Yongampo lease treaty with Russia. As a result Great Han Empire a took a negative attitude for lease treaty with Russia. Jordan propelled opening of Yongampo by coalition of Japanese diplomat and American diplomat.

國內産 茶葉의 脂肪酸 組成에 관한 硏究

朴章鉉(Jang-Hyun Park),金正鳳(Jung-Bong Kim),金廣植(Kwang-Sik Kim) 한국차학회 1996 한국차학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Fatty acid composition was analyzed and compared in tea shoot of korean native tea plant (Camellia sinensis Var. Sinensis) picking from thirteen places and Yabukita(Camellia sinensis Var. Yabukita), an excellent Japanese variety. Results of this investigation are summarized as follow. Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid were confirmed thirteen places of korean native tea plant. The content of total fatty acid at Shunchang-gun tea leaves usually was the highest as 3555.3mg/100g, and that of Yong Kwang-gun tea leaves was the lowest as 2089.1mg/100g. The content of total fatty acid of Yabukita tea leaves usually was 3084.9mg/100g. The composition of fatty acid had order of C18 : 3 > C18 : 2 > C16 : 0 > C18 : 1 > C18 : 0.

임신부 뇨로부터 정제된 인간 상피세포 증식 인자 유사체의 in vitro bioassay 및 특성

박세철,전재현,남정현,권태종,고인영,유광현 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

벤조산흡착, 음이온 교환수지, 단일클론항체을 이용한 immunoaffinity chromatography를 통하여 임신부 뇨로부터 천연의 hEGF를 정제하였다. 정제된 hEGF는 μ Bonda C_18 column을 사용한 HPLC 분석을 통하여 4개의 fraction으로 분리가 가능하였으며 western blot과 double immunodiffusion 실험 결과, 각각의 fraction이 hEGF의 특성을 가진 유사체인 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 hEGF 표준 물질과의 spiking 및 아미노산 분석 등을 통하여 두 번째 fraction이 nhEGF와 동일한 것으로 확인하였다. nhEGF 및 그 유사체의 생물학적 활성 비교를 위하여 NIH 3T3 세포주에서 5'-Brdu incorporation 측정을 위한 labelling 시간, 혈청 농도의 최적 조건을 결정하였다. NIH 3T3 세포주의 DNA 합성능은 0.2% FCS가 포함된 저혈청 배지에서 hEGF가 0.1~10 ng/ml 농도로 첨가하였을 때 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. HPLC를 통하여 분리된 두번째 hEGF 유사체가 다른 유사체보다도 생물학적인 활성이 우수하였으며, rhEGF 표준물질과의 spiking 및 아미노산 서열 분석등을 통하여 nhEGF로 밝혀졌다. 임신부의 뇨의 hEGF 유사체 함량중 natural hEGF는 46%이었다. Natural human epidermal growth facto (nhEGF) was purified from pregnant human urine by benzoic acid adsorption, DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange, and immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified nhEGF was further separated into four fractions using Bondapak C_18 HPLC system. Following characterization by Western blot and double immunodiffusion, we found that each fraction corresponds to four derivatives of the nhEGF. For biological analysis of nhEGF, we optimized the labeling time and serum concentration for the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU), a non-radioactive alternative for [^3H]-thymidine uptake, into NIH 3T3 cells. The DNA synthesis of NIH 3T3 cells was gradually increased at the nhEGF concentrations between 0.1~10 ng/ml in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 0.2% Fetal calf serum (FCS). When we assayed the biological activity of four fractions, the activity of the second fraction was superior to that of the others.

온실재배와 노지재배한 금산 깻잎의 품질 특성과 향기성분

현광욱,구교철,장정호,이재곤,김미리,이종수 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

깻잎을 이용한 건강 식품을 개발하고자 먼저 깻잎의 주산지인 금산에서 5월 온실재배한 깻잎과 8월 노지재배한 깻잎들의 품질특성과 향기성분을 조사하였다. 시료깻잎 모두 4.0%의 조단백질과 0.8%의 조지방을 함유하고 있었고, 플라보노이드의 함량은 온실재배 깻잎 25.2%, 노지재배 깻잎 26.5%로 시료깻잎간에 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 조사포닌 함량도 2,7%와 2,8%로 비슷하였다. 시료깻잎의 효소 활성은 오직 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소 활성만이 8월 노지재배 깻잎에서만 물 추출물 7.1 unit, 에탄올 추출불 11.8 unit을 보였고 기타 효소 활성은 없었다. 8월 노지재배 깻잎의 조직감 특성으로 먼저 견고성과 탄력성 등은 잎의 상층부와 중층부 보다 잎받침을 포함하는 하층부에서 높았고 응집성은 하층부가 약간 약하였으며 5월 온실재배 깻잎은 씹힘성이 다서 낮았을 뿐 노지재배 깻잎과 비슷하였다. 5월 온실재배와 8월 노지재배 깻잎에는 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, β-caryorhyllene, α-caryophyllene, α-famesene, perilla ketone, nerolidol, eugenol. α-cadinol 등 14종∼15종의 향기성분을 함유하고 있었고 주요한 향기성분은 perilla ketone 이었다. Quality and flavor compounds of perilla leaves cultivated in greenhouse(May) and field (August) in Geumsan province were investigated and compared. All perilla leaves contained 4.0% crude protein and 0.8% crude lipid. C겨de flavonoid contents of perilla leaves cultivated in greenhouse and field showed 25.2% and 26.5%, respectively and each crude saponin content was cultivated in field. Hardness and chewness of bottom parts of field-perilla leaves were higher than those of top and middle part, whereas the cohesiveness of top parts and middle parts of perilla leaves were higher than that of bottom part. Furthermore, texture properties of greenhouse-perilla leaves were similar with those of field-perilla leaves except chewness. Nine kind of flavor compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, β-caryophyllene, α-caryophylene, α-franesene, perilla ketone, nerolidol, eugennl, α-cadinol were identified in greenhouse-perilla and field-perilla leaves, showing that main flavor compound was perilla ketone.

남해주민들의 운동행동변화단계에 따른 변화과정, 의사결정균형 및 자기효능감

천광훈,고광욱,김윤지,신용현 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the process of change, decisional balance. self-efficacy and perception of subjective health according to the stages of exercise behaviors suggested by transtheoretical medals among Namhae resident. For systemic continuos health promotion initiatives of public health center, basic information about exercise behaviors in need. Method: The stage of change, decision balance, self efficacy and other health-related information was surveyed from systematic sample of Namhae population. Result: The result of process of change was precontemplation (32.4%), contemplation (18.8%), preparation (18.8%), action (11.0%), and Maintenance (23.6%). Conclusion: There are corroborative evidence about the need for interpersonal organizational intervention to exercise behaviors of Namhae population and social alternative for the exercise behavior.

직장점막전이를 동반한 항문편평상피암과 S상결장선암의 동시성 암 1예-증례 보고-

류재현,심강섭,김광호,박응범 대한대장항문학회 1998 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.14 No.3

대장게실염 -18 예-

김광연,차귀현,이영희,유경수 대한대장항문학회 1986 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.2 No.1