태권도수련이 초등학생의 지적, 정서적 및 사회적 생활태도에 미치는 영향 : focusing on the northern area of Kung-Ki province

김관현,김찬겸,문원배 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.8 No.1

The subject of this research is to offer the materials to help Tae-Kwan-Do education of children. School grade, level of Tae-Kwan-Do and year of practice were set as independent factors to investigate the effects of Tae-Kwan-Do practice to intellectual, emotional and social behavior of elementary student, and aspects of school life, emotional development, manner of living and physical development were set as dependent factors to find out how much effect does Tae-Kwan-Do had on children's social development. Questionnaires were structured with 5 point scale and sent to total 126 persons to verify the theory that school grade, level of Tae-Kwan-Do, practice year will result a difference in school life, emotional development, manner of living and physical development. The conclusion of the study form this investigation is ans followed: 1. Tae-Kwan-Do practice results the similar difference (p(.01) in emotional development according to the school grade 5-6 and grade 3-4 showed the similar difference from later analysis. 2. Each level of Tae-Kwan-Do in school life showed similar difference (p(.05) and later analysis showed that between level 3. and level 1 and lower results similar difference. Aspect of emotional development also showed similar difference that later analysis showed that between level 3. and 1 lower results similar difference. 3. The year of practice in school life showed similar difference (p(.01) and later analysis showed that between 3 year, and less than one year results similar difference. The year of practice in emotional development showed very similar difference (p(.001) and later analysis showed that between longer 3 years, 2 years and less than one year showed similar difference. Also in physical development showed very similar difference and more than 3 years and less than one year showed similar difference from later analysis.

Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

柔道 손 技術의 生體力學的 分析

金官鉉 龍仁大學校 1988 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the TEWAZA (Hand Techniques : Taiotoshi, Seoinage) of Judo on the biomechanical aspect. The subject comprised of 2 Korean elite Judoists, who took part in the 15th World Championships, and their individual major scoring techniques (M.S.T.), were filmed on 16mm high speed camera(100 frame/sec.at front & side view) and simultaneously the mat reaction force was measured by force platform system. After that the individual M.S.T.were analyzed with respect to three phases : KUZUSHI (breaking the opponent's balance), TSUKURI(preparation before throwing the opponent), and KAKE (throw the opponent), from the Kinematic & Kinetic aspects, respectively.The results were as follows : Individual Characteristics of M.S.T.: 1.KINEMATIC Aspects, 1) The time elapsed for individual M.S.T., which was displayed as ; KIM's left TAI-OTOSHI (body drop) was 1.23sec., and LEE's right SEOI-NAGE (back carry throw) was 1.32sec.The difference of individuals was not significant (P>0.05). 2) -60kg : (KIM's left TAI-OTOSHI) ; ① The time elapsed from the beginning to the 1st phase of KAKE waso.73sec., to the 2nd phase of KAKE was 0.92sec.and the section time was 0.19sec.from the 1st to the 2nd phase of KAKE. ② The knee angle of supporting right leg showed 130˚ in the 1st phase of KAKE, and extended to 140˚ in the 2nd phase of KAKE. ③ The center of gravity (C.O.G.) angle of UKE (defender) and was 24˚, which was not efficient mechanically. ④ The knee angle attacking left leg was showed 150˚, and the foot - ankle angle was showed 110˚ in the 1st phase of KAKE, and greatly extended to 140˚ in the 2nd phase of KAKE. ⑤ Face in the phase of TSUKURI and KAKE was not directed toward the right but toward the left side, and downward of the mat, which was mechanically inefficient. 3) -71kg.(LEE's right SEOI- NAGE) ① The time elapsed from the beginning to the 1st phase of KAKE was 0.87 sec., to the 2nd phase of KAKE was 0.92sec., and the section time was 0.04sec.from the 1st KAKE to the 2nd KAKE. ② The Knee angle of attacking right leg and the foot-ankle angle in the 1st phase of KAKE showed 100˚, 87˚, respectively. ③ The C.O.G.angle of UKE and LEE in the 1st phase of KAKE, in the 2nd phase of KAKE showed 97˚, 105˚, respectively, which was mechanically efficient. ④ The C.O.G.of TORI (LEE) was put more backward than vertical line of attacking right-foot toe in the 1st phase of KAKE, which was mechanically inefficient. ⑤ The dorsal flexion instead of plantar flexion of the left- foot toe was bad position. ⑥ Face in the phase of TSUKURI and KAKE was not directed toward the left, but downward of the mat. ⑦ Hip was not directed toward the right in the phase of TSUKURI and KAKE, which was mechanically inefficient. ⑧ The distance between right and left knee, right and left- foot toe in the 1st phase of KAKE was 64cm, 70.3cm, respectively which which was too wide ; therefore, mechanically inefficient. 2.KINETIC Aspects, The mat reaction force (M.R.F.), maximum mat reaction force (M.M.R.F.) and exchange of force in the phase of TSUKURI and in the phase of KAKE. The forces of Kinetic factors appeared at 3 directions : vertical (Fz), horizontal- anterior posterior (Fx), and horizontal- lift right (Fy). 1) -60kg.(KIM's left TAI-OTOSHI) ① M.R.F.(Fz : ?) O The first peak of M.R.F.appeared in the end phase of TSUKURI, and M.R.F.was decreased in the 1st phase of KAKE, and then the strongest M.R.F.appeared when UKE was supported (standing) on the single left leg, which was the second peak. O Two separate M.R.F.appeared in the first and 2nd phase of KAKE, which was mechanically inefficient, so on single attacking pattern is strongly required. O In the cases of KIM's SEOINAGE (1986), KIM's TAIOTOSHI : The most peak(M.R.F.) appeared between the 1st and 2nd phase of KAKE.It was JAE's individual charaeteristics showing great force in the initial phase of KAKE. ② M.M.R.F. O Among 3 directions of M.R.F., the magnitude of forces in the Z direction (vertical : Fz) was always strongest (867N.), with standard value (divided by body weight) 1.32B.W. O KIM's vertical M.R.F.was 4.33 times and 4.02 times as strong as those of anterior - posterior direction and left- right directions respectively. O KIM showed that in left SEOINACE & TAIOTOSHI his attacking left foot pressed the mat with 1.3 times the amount of his body weight. ③ Vector profile of vertical direction ; magnitude change of force : O In the end of TSUKURI the force of attacking left-foot was concentrated on the right side movement direction, which was mechanically efficient. 2) -71kg.(LEE's right SEOI- NAGE) ① M.R.F.(Fz : ?) O The first peak of M.R.F.appeared in the middle phase of TSUKURI, next decreased, and increased in the end phase of TSUKURI, next continued to decrease in the air phase of UKE, suddenly most peak appeared in the end of air phase. O Attacking right- foot was not shown to continue and stong pressure force appeared unstability attack pattern. O Therefore, single attacking pattern is strongly required that supporting on the mat of the right foot-toe in the phase of TSUKURI and in the initial phase of KAKE. ② M.M.R.F. O Among 3 directions of M.R.F., the magnitude of forces in the Z direction (vertical : Fz) was always strongest (1239N.) , with standard value 1.69 B.W. O KIM's vertical M.R.F.was 6.39 times and 5.82 times as strong as those of anterior - posterior direction and left- right directions respectively. O Therefore, training is required for correcting the weak points and complementing better skill in the phase of TSUKURI and in the phase of KAKE. 3) Vector profile of Vertical direction : magnitude of force : O In the end of TSUKURI, attacking right - foot touched to backward. Vertical's force was not displayed strongly in the 2nd phase of KAKE, which was inefficient. Finally it was because of individual characteristics in the variation value of kinematic and kinetic.But on the whole, motion of KUZUSHI, the 1st phase of technique, was very insuffcient. In conclusion, presumably, Korean elite judoists (who took part in the 15th World Judo Championships, 1987) have their own specific patterns in revelation of individual major scoring techniques. Individual characteristics in displaying the technique and weakpoints were pointed out and the partial points needing complement and correction were shown in the chapter 5 "Field Applying Methods".

북한 급변사태 가능성과 우리의 대응방안

김관호(Kim Kwan Ho) 북한학회 2016 북한학보 Vol.41 No.2

과거 동구권 사회주의 붕괴, 김일성ㆍ김정일 사망 등 북한에서 심각한 정치ㆍ경제적 변고가 있다는 소식이 전해지면 급변사태에 대한 관심이 고조되어 왔다. 그러나 북한은 이를 비웃듯 김정은이 3대 세습을 성공시키며 아직까지도 체제를 유지하고 있다. 하지만, 올해 1월초 북한은 4차 핵실험으로 인해 국제사회의 강력한 제재와 고립정책으로 인해 큰 위기국면에 직면해 있다. 지속되는 경제난과 국제사회의 강력한 대북제재로 인한 압박이 해외주재원들의 외화상납 강요 등으로 연결된 결과, 중국 내 북한식당 종업원들의 집단탈북, 러시아와 영국 주재 외교관들의 탈북이 잇따르고 있다. 이와 더불어 지난 9월 북한의 5차 핵실험이 감행되면서 한국 내 전략핵무기 배치 및 독자적인 핵개발 여론이 조성되고 있으며, 미국의 선제타격론이 제기되는 등 북한을 한층 더 강하게 압박하고 있다. 아울러 일각에서 조심스럽게 급변사태를 논의하는 것은 북한의 급변을 남북통일로 발전시킬 수도 있을 것으로 판단하기 때문일 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 북한의 급변사태 발생 가능성과 예측 가능한 시나리오를 상정하고 이에 대한 우리정부의 대응방안을 제시하였다. In the past, attention on contingencies has been elevated when the news spread that there were serious political and economic changes in NK such and the collapse of socialism in the eastern bloc or death of Kim-Il-Sung and Kim Jeong-Il. Contrary to expectations KJU success fully succeeded his predecessors and has maintained the regime for three consecutive generations as if it is laughing in our faces. However, In January this year, NK faced a grave situation from the international community’s strong sanctions and isolation policy, which were results of the 4th NK nuclear test. Because continued economic hardship and the pressure from the international community’s NK sanctions led officials placed overseas to forcibly offer bribes in foreign currencies, NK restaurant employees in China and diplomats in Russia and UK are defecting from NK one after another. In addition, 5th NK nuclear test in September created public opinion for the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons in the Republic of Korea and indigenous development of such forces. The proposal of pre-emptive strike from the US also adds to the pressure that is placed upon NK. Some people carefully discuss contingencies in NK because it can be seen that those events may develop a reunification of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, this study assumed the possibility of contingencies in NK and expected scenarios to propose ROK government’s response measures.

심한 골병변으로 발현된 기능성 낭종성 부갑상선 선종

전숙,김영희,박지영,고관표,박철영,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,고석환 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.2

낭종성 부갑상선 선종과 심한 골병변을 동반한 부갑상선 기능항진증은 매우 드문 질환으로서, 저자들은 양측 고관절의 통증을 초기 주소로 내원한 환자에서 고칼슘혈증과 부갑상선 호르몬 증가, 골병변의 방사선적 소견을 통해 부갑상선 기능항진증을 진단하고, 경부 초음파와 컴퓨터 단층 촬영, 부갑상선 스캔검사 및 수술중 부갑상선 낭종액 검사 등을 통해 기능성 부갑상선 낭종의 한 종류인 낭종성 부갑상선 선종을 진단하고 수술적 제거를 통하여 정상화된 1예를 경험하였다. A cystic parathyroid adenoma is rare. A case of primary hyperparathyroidism, with the cystic formation of a parathyroid adenoma and a severe bony lesion, is reported. A 52-year-old male was admitted due to pain in both hips and for evaluation of hypercalcemia. The plasma level of the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was elevated to 1424 pg/mL. Ultrasonography and the computed tomography revealed a parathyroid cyst on the left thyroid lower pole. Parathyroid scintigraphy detected a parathyroid adenoma. A radiograph showed a subperiosteal bone resorption on the phalanges, and a brown tumor (osteitis fibrosa cystica) on the femur shaft was noted. A surgical excision of the parathyroid adenoma was performed. The PTH level in the cystic fluid was increased. A histological examination confirmed a cystic parathyroid adenoma. The PTH level was normalized after the operation (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:214-220, 2003).

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

Complication of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) in Gastric Cancer

김명세(Myung Se Kim),김성규(Sung Kyu Kim),송선교(Sung Kyo Song),김홍진(Hong Jin Kim),권굉보(Koing Bo Kwan),김흥대(Heung Dae Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1992 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.10 No.2

영남대학교 의료원 치료방사선과에서 1988년 6월 15일에 위함 환자의 수술중 방사선치료를 시작한 이래 1992년 8월 30일까지 총 58예에서 시도하여 그중 53예에서 IORT를 실시하였으며, 정기적인 추적검사에서 한명의 국소개발 환자도 보고되지 않고 있다. 출혈(3예), 장관폐쇄(3예), 폐혈증(2예), 골수기능저차(1예)를 포함한 총 9예(17%)의 합병증이 보고되었고, 이중 6예(13%)가 사망하였다. IORT(1500cGy), 외부 방사선치료 (-4500cGy)와 강한 항암제를 병합치료 하였음에도 불구하고 주등(수술과 항암제 치료)의 25.2%, 김등(수술 불가능한 환자에서 항암제 투여)의 18%, 리등(수술)의 18.5%, Kraming등(IORT 2800-3500cGy)의 35.3%에 비해 낮은 합병증을 보여 IORT가 위암의 치료에 공헌할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 그러나 비교적 높은 치사율(11.3%)은 더욱 세심한 수술수기 및 수술 후 환자의 치료가 필요하며 외부 방사선치료와 항암제치료의 적절한 시기 조절 및 치료선량의 가감이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Local control is the important prognostic factor in cancer treatment because local control decrease the relative risk of metastatic spread and increase distant metastasis free survival. IORT is the modality which could increase local control without increasing complication, combined with curative operation. Eventhough we could achieve significant deacreased local failure by IORT and curative resection, it should not be committed as a main treatment modality without proving acceptable complications. Therapeutic Radiology Department of Yeungnam University Medical Center have tried 58 IORT from June 15, 1988 and performed 53 IORT in patients with gastric cancer. No local failure had been reported including interstinal obstrution, hemorrhage, sepsis, and bone marrow depression. These complications could be comparable to Jo's 25.2% (chemotherapy + operation), Kim's 18% (chemotherapy only in inoperable patients), because our treatment regimen is consisted of IORT (1500cGy), external irradiation (--4500cGy) and extensive chemotherapy (FAM, 5FU + MMC, BACOP). Our data encouraged us to re-inforce further IORT in stomach cancer treatment.

지능기법을 이용한 가공시스템의 설계 및 모니터링에 관한 연구

金永卓,文熙根,金秀貞,金寬衡,李尙培 한국해양대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 연구논문집 Vol.20 No.-

본 논문은 지능 기법과 영상처리기법을 이용하여 특정 대상물의 절단위치를 검색하는 방법을 제시한 것으로서, 최근에는 기존의 아날로그 센서를 대신한 CCD(Charge-Couple Decive)카메라로 얻어진 화상 데이타(data)를 이용하여 물체의 정보를 추출하는 방법이 많이 응용되고 있다. 최근에 영상의 형태학, 신경망, 지식기반의 영상 해석 시스템에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 거의 모든 분야에 화상처리기법들이 사용되어지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실시간 그레이 레벨의 입력 화상에 대하여 영상처리기법을 이용하여 특정 물체의 특정위치검출 방법을 제안하고, 실제의 시스템에 적용한 예를 제시하려고 한다. In this paper proposed detecting specific position of the object using intelligent method and image processing. Recently instead of classifying the object by shade using existing analog sensor, app.y a theory to detect of the object information by using image data from CCD camera. It takes interest in the morphology of image, neural networks and image analysis system on knowledge base. and now days, image processing method was used in the most part of field. So, In this paper proposed detecting method on specific position of specific object about real time gray level input image using image processing method and application case in real system.

DBD 반응기에서 플라즈마 방전형태에 따른 PFC_(s) 가스의 분해 특성

김관태,김용호,차민석,송영훈,김석준,류정인 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Perfluorocompounds(PFC_(s)), such as tetrafluoromethane (CF₄) and hexafluoroethane (C₂F_(6)), have been widely used as plasma etching and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gases for semiconductor manufacturing processes. Since these PFC_(s) are known to cause a greenhouse effect intensively, there has been a growing interest in reducing PFC_(s) emissions. Among various CF₄ decomposing techniques, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is considered as one of a promising candidate because it has been successfully used for generating ozone (O₃) and decomposing nitrogen oxide (NO). Firstly, optimal concentration of oxygen for CF₄ decomposition was found to figure out how many primary and secondary reactions are associated with DBD process. Secondary, to find effective discharge method for CF₄ decomposition, a streamer and a glow mode in DBD are experimentally compared, which includes (ⅰ) coaxialcylinder DBD, (ⅱ) DBD reactor packed with glass beads. and (ⅲ) a glow mode operation with a helium gas. The test results showed that optimal concentration of oxygen was ranged 500 ppm~1% for treating 500 ppm of CF₄ and helium glow discharge was the most efficient one to decompose CF₄.

호흡기 감염에서 Sparfloxacin 의 임상적 유용성에 대한 Enoxacin과의 비교 검토

김주옥,김선영,김관형,서지원,박석영,이종진,박성학 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:폐렴, 기관지염, 만성기관지염에서 fluoroquinolone제제로서 항균력이 강하고, 혈중 반감기가 길고, 객담과 조직내 농도가 높은 sparfloxacin의 안전성과 효과를 enoxacin과 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 시행 하였다. 방법:1994년 10월부터 1995년 4월까지 충남대 부속병원과 대전 성모병원에 내원한 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염이 급성으로 악화된 환자 63명을 대조군(32명)(enoxacin 100 mg 1일 3회 경구투여), 실험군(31명)(sparfloxacin 200mg 1일 1회 경구투여)으로 나누어 임상증상, 세균학적 객담 검사, 혈액검사, 실험실내 항균력검사로 그 치료율 및 안전성을 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 임상종합 평가, 세균학적 균소실, 안전성, 유용성에서 두군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 2) 시험관내 항균력검사상 MIC가 실험군이 대조군보다 현저하게 낮았다.(p<0.05). 3) 경미한 두통, 식욕감퇴, 상복부 불쾌감, 설사등이 대조군 9예, 실험군 7예에서 발생하였고, 검사실 소견상 SGOT 혹은 SGPT 의 일시적 경미한 상승이 대조군 2명, 실험군 3명에서, 혈중 creatinine 상승이 실험군 2명에서 있었으나 경미하였다. 결론:이상의 결과로 sparfloxacin은 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염의 악화에서 하루 한번 투여로 enoxacin 하루 3번 투여와 유사하게 효과적이고 안전하며, 시험관내 항균력이 enoxacin보다 월등히 우수하여 임상에서도 유용하게 사용될수 있을것으로 생각된다. Background: Sparfloxacin, a new oral quinolone, has a broad spectrum, potent antimicrobial activity, prolonged half life, high concentration in sputum. The clinical efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin have been reported by some previous clinical studies performed in Japan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of this drug in respiratory tract infections compared to those of enoxacin. Methods:We performed an open controlled, randomized study in 63 patients with acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis at Chung Nam University hospital and Dae Jeon St. Mary's hospital from October, 1994 to April, 1995. In the control group(n=32), 100 mg enoxacin was administered orally 3 times a day and in the test group(n=31), 200 mg sparfloxacin once a day. Results: The results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy, bacteriological finding, and usefulness. 2) Means and SD of MICs were 0.44±0.89 ㎍/ml in the control group, 0.13±0.24 ㎍/ml in the test group. There was a significant difference in MICs between the two groups(p<0.05). 3) Headache, epigastric discomfort, and loss of appetite were observed in 7 cases of the control group and in 9 cases of the test group, and transient elevations of hepatic enzyme in 2 cases of the control group, and in 3 cases of the test group. There was mild elevation of serum creatinine in 2 cases of the test group. Those laboratory abnormalities by therapy might be associated with their underlying diseases. There were no significant adverse effects caused by the drugs Conclusion:In conclusion, sparfloxacin of 200 mg once a day was as effective and well tolerated as enoxacin of 100 mg three times per day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Sparfloxacin is more potent antibiotics because MICs of sparfloxacin were very lower than those of enoxacin.