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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Kim Bryan Inho (검색결과 13 건)
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The Changes in Respiratory and Enteric Adenovirus Epidemiology in Korea From 2017 to June 2022
Kim Kyung-Ran,Won Jisu,Kim Hyungjun,Kim Bryan Inho,Kim Mi Jin,Kim Jae Young,Gwack Jin,Kim Yae-Jean 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.9
Since October 2021, severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in pediatric patients has been observed in many countries around the world. Adenovirus (mainly enteric adenovirus) was detected in more than 50% of the cases. Nationwide surveillance on acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in pediatric patients was started in May 2022 in Korea. Taking into account the severity of the illness and the urgency of the epidemiological situation worldwide, we report a summary of changes in adenovirus epidemiology during the past five years and six months in Korea.
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Kim Yongmoon,Bryan Inho Kim,Tak Sangwoo 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.6
Objectives: Although it is widely used as a measure for mortality, the case fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can vary over time and fluctuate for many reasons other than viral characteristics. To compare the CFRs of different countries in equal measure, we estimated comparable CFRs after adjusting for multiple covariates and examined the main factors that contributed to variability in the CFRs among 21 countries.Methods: For statistical analysis, time-series cross-sectional data were collected from Our World in Data, CoVariants.org, and GISAID. Biweekly CFRs of COVID-19 were estimated by pooled generalized linear squares regression models for the panel data. Covariates included the predominant virus variant, reproduction rate, vaccination, national economic status, hospital beds, diabetes prevalence, and population share of individuals older than age 65. In total, 21 countries were eligible for analysis.Results: Adjustment for covariates reduced variation in the CFRs of COVID-19 across countries and over time. Regression results showed that the dominant spread of the Omicron variant, reproduction rate, and vaccination were associated with lower country-level CFRs, whereas age, the extreme poverty rate, and diabetes prevalence were associated with higher country-level CFRs.Conclusion: A direct comparison of crude CFRs among countries may be fallacious, especially in a cross-sectional analysis. Our study presents an adjusted comparison of CFRs over time for a more proper comparison. In addition, our findings suggest that comparing CFRs among different countries without considering their context, such as the epidemic phase, medical capacity, surveillance strategy, and socio-demographic traits, should be avoided.
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One Health Perspectives on Emerging Public Health Threats
유석현,Bryan Inho Kim,임준식,Cheng Siang Tan,천병철 대한예방의학회 2017 예방의학회지 Vol.50 No.6
Antimicrobial resistance and emerging infectious diseases, including avian influenza, Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus disease have significantly affected humankind in recent years. In the premodern era, no distinction was made between animal and human medicine. However, as medical science developed, the gap between human and animal science grew deeper. Cooperation among human, animal, and environmental sciences to combat emerging public health threats has become an important issue under the One Health Initiative. Herein, we presented the history of One Health, reviewed current public health threats, and suggested opportunities for the field of public health through better understanding of the One Health paradigm.
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Clinical outcomes of remdesivir-treated COVID-19 patients in South Korea
Mi Yu,Bryan Inho Kim,Jungyeon Kim,Gwack Jin 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.5
Objectives: This study analyzed the clinical outcomes of remdesivir treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in South Korea.Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved the secondary analysis of epidemiological data. Among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from July 2, 2020 to March 23, 2021 (12 AM), 4,868 who received oxygen therapy and were released from isolation after receiving remdesivir treatment were assigned to the treatment group, and 6,068 patients who received oxygen therapy but not remdesivir were assigned to the untreated group. The study subjects included children under the age of 19. The general characteristics and severity were compared between the groups. Differences in the time to death and mortality were also compared.Results: In the untreated group, the hazard ratio [HR] for mortality was 1.59 among patients aged ≥70 years and 2.32 in patients with severe disease in comparison to the treatment group. In a comparison of survival time among patients with severe disease aged ≥70 years, the HR for mortality before 50 days was 2.09 in the untreated group compared to the treatment group.Conclusion: Patients with remdesivir treatment showed better clinical outcomes in this study, but these results should be interpreted with caution since this study was not a fully controlled clinical trial.
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One Health Perspectives on Emerging Public Health Threats
Ryu, Sukhyun,Kim, Bryan Inho,Lim, Jun-Sik,Tan, Cheng Siang,Chun, Byung Chul The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 예방의학회지 Vol.50 No.6
Antimicrobial resistance and emerging infectious diseases, including avian influenza, Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus disease have significantly affected humankind in recent years. In the premodern era, no distinction was made between animal and human medicine. However, as medical science developed, the gap between human and animal science grew deeper. Cooperation among human, animal, and environmental sciences to combat emerging public health threats has become an important issue under the One Health Initiative. Herein, we presented the history of One Health, reviewed current public health threats, and suggested opportunities for the field of public health through better understanding of the One Health paradigm.
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Herd immunity: challenges and the way forward in Korea
Jiyoung Oh,Sohyun Kim,Boyeong Ryu,Minjoung Shin,Bryan Inho Kim 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
Vaccination is considered to be the most effective measure for preventing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many countries, including of Korea, are focusing on achieving herd immunity with the goal of reaching a vaccination rate of 70-80%. However, achieving herd immunity does not mean eradicating COVID-19, and the following challenges can occur in the process of achieving herd immunity. First, as the vaccination rate is likely to slow down over time, it is necessary to promote the benefits of vaccination through risk communication strategies and provide incentives for those who have been vaccinated. Second, a booster dose may be required depending on future studies on vaccine-induced immunity. Third, since variants capa-ble of evading immunity and with higher transmissibility can emerge, rapid contract tracing and regular community genomic surveillance could help mitigate the impact of new variants. When the impact of COVID-19 is controlled to the level of sea-sonal influenza, the current public health measures that have been strictly imposed on society since the beginning of the pan-demic will no longer be needed. The overall response strategy to COVID-19 will need to change accordingly, based on evalua-tions of the level of population immunity. These changes will include more efficient and targeted contact tracing and eased quarantine measures for vaccinated close contacts and travelers. Mask wearing and a minimum of social distancing will still be required in the journey towards the end of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic will end, but the virus will not disappear.
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Chungmin Park,Donghan Lee,Bryan Inho Kim,Sujin Park,Gyehee Lee,Sangwoo Tak 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.3
Objectives: We conducted a comparative analysis of the differences in the incidence of 8 acute respiratory viruses and the changes in their patterns before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: Three sentinel surveillance systems of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were analyzed. The average numbers of reported cases and the related hospital admissions and outpatient data were compared between April 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. Changes in the disease burden and medical expenditures between these 2 time periods were evaluated.Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of reported cases of all acute viral respiratory infections, except for human bocavirus, decreased significantly. Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service also showed decreases in the actual amount of medical service usage and a marked reduction in medical expenditures.Conclusion: Non-pharmacological interventions in response to COVID-19 showed preventive effects on the transmission of other respiratory viruses, as well as COVID-19. Although COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on society as a whole, with high social costs, there were also positive effects, such as a reduction in the incidence of acute viral respiratory infections.
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Application of the Time Derivative (TD) Method for Early Alert of Influenza Epidemics
Kang Seul-Ki,Son Woo-Sik,Kim Bryan Inho 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.4
Background: In order to minimize the spread of seasonal influenza epidemic to communities worldwide, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has issued an influenza epidemic alert using the influenza epidemic threshold formula based on the results of the influenza-like illness (ILI) rate. However, unusual changes have occurred in the pattern of respiratory infectious diseases, including seasonal influenza, after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As a result, the importance of detecting the onset of an epidemic earlier than the existing epidemic alert system is increasing. Accordingly, in this study, the Time Derivative (TD) method was suggested as a supplementary approach to the existing influenza alert system for the early detection of seasonal influenza epidemics. Methods: The usefulness of the TD method as an early epidemic alert system was evaluated by applying the ILI rate for each week during past seasons when seasonal influenza epidemics occurred, ranging from the 2013–2014 season to the 2022–2023 season to compare it with the issued time of the actual influenza epidemic alert. Results: As a result of applying the TD method, except for the two seasons (2020–2021 season and 2021–2022 season) that had no influenza epidemic, an influenza early epidemic alert was suggested during the remaining seasons, excluding the 2017–2018 and 2022–2023 seasons. Conclusion: The TD method is a time series analysis that enables early epidemic alert in real-time without relying on past epidemic information. It can be considered as an alternative approach when it is challenging to set an epidemic threshold based on past period information. This situation may arise when there has been a change in the typical seasonal epidemic pattern of various respiratory viruses, including influenza, following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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