MODELS TO EVALUATE MARKET DISCONTINUITIES SUCH AS ONES GENERATED BY THE WEB

Kahle, Lynn R.,Duncan, Marc 계명대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.3 No.-

The concept of strategic planning and its presumed value to business in the form of performance and increased profits is a cornerstone of academic pedagogy. Numerous methods or "tools" to assist firms in their planning efforts have been developed, such as the SWOT analysis and Central Driving Forces. Perhaps the best-known tool for analyzing entrepreneurial opportunities by industry is Porter's Five Forces. Although the value of these tools is irrefutable in the broadest of contexts, the derived conclusions sometimes are misplaced, even suggesting an incorrect analysis of a seemingly valuable opportunity or incorrectly underestimating looming new risks, particularly in times of market discontinuities. This article considers this issue. It looks at the many market discontinuities created by the Internet, considers them in the context of traditional means to evaluate them, and offers how these traditional tools might be expanded to bring them into confluence with this new medium as well as other yet unforeseen market discontinuities.

Born International:Exporting From Day One as an Alternative to Traditional Internationalization

Shoham, Aviv,Kahle, Lynn R.,Rose, Gregory M. Research Institute for Business and Entrepreneursh 1998 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.1 No.-

Cavusgil (1994) observed that a new breed of international firms has emerged. They differ from other firms in business orientation. They are born international and do not follow the traditional internationalization process. Rennie's study (1993) sampled such firms (in Australia) and provided descriptive characteristics of "Born International Firms" (BIF). This study provides information about such firms in Israel. Best viewed as an exploratory study, it replicates Rennie's findings and provides preliminary support to the generalizability of his findings. By providing descriptive information on additional constructs, this study also extends Rennie's study. We find a number of differences for firms that follow the two business orientations in marketing variables and in performance. In the introduction, we noted that Cavusgil (1994, 1995) observed that a new type of international firms has emerged. They differ from other firms by being BIF. Thus, they do not follow the traditional internationalization process model. Previously, Rennie (1993) studied such firms in Australia. He provided descriptive characteristics of BIF. While Rennie (1993) provided a necessary first step in the study of such firms, there is a need for additional studies about this new phenomenon. Our study provides additional information about BIF in an Asian country, Israel. As noted, our study served two main purposes. First, it explores some of Rennie's findings (1993) in Israel. We provide preliminary support to the generalizability of some of Rennie's findings. Similar to his findings, we find that the phenomenon is widespread and not typical to Australian exporters only. We also find that Israeli BFI, like their Australian counterparts, outperform frims that follow the traditional internationalization process. However, contrary to Rennie (1993), Israeli BFI tend to emphasize high quality (as in Australia), but couple this increased quality with higher prices. While being exploratory in nature, the differences observed on pricing strategy in this study have important preliminary managerial implications. Given that increased quality was coupled with high prices in Israel, aspiring entrepreneurs have two strategic options. They can either use low prices, especially during market penetration. Alternatively, they can pursue a premium strategy, charging higher prices for the enhanced quality of their products. Additionally, our study provided data on constructs that were not addressed by Rennie (1993). Thus, the study extended Rennie's findings (1993) beyond the differences observed in Australia. Obviously, as noted in the "Limitations" and "Discussion" sections, much work still remains. This phenomenon is extremely important as evidenced by the fact that 25 percent of the firms in our sample identified themselves as BIF. The route to internationalization differs for BIF and further research is called for to enhance our understanding of such firms.

The phoropter method: a stochastic graphical procedure for prior elicitation in univariate data models

Casement Christopher J.,Kahle David J. 한국통계학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.52 No.1

Common methods for Bayesian prior elicitation call for expert belief in the form of numerical summaries. However, certain challenges remain with such strategies. Drawing on recent advances made in graphical inference, we propose an interactive method and tool for prior elicitation in which experts express their belief through a sequence of selections between pairs of graphics, reminiscent of the common procedure used during eye examinations. The graphics are based on synthetic datasets generated from underlying prior models with carefully chosen parameters, instead of the parameters themselves. At each step of the process, the expert is presented with two familiar graphics based on these datasets, billed as hypothetical future datasets, and makes a selection regarding their relative likelihood. Underneath, the parameters that are used to generate the datasets are generated in a way that mimics the Metropolis algorithm, with the experts’ responses forming transition probabilities. Using the general method, we develop procedures for data models used regularly in practice: Bernoulli, Poisson, and Normal, though it extends to additional univariate data models as well. A free, open-source Shiny application designed for these procedures is also available online, helping promote best practice recommendations in myriad ways. The method is supported by simulation.

Progressive NKCC1-Dependent Neuronal Chloride Accumulation during Neonatal Seizures.

Dzhala, Volodymyr I,Kuchibhotla, Kishore V,Glykys, Joseph C,Kahle, Kristopher T,Swiercz, Waldemar B,Feng, Guoping,Kuner, Thomas,Augustine, George J,Bacskai, Brian J,Staley, Kevin J The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.35

<P>Seizures induce excitatory shifts in the reversal potential for GABA(A)-receptor-mediated responses, which may contribute to the intractability of electro-encephalographic seizures and preclude the efficacy of widely used GABAergic anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital. We now report that, in intact hippocampi prepared from neonatal rats and transgenic mice expressing Clomeleon, recurrent seizures progressively increase the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) assayed by Clomeleon imaging and invert the net effect of GABA(A) receptor activation from inhibition to excitation assayed by the frequency of action potentials and intracellular Ca(2+) transients. These changes correlate with increasing frequency of seizure-like events and reduction in phenobarbital efficacy. The Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) (NKCC1) cotransporter blocker bumetanide inhibited seizure-induced neuronal Cl(-) accumulation and the consequent facilitation of recurrent seizures. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which seizure activity leads to [Cl(-)](i) accumulation, thereby increasing the probability of subsequent seizures. This provides a potential mechanism for the early crescendo phase of neonatal seizures.</P>

LRRK2 functions as a scaffolding kinase of ASK1-mediated neuronal cell death

Yoon, J.H.,Mo, J.S.,Kim, M.Y.,Ann, E.J.,Ahn, J.S.,Jo, E.H.,Lee, H.J.,Lee, Y.C.,Seol, W.,Yarmoluk, S.M.,Gasser, T.,Kahle, P.J.,Liu, G.H.,Belmonte, J.C.I.,Park, H.S. Elsevier Biomedical Press 2017 Biochimica et biophysica acta, Molecular cell rese Vol.1864 No.12

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a multi-domain protein, is a key causative factor in Parkinson's disease (PD). Identification of novel substrates and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of LRRK2 are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we showed that LRRK2 played an important role in neuronal cell death by directly phosphorylating and activating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). LRRK2 phosphorylated ASK1 at Thr832 that is adjacent to Thr845, which serves as an autophosphorylation site. Moreover, results of binding and kinase assays showed that LRRK2 acted as a scaffolding protein by interacting with each components of the ASK1-MKK3/6-p38 MAPK pathway through its specific domains and increasing the proximity to downstream targets. Furthermore, LRRK2-induced apoptosis was suppressed by ASK1 inhibition in neuronal stem cells derived from patients with PD. These results clearly indicate that LRRK2 acts as an upstream kinase in the ASK1 pathway and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.

Substituted Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazol-5(6H)-ones and Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazol-5(6H)-ones as Hypoglycemic Agents

Aicher, Thomas D.,Balkan, Bork,Bell, Philip A.,Brand, Leonard J.,Cheon, S. H.,Deems, Rhonda O.,Fell, Jay B.,Fillers, William S.,Fraser, James D.,Gao, Jiaping,Knorr, Douglas C.,Kahle, Gerald G.,Leone, 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 1998 약품개발연구지 Vol.7 No.1

Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Across Tumors from 8, 705 Patients

Kahles, André,Lehmann, Kjong-Van,Toussaint, Nora C.,Hü,ser, Matthias,Stark, Stefan G.,Sachsenberg, Timo,Stegle, Oliver,Kohlbacher, Oliver,Sander, Chris,Rä,tsch, Gunnar Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2018 Cancer cell Vol.34 No.2

Levels of Biogenic Amines in Cheeses and Their Impact on Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Rats

Kahled M. El-Zahar,Ahmed M. Abd El-Zaher,Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.1

Composition of amino acids and biogenic amines(BA) in different cheeses (Ras, Blue and Mish) were estimated. The amino acids content of Ras cheese after 6 and 24 months ofripening were 33.1 and 26.6 mg/g, respectively. In Blue cheese,after 6 and 12 months ripening, the levels ranged from 29.2 to25.5 mg/g, whereas in Mish cheese the levels were 33.9 and 30.0mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of cadaverine andtryptamine were similar in the Mish and Ras cheeses. Level ofphenylethylamine accumulation was relatively similar in Ras andBlue cheeses, whereas levels of histamine and tryptamine werehigh in Ras cheese, reaching 260 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The toxicological effects of specific BA on liver and kidneyfunctions, as well as biochemical parameters in rats were assayed. The type and the concentration of BA accumulation in cheesesaffected the functions of liver and kidney in rats treated with BA. Rats treated with 1 mg amines showed difference in total proteinsand albumin during the experimental period except after 6 days,wherein no difference in albumin was noted. In addition,treatment with 2 mg amines showed significant decreased in totalproteins and albumin during the testing period, except after 2, 4,and 6 days, wherein no changes in total proteins and albuminlevels were detected. The highest concentration of amines (3 mg/kg/daily) showed decrease in total proteins and albumin after 2, 8,and 10 days. Histological examination revealed that organs weremoderately affected by direct injection of BA as compared withorgans from control groups. Liver marked vascular congestionwith abnormal double central vein occurances leading to fibrosis,whereas in the kidney, thickened vascular spaces were observed.

Firefighter daytime visibility: trim properties and conspicuity

Jonathan T. Kahl,Nathan J. Anderson,Glenn Casner,Vera Shuman,Tim J. Gardner 한국의류학회 2019 Fashion and Textiles Vol.6 No.1

Conspicuity enhancing trims on turnout gear promote firefighters’ abilities to (1) reduce the possibility of struck-by accidents, (2) be located and recognized by others, and (3) coordinate their work with colleagues. Firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) ensemble standards specify technical requirements for new visibility materials. A better understanding of the relation between laboratory measures of material properties and behavioral measures of conspicuity can be used to evaluate existing and newly developed turnout gear trim designs. The current paper examined how photometric luminance measures (%Y) of fluorescent trims on firefighter turnout gear relate to daytime conspicuity in two naturalistic field experiments (distance detection and identification, peripheral detection). The test samples consisted of lime yellow and orange-red fluorescent trims, including traditional solid trims and more recently developed segmented trims. We found overall strong relations between measured luminance and (1) observers’ detection of a firefighter from afar, and (2) observers’ identification of the color of a firefighter’s clothing in their peripheral view. A relation did not exist between %Y and peripheral detection. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated that traditional solid and newer segmented trim designs showed little conspicuity performance difference, with the only observed difference being in peripheral color identification. This suggests that the impact of luminance on conspicuity may be overestimated when evaluating a trim’s daytime performance. Our results further support that luminance measures alone are not sufficient to evaluate the conspicuity of turnout gear in naturalistic settings.

Study on α-cluster levels in non-4n nuclei using low-energy RI beams

Yamaguchi, H,Kahl, D,Hayakawa, S,Sakaguchi, Y,Abe, K,Nakao, T,Suhara, T,Iwasa, N,Kim, A,Kim, D H,Cha, S M,Kwag, M S,Lee, J H,Lee, E J,Chae, K Y,Wakabayashi, Y,Imai, N,Kitamura, N,Lee, P,Moon, J Y,Lee, IOP Publishing 2017 Journal of physics. Conference series Vol.863 No.-