Detection of small for gestational age in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes by Hadlock versus the Fetal Medicine Foundation growth charts

Jose Duncan,Karla Leavitt,Kristin Duncan,Gustavo Vilchez 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.3

ObjectiveThe primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neonatal small for gestational age (SGA) by theHadlock and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) charts in our cohort, followed by the ability to predict composite severeneonatal outcomes (SNO) in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of pregnancies with PPROM from 2015 to 2018, from23 to 36 completed weeks of gestation. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for theprimary and secondary outcomes of the Hadlock and FMF fetal charts were calculated. The discriminatory ability ofeach chart was compared using the area under the receiver’s operating curves of clinical characteristics. ResultsOf the 106 women who met the inclusion criteria, 48 (45%) were screened positive using the FMF fetal growth chartand 22 (21%) were screened positive using the Hadlock chart. SGA was diagnosed in 12 infants (11%). Both fetalgrowth charts had comparable diagnostic accuracies and were statistically significant predictors of SGA (Hadlock: areaunder the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC], 0.76, risk ratio [RR], 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-23;and FMF: AUC, 0.76 RR, 13.3 95%CI 1.8-99.3). Both growth standards were poor predictors of SNO. ConclusionThe Hadlock and FMF fetal growth charts have a similar accuracy to predict SGA in pregnancies complicated byPPROM. The FMF fetal growth chart may result in a 2-fold increase in positive screens, potentially increasing fetalsurveillance.

From Poverty to Power

던컨 글린(Duncan Green) 한국빈곤문제연구소 2014 빈곤없는세상 연구보고서 Vol.2014 No.-

던컨 글린은 2008년 같은 제목으로 이 책을 출간하였다(우리말로 번역됨). 빈민들은 조직화를 통하여 권력을 확보하고, 활발한 시민들과 적극적 정부의 역할이라는 3두 체제의 구축이 빈곤감축방안이라고 설득력 있게 설명한다. 이자료는 2012년 개정판으로 그 내용이 중요하여 참고용 연구보고서로 등재한다. Duncan Green, author of From Poverty to Power and the high-quality blog by the same name, was for many years senior strategic advisor to Oxfam UK. Oxfam is one of the most prestigious NGOs fighting poverty on a global scale and stands out by its particular focus on enhancing and expanding the power of the poor. Although Green makes it clear that he is not writing as the official voice of Oxfam, this focus on power can naturally be found is his book. Many different aspects of the fight against poverty are addressed, but there is continual emphasis on the idea that poverty is much more than low income: it is a sense of powerlessness, exhaustion, and exclusion from decision-making. Green rejects the idea that poor people should be passive recipients of charity. Rather, priority is given to helping poor people build up their power. From this perspective, the author sees effective states and active citizens (citizens exercising their full range of political, civil, and social rights) as playing a crucial role in bringing about genuine human development. Many examples are provided of local communities who – sometimes with Oxfam’s help – have managed to escape poverty through fighting for their rights. But the role of private companies (called “the third pillar” in the book) is not neglected. A healthy private sector is deemed essential in the fight against poverty, and Green admits that harnessing the dynamism of the private sector can trigger extraordinary development. His stance towards businesses is to challenge them in a respectful and cooperative but firm way, which is pretty much Oxfam’s position as well (for example, the organization performed an analysis of Unilever’s poverty footprint in Indonesia and launched a stimulating “Behind the Brands” campaign)

How Change Happens: Access to Medications in Thailand

Duncan Green 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2011 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.2 No.2

Many actors in the development world are paying increasing attention to the so-called ‘theories of change’. Whether in programming or advocacy, this approach seeks to analyze various power relations and possibilities urrounding any given change process, as well as the assumptions employed by this analysis. This paper applies Oxfam’s thinking on change to a particular influence-wielding exercise – the long-running campaign to improve access to medications in Thailand.

Encountering Peritoneo-Cutaneous Perforators in Microsurgical DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

Duncan Loi 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.2

The vascular anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap has been well studied in the planning for autologous breast reconstruction. Preoperative imaging with computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides accurate assessment of this vascular anatomy, which varies widely across patients. Several papers to date have described their encounter with an anomalous “epiperitoneal” or “peritoneocutaneous” perforator during flap harvest, a perforator that pierces the posterior rectus sheath from a peritoneal origin, to traverse rectus abdominis and supply the DIEP flap integument. In the course of over 3,000 CTA assessments of the vascular anatomy of the abdominal wall, we have encountered dominant peritoneo-cutaneous perforators in 1% of cases, and smaller perforators seen in many more cases, approaching 5% of cases. With increasing sensitivity of imaging, we also describe a unique case of multiple large bilateral peritoneo-cutaneous perforators, and present these findings in the context of DIEP flap harvest. It is critical to recognize these peritoneo-cutaneous perforators preoperatively to avoid mistaking them for a DIEP during the raising of a DIEP flap. The routine use of preoperative CTA enables the safe identification of individual vascular anatomy, including significant peritoneo-cutaneous perforators.

The impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust in the United States

Duncan Fairlie, T.,Jacob, D.J.,Park, R.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2007 Atmospheric environment Vol.41 No.6

We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to estimate the impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust on aerosol concentrations in North America during 2001. We have implemented two dust mobilization schemes in the model (GOCART and DEAD) and find that the best simulation of North American surface observations with GEOS-Chem is achieved by combining the topographic source used in GOCART with the entrainment scheme used in DEAD. This combination restricts dust emissions to year-round arid areas but includes a significant wind threshold for dust mobilization. The model captures the magnitude and seasonal cycle of observed surface dust concentrations over the northern Pacific. It simulates the free tropospheric outflow of dust from Asia observed in the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia aircraft campaigns of spring 2001. It reproduces the timing and distribution of Asian dust outbreaks in North America during April-May. Beyond these outbreaks we find persistent Asian fine dust (averaging 1.2μgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) in surface air over the western United States in spring, with much weaker influence (0.25μgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) in summer and fall. Asian influence over the eastern United States is 30-50% lower. We find that transpacific sources accounted for 41% of the worst dust days in the western United States in 2001.

Biodiesel flames as a unique pyrolyzing carbon source for the synthesis of hydrophobic carbon films

Duncan Merchan‑Breuer,Ethan Murphy,Benjamin Berka,Elena Echeverria,David N. McIlroy,Wilson Merchan‑Merchan 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.3

We report the rapid single-step flame synthesis of hydrophobic carbon layers (C-layers) on the surface of stainless-steel (SS) substrates using vaporized biodiesel as the fuel. A co-flow canola methyl ester/air diffusion flame is used to generate a hydrophobic monolayer on the surface of the metal substrate upon its insertion into the reaction zone. Carbon deposition on the surface of the SS substrates varies by changing the SS disk’s position in the post-flame, and by varying its exposure time. The thickness and mass of the flame-formed monolayer varied depending on the substrate’s insertion point into the flame. However, the variation of mass did not significantly impact the C-layer’s uniformity or hydrophobicity. We hypothesize that a small “inner-cone” of the biodiesel flame along with a high soot propensity can result in an ideal medium to form uniform hydrophobic C-layers of unique hierarchical surface structure. This is supported by introducing SS substrates in methane/air flames formed using the same co-flow burner. The hydrophobic property of the carbon deposits was quantified by measuring the contact angle of water droplets placed on the film’s surface. A water droplet drop test was conducted on the flame-formed hydrophobic layers to study their wettability property.

Sexual Sites, Seminal Attitudes

DUNCAN, Patti Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.4

공정성, 유연성 및 지불가능성

Duncan Brown 한국노동연구원 2017 국제노동브리프 Vol.15 No.12

Things Fall Apart? Thailand’s Post-Colonial Politics

Duncan McCargo 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This paper argues that Thailand’s internal colonial model is facing severe challenges: no longer is it so possible to suppress local and regional identities, or to submerge ethnic difference in an all-embracing but potentially suffocating blanket of “Thainess.” In recent decades, Thailand’s diverse localities have become increasingly assertive. This is most acutely the case in the insurgency-affected southern border provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, but also applies in the “red’ (pro-Thaksin) dominated North and Northeast. As the old ruling elite faces serious legitimacy challenges, Thailand’s emerging post-colonial politics may require a radical rethinking of the relationship between center and periphery.

Clinical Update in Aspects of the Management of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Duncan J. Topliss 대한내분비학회 2016 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.31 No.4

Aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease updated in this review include: immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related thyroid disease (Riedel’sthyroiditis, fibrosing variant of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, IgG4-related Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease with elevatedIgG4 levels); recent epidemiological studies from China and Denmark indicating that excess iodine increases the incidence of Hashimoto’sthyroiditis and hypothyroidism; immunomodulatory agents (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab) activate immune responseby inhibiting T-cell surface receptors which down-regulate immune response, i.e., cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmedcell death protein 1 pathways; alemtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody to CD52 which causes immune depletionand thyroid autoimmune disease especially Graves’ hyperthyroidism; small molecule ligand (SML) agonists which activate receptors,SML neutral antagonists, which inhibit receptor activation by agonists, and SML inverse agonists which inhibit receptor activationby agonists and inhibit constitutive agonist independent signaling have been identified. SML antagonism of thyroid-stimulatinghormone-receptor stimulatory antibody could treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Graves’ ophthalmopathy; and thyroxinetreatment of subclinical hypothyroidism can produce iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism with the risk of atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. The increased risk of harm from subclinical hyperthyroidism may be stronger than the potential benefit from treatment ofsubclinical hypothyroidism.