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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Nathan J. Anderson (검색결과 2 건)
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Firefighter daytime visibility: trim properties and conspicuity
Jonathan T. Kahl,Nathan J. Anderson,Glenn Casner,Vera Shuman,Tim J. Gardner 한국의류학회 2019 Fashion and Textiles Vol.6 No.1
Conspicuity enhancing trims on turnout gear promote firefighters’ abilities to (1) reduce the possibility of struck-by accidents, (2) be located and recognized by others, and (3) coordinate their work with colleagues. Firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) ensemble standards specify technical requirements for new visibility materials. A better understanding of the relation between laboratory measures of material properties and behavioral measures of conspicuity can be used to evaluate existing and newly developed turnout gear trim designs. The current paper examined how photometric luminance measures (%Y) of fluorescent trims on firefighter turnout gear relate to daytime conspicuity in two naturalistic field experiments (distance detection and identification, peripheral detection). The test samples consisted of lime yellow and orange-red fluorescent trims, including traditional solid trims and more recently developed segmented trims. We found overall strong relations between measured luminance and (1) observers’ detection of a firefighter from afar, and (2) observers’ identification of the color of a firefighter’s clothing in their peripheral view. A relation did not exist between %Y and peripheral detection. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated that traditional solid and newer segmented trim designs showed little conspicuity performance difference, with the only observed difference being in peripheral color identification. This suggests that the impact of luminance on conspicuity may be overestimated when evaluating a trim’s daytime performance. Our results further support that luminance measures alone are not sufficient to evaluate the conspicuity of turnout gear in naturalistic settings.
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Michalak, Anna M.,Anderson, Eric J.,Beletsky, Dmitry,Boland, Steven,Bosch, Nathan S.,Bridgeman, Thomas B.,Chaffin, Justin D.,Cho, Kyunghwa,Confesor, Rem,Daloğ,lu, Irem,DePinto, Joseph V.,Evans, M National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.16
<P>In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie.</P>
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