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LÜ,, Lei,JOSHI, Yogesh,ELIX, John A.,LUMBSCH, H. Thorsten,WANG, Hai Ying,KOH, Young Jin,HUR, Jae-Seoun Cambridge University Press 2011 The Lichenologist Vol.43 No.4
<B>Abstract</B><P>Two new species, <I>Lecanora hafelliana</I> L. Lü, Y. Joshi & Hur and <I>L</I>. <I>loekoesii</I> Y. Joshi, L. Lü & Hur, are described as new to science from South Korea and eight species, <I>L. campestris</I> (Schaer.) Hue, <I>L. cenisia</I> Ach., <I>L. nipponica</I> H. Miyaw., <I>L. perplexa</I> Brodo, <I>L. plumosa</I> Müll. Arg., <I>L. polytropa</I> (Hoffm.) Rabenh., <I>L. subrugosa</I> Nyl. and <I>L. sulcata</I> (Hue) H. Miyaw., are recorded from South Korea for the first time. <I>Lecanora hafelliana</I> is characterized by the presence of hafellic acid, which is reported for the first time in this genus, while <I>L. loekoesii</I> is characterized by multispored asci and a thallus containing norstictic acid.</P>
Quartets in maximal weakly compatible split systems
Grü,newald, S.,Koolen, J.H.,Lee, W.S. Elsevier 2009 APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS Vol.22 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Weakly compatible split systems are a generalization of unrooted evolutionary trees and are commonly used to display reticulate evolution or ambiguity in biological data. They are collections of bipartitions of a finite set X of taxa (e.g. species) with the property that, for every four taxa, at least one of the three bipartitions into two pairs (quartets) is not induced by any of the X-splits. We characterize all split systems where exactly two quartets from every quadruple are induced by some split. On the other hand, we construct maximal weakly compatible split systems where the number of induced quartets per quadruple tends to 0 with the number of taxa going to infinity.</P>
Rü,mmeli, Mark H.,Rocha, Claudia G.,Ortmann, Frank,Ibrahim, Imad,Sevincli, Haldun,Bö,rrnert, Felix,Kunstmann, Jens,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Pö,tschke, Markus,Shiraishi, Masashi,Meyyappan, M.,B&u WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.39
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Graphene has a multitude of striking properties that make it an exceedingly attractive material for various applications, many of which will emerge over the next decade. However, one of the most promising applications lie in exploiting its peculiar electronic properties which are governed by its electrons obeying a linear dispersion relation. This leads to the observation of half integer quantum hall effect and the absence of localization. The latter is attractive for graphene‐based field effect transistors. However, if graphene is to be the material for future electronics, then significant hurdles need to be surmounted, namely, it needs to be mass produced in an economically viable manner and be of high crystalline quality with no or virtually no defects or grains boundaries. Moreover, it will need to be processable with atomic precision. Hence, the future of graphene as a material for electronic based devices will depend heavily on our ability to piece graphene together as a single crystal and define its edges with atomic precision. In this progress report, the properties of graphene that make it so attractive as a material for electronics is introduced to the reader. The focus then centers on current synthesis strategies for graphene and their weaknesses in terms of electronics applications are highlighted.</P>
Grafting of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) and linoleic acid onto chitosan
Arslan, Hü,lya,Hazer, Baki,Yoon, Sung C. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.103 No.1
<P>Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) (PHO), poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and linoleic acid were grafted onto chitosan via condensation reactions between carboxylic acids and amine groups. Unreacted PHAs and linoleic acid were eliminated via chloroform extraction and for elimination of unreacted chitosan were used 2 wt % of HOAc solution. The pure chitosan graft copolymers were isolated and then characterized by FTIR, <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR (in solid state), DSC, and TGA. Microbial polyester percentage grafted onto chitosan backbone was varying from 7 to 52 wt % as a function of molecular weight of PHAs, namely as a function of steric effect. Solubility tests were also performed. Graft copolymers were soluble, partially soluble or insoluble in 2 wt % of HOAc depending on the amount of free primary amine groups on chitosan backbone or degree of grafting percent. Thermal analysis of PHO-g-Chitosan graft copolymers indicated that the plastizer effect of PHO by means that they showed melting transitions T<SUB>m</SUB>s at 80, 100, and 113°C or a broad T<SUB>m</SUB>s between 60.5–124.5°C and 75–125°C while pure chitosan showed a sharp T<SUB>m</SUB> at 123°C. In comparison of the solubility and thermal properties of graft copolymers, linoleic acid derivatives of chitosan were used. Thus, the grafting of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) and linoleic acid onto chitosan decrease the thermal stability of chitosan backbone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103:81–89, 2007</P>