한국예술가곡 효시에 관한 연구

이지연 ( Ji-yeon Lee ),공정배 ( Jeong-bae Kong ),김용범 ( Yong-beom Kim ) 한국사상문화학회 2016 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.85 No.-

본 연구는 독일어권에서 비롯된 예술가곡 리트(Lied)의 한국적 전이과정을 통해 한국예술가곡의 효시를 규명하고자하는 목적이다. 예술가곡은 시문학과 음악의 합일된 예술장르로서 독일과 오스트리아를 포함한 독일어권에서 발달된 가곡으로, 시인의 시에 작곡가가 선율을 붙이고 이를 성악가가 부르는 음악 양식이다. 그 효시를 슈베르트의 `실 잣는 그레첸(Gretchen am Spinnrade)`로 비정하고 있다. 작곡가의 임무란 좋은 시를 널리 알리는 것이었기 때문에 음악은 시에 종속되어 있었다. 그러나 예술가곡은 상호매체성에 의한 문화융합결과물로서 시와 음악이 서로가 각기 독립된 예술이었던 상태로부터 벗어나 완전히 하나로 융합되면서 또 하나의 새로운 양식으로 탄생한다. 슈베르트 이후 가곡의 작곡자는 더 이상 시의 언어 음율을 선율적으로 고양시키는 낭음자가 아니라 가사에서 말로 표현될 수 없는 영역을 음악적으로 표출하는 시의 자유로운 해석자의 역할을 하게 된다. 음악을 단순히 시를 쉽게 이해하는 보조수단에 국한시킨 이전의 가곡미학을 극복하고자 하는 새로운 경향들이 나타나면서 이전까지 작법인 유절가곡이 아닌 통절 작곡 형식이 새롭게 떠오르기 시작하였다. 이렇게 완성된 예술가곡은 1835년경 이후부터 독일을 벗어나 다른 나라로도 전파되어, 각 나라의 음악적 특징에 맞는 독자성을 지니며 민족음악으로 자리잡는다. 그리하여 그 갈래의 하나가 한국에 이르게 된다. 독일 예술가곡의 개념과 정의 및 조건에 맞는 한국 최초의 예술가곡이 어떤 작품인가는 학자들의 견해에 따라 논란이 존재 한다. 그러나 이 관점은 예술가곡을 시와 음악의 등가의 결합을 전제로 보았을 때 우리 시문학사적 위상과 일치하는 시기이다. 한국 시문학사는 1930년대에 이르러서 성숙함이 묻어나면서 시인들은 창작 행위에 대한 확고한 자신의 색깔을 드러내기 시작했다. 이 시기에 전문적인 시인의 등장이 활발해지는데 이때 정지용을 대표적으로 꼽을 수 있다. 1932년 7월 동방평론 4호에 발표한 정지용의 시 `고향`에 작곡가 채동선이 곡을 붙였고, 채선엽이 독창을 맡았으며 반주는 김애식이 맡았다. 작곡가 채동선은 독일에서 정통으로 작곡을 공부하고 귀국하여 <고향>을 작곡하였고 시기적으로는 물론 예술가곡의 완성의 필요충분조건은 모두 갖춘 한국 최초의 예술가곡 그 효시로 비정할 수 있다. This study aims to clarify the beginning of the Korean art song by reviewing how the German art song "lied" was traditionally transferred and spread in Korea. As a genre of art that unites poetry and music, the art song was originally developed in German-speaking countries including Germany and Austria; the then composers put a melody on poems so that singers(vocalists) could sing the songs. Gretchen am Spinnrade by Franz Peter Schubert is considered the beginning of such a style of music. Since promulgating good poems was one of the composer`s missions then, music was viewed as subordinate to poems. As an outcome of cultural convergence through intermediality, however, the two independent forms of art, poetry and music, came to converge into a completely single genre, heralding a birth of a new music style. Since Shubert, composers were no longer a mere reciter exalting poems by putting melodies on rhythmical poetic language; instead, they served as a free interpreter of poems to express the sentiment beyond the lyrics musically. In an attempt to overcome the stereotype that regarded music simply as an aid to better understand poems, a new trend such as through-composed songs, away from traditional strophic songs, emerged. Those German art songs were widely disseminated beyond Germany since 1835, and took root in many areas as folk music combined with each country`s traditional musical hallmarks. Korea was no exception. With Korean art songs originated from Germany, scholars in the field have long disputed over which one is the first Korean art song that complied with the concept, definition, and conditions of the German lied. When we consider the art song as a fair combination of poetry and music, a hint can be found from the history of Korean poetry. Korean poetry began to mature in the 1930s with poets clearly expressing their own signature colors in their creations. Professional poets actively broke onto the art scene, and Ji-yong Jeong was one of them. Mr. Jeong released a poem titled "Home (Gohyang)" on No. 4 Dongbang Critique in July, 1932, and Dong-sun Chae, a composer, put a melody on it; later it was sung by Sun-yub Chae with the piano accompaniment by Ae-sik Kim. After studying composition officially in Germany, Dong-sun Chae returned to Korea and composed the song, meeting all of necessary and sufficient conditions of the German lied. In this sense, "Home (Gohyang)" can be regarded as the first Korean art song.

노인의 자살 : 생태체계적 관점의 고찰 Literature Review of Eco-system Theory

배지연 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2004 社會科學論文集 Vol.22 No.2

최근 노인자살이 사회문제로 떠오르고 있으나, 국내의 노인자살에 관한 이론 및 경험적 연구가 매우 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 노인자살의 생태체계적 관점을 고찰하고 자살 관련 요인을 생태체계 이론을 중심으로 선행연구를 검토하여 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 브론펜브레너의 인간발달 생태학 모형을 기본으로 노인자살 관련요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, 미시체계의 요인으로는 성, 연령, 결혼상태, 신체질환, 우울증으로 나타났고, 둘째, 중간 및 외체계의 요인으로는 확대가족이나 노인시설, 지역사회, 은퇴자협회 등으로 나타났으며, 마지막으로, 거시체계 요인으로는 정책이나 노인차별주의 등으로 나타났다. Recently, the elderly suicide is becoming social problem but, the eldrly suicide of theory and experience research are very insufficient. This research, the purpose of this study is to review the Eco-system approach of elderly suicide, a previous research, and this research present the direction of the next research. This research analysis Bronfenbrenner' ecological model of foundation, elderly suicide in basic. First, micro system factor appeared age, the marriage condition, physical illness and depression. Second, mezo and exo system factor appeared extended family, neighborhood, the community and retirement association. Third, macro system appeared with the policy or agism.

비파괴적 분석법을 활용한 활음진 함유 에멀젼의 인체효능평가

배지현,안성연,이해광,안순애,문성준,장이섭 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

최근 한방화장품이 각광을 받으면서 한방에서 말하는 피부개선효과에 대한 적절한 평가법을 찾는 연구가 많이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 피부 항산화 효과가 우수한 산사자, 당귀, 홍화, 두충, 숙지황의 초임계추출물 (활음진, 活陰眞)의 혈액순환 개선효과를 적외선 열화상 이미지 분석 및 LaserDoppler Perfusion Imager를 이용한 분석을 통해 평가하였다. 평소 손발이 차가운 여성 11명을 대상으로 활음진을 포함한 에멀젼을 1주일간 도포하게 하였으며, 도포전과 1주일간 사용한 후 피부 온도와 혈류량을 비교하였다. 그 결과 얼굴의 피부 온도가 증가하였고, 이마, 눈위, 뺨정면 부위에서 시료 사용 후 유의한 증가를 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 활음진 성분을 포함한 에멀젼의 혈액순환 개선효과를 확인하였을 뿐만 아니라 한방적 접근을 통한 피부개선효과를 평가하는데 적절한 실험모델을 수립하였다.

영양 장애 환자에 대한 지질 영양 수액제 "Trive-1000^(R)"의 효과에 대한 연구

손기섭,배진선,장일성,노승무,박인근,김지연 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2

The association between malnutrition and poor hospital course in surgical patients is well recognized, although it may not involve the causation. When the period of NPO is needed more than several weeks, adequate caloric intake is difficult to maintain, and nutritional status often worsens especially after the operation. Trive-1000^(R) is a ready to use industrial ternary mixture. It fulfills standard requirements for TPN and has a advantage to decrease the cost because of time saving in preparation by the pharmacist and cost saving in disposables(transter sets, bags, filters). It improves safety by less risk of contamination and of error from handling and labelling. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Trive-1000^(R) in 34 malnourished patients after the major operation and the results were summarized as follows ; 1) The hemoglobin was not changed and AST, ALT, and bilirubin were increased and BUN and alkaline phosphatase were slightly increased without significance. 2) Mild to moderate toxicities including fever and chill, hepatopathy, thrombophlebitis and hyperglycemia. The infusion was discontinued in one of thrombophlebitis and one of hepatopathy. There results suggest that Trive-1000^(R) is relatively effective and safe TPN agents but requires the large scaled prospective randomized study.

신경섬유종증 환자에게서 발생한 특발성 혈소판 감소증 1예

권세훈,김형호,강지인,장재혁,원경준,장재현,김상용,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood with positive anti-platelet antibody titer, no splenomegaly, the presence of megakarocyte. The causes of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were usually related to autoimmune disease, infection and drugs. A 46-years-old man was admitted for evaluation of abdominal mass. He has many cafe-au-lait spots and nodules in almost skin for 30 years. Several years ago, he palpated mass in Lt. inguinal area. hIe has known the abdominal mass after checking abdomen CT in local clinic and visited our hospital for evaluation of abdominal mass. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, hematocrit 38.4 %, WBC 5,460 /㎣ (neutrophil 64.5%, lymphocyte 21.7%, monocyte 4.1%, eosinophil 5.4%), reticulocyte 0.7%, Platelet 52,000 /㎣, total protein 6.51 g/dL, albumin 3.80 g/dL, alkaline pohsphatase 161 IU/L, AST 110.7 IU/L, ALT 64.9 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.44 ㎎/dL, BUN 18.4 ㎎/dL, creatinine 0.79 ㎎/dL. Peripheral blood smear showed normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration smear showed normoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursor. The bone marrow biopsy section shows normocellular marrow (35%) for his age and mildly increasing myeloid cell lineage. We have experienced a case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient being in neurofibromatosis and therefore reporting it with documentary records. 저자들은 신경섬유종증 환자에서 특별한 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 특발성 혈소판 감소증이 발생한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

제 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 대사증후군의 유병률 및 관련요인의 특징

박철진,박거운,박일구,신지혜,김진화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.3

Background: People with insulin resistance has a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This leads to the importance in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The incidence of metabolic syndrome has increased significantly in korea because of an increased population of obese people and also the incidence of DM. There have been many studies done on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the general population. Therefore, the authors have designed this study to identify the incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 DM and also the associated characteristics in that population. Methods: The study included 169 adults over the age of 20 (84 males and 85 females) admitted to the endocrinology department of Chosun University between Jan, 1st 2005 and May, 31st 2006. Out of the people diagnosed with type 2 DM people were excluded when any of the physical measurements (height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference) and blood measurements (TG, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar) were insufficient and when the patient was taking any drugs other than anti-hy-pertensive agents and oral anti-diabetic agents. Obesity and the other risk factors were defined by the Asian-Pacific guideline and 2001 ATP III of NCEP, respectively. Result: The each prevalence according to the metabolic syndrome criteria of the type 2 DM patients showed low HDL cholesterolemia with the highest incidence of 57.4% followed by hypertng1yceridemia(52.0%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension(33.0%). The each incidence of diagnostic criteria in metabolic syndrome according to sex was different, In males, hypertriglyceridemia was the highest with the incidence of 57.7% followed by low HDL-cho1estero1emia(49.5%), obesity(40.9%) and hypertension (30.0%). In women, the incidence were low HDL-cho1estero1emia(64.8%), hyperthg1yceridemia(47.6%), obesity(45.0%) and hypertension(36.0%), in a descending order. The analysis between the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM patients and the criteria showed that hyperthglyceridemia (correlative value 0.575) had the highest correlation followed by low HDL-cholesterolemia (correlative value 0.446), obesity (correlative value 0.350) and hypertension (correlative value 0.410). All the correlations were statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.01. Conclusions: Type 2 DM is a important factor of metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance. The control of blood glucose with prevention and early diagnosis of the other factors related to metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM is important for preventing cardiovascular complications.

인슐린 자가면역 증후군 2예

박일구,박철진,신지혜,김진화,김상용,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.1

인슐린 자가면역 증후군은 항체에 결합되어 있던 인슐린이 혈당정도와 관계없이 유리됨으로써 저혈당이 야기되는 질환으로, 인슐린종 등과 감별을 필요로 하는 질환이다. 저자들은 고인슐린혈증과 인슐린 자가항체가 양성이면서 공복검사상에서 저혈당이 유발되며 경구 포도당 부하 검사에서 저혈당이 유발된 자가면역성 저혈당증을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Autoimmune hypoglycemia is one of the rare causes of hypoglycemia, and characterized by hyperinsulinemia. Insulin autoimmune syndrome is characterized by insulin autoantibody, hyperinsulinemia, and fasting hypoglycemia without previous insulin immunization. Insulin autoimmune syndrome is usually related to autoimmune disease such as Graves' disease and to previous exposure to drugs. This syndrome is a self-limited disorder. The hypoglycemia was treated with prednisolone and the patient recovered from this. Recently we experinenced two cases of insulin autoimmune syndrome that developed symptomatic hypoglycemia during both the fasting and oral glucose tolerance test. Here in, We present those cases with a review of the literature.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

Antiangiogenic Activity of the Various Berries Cultivated in Korea

Ji-Yeon Bae,Mok-Ryeon Ahn 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Selection of Leaf mutant plant through γ-irradiation(60Co) of pollen, pollination and rtilization of fertilization cycle of White Clover(Trifolium repens L.)

Ji Yeon Kang,In Ja Song,Tae Woong Bae,Pyung Ok Lim,Hyo Yeon Lee 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.39 No.1