다중흐름모형을 활용한 산림일자리정책 변화과정 분석

김명관 ( Myeong Gwan Kim ),김주미 ( Ju Mi Kim ),오도교 ( Do Kyo Oh ),태유리 ( Yoolee Tae ),장주연 ( Chuyoun Chang ),김재현 ( Jae Hyun Kim ) 한국산림경제학회 2022 산림경제연구 Vol.29 No.2

산림일자리는 노동집약적 특성과 함께 서비스 산업 등 다양한 형태의 일자리가 창출될 수 있는 잠재력이 큰 분야이다. 본 연구는 일자리 문제가 이슈화된 외환위기 시대의 김대중 정부에서 문재인 정부에 이르기까지 산림일자리정책이 역사적으로 어떠한 변동과정을 거쳐 산출되었는지, 시대적 상황에서 어떠한 역할과 성과를 창출해 냈는지를 Kingdon의 다중흐름모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, IMF 외환위기, 경제위기, 코로나19 팬데믹이 정책결정자로 하여금 일자리문제를 해결해야 할 문제로 인식하게 한 주요 요인이 되었다. 둘째, 정책혁신가로서 역할을 한 주체는 산림청과 시민사회, 학계가 각 정권별로 주도를 달리했다. 셋째, 산출된 정책은 시대적 변화에 따라 정책혁신가의 개입으로 다시 보완, 개선되어 한단계 상향된 버전의 정책으로 재산출 되었다. 그 결과 정책의 창이 열렸고 산림복지, 휴양, 교육 등의 산림복지서비스 일자리가 확대되었고, 산림분야 사회적경제 활성화를 통해 지역과 연계된 새로운 일자리가 창출되었다. 결론적으로 산림정책이 산촌과 지역의 문제를 해결하고 이를 통해 지역의 활력을 도모하며, 실질적인 도움을 주기 위해서는 시민사회와 파트너십을 통한 사회적 가치를 추구하는 산림일자리정책이 운영되어야 한다. 이상의 내용을 바탕으로 향후 산림일자리정책의 효율성과 성과를 높이기 위한 정책 제언을 하였다. Forest job is a field with great potential to create various types of jobs, such as service industries, along with labor-intensive characteristics. This study analyzed how Korean forest job policy has been changed historicaly and edtablished, and what kind of roles and achievements have been created from the Kim Dae-jung administration when foreign exchange crisis and the job issue occurred, to the Moon Jae-in administration using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework. The study results are as follows. First, the IMF foreign exchange crisis, the economic crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic became a major factor that made policy makers recognize the job issue as a problem to be solved. Second, the Korea Forest Service, civil society, and academia which played as role as policy innovators was different byeach government. Third, the established policy was supplemented and improved again with the intervention of a policy innovator according to the changes of the times, and it was re-produced as an upgraded version of the policy. As a result, a window of policy was opened, and jobs in forest welfare services such as forest recreation, and education were expanded, and new jobs linked to the region were created through the revitalization of the social economy in the forest sector. In conclusion, in order for forest polices to solve problems in mountain villages and regions, promote regional vitality, and provide practical help, forest job policies which pursue social values through partnerships with civic groups should be operated. Based on the above, policy recommendations were made to improve the efficiency and performance of future forest job policies.

상행 대동맥을 이환한 대동맥 벽내출혈과 대동맥 박리의 임상적 비교

김현숙,송재관,강덕현,김준,이철환,홍명기,김재중,박성욱,박승정 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

내경동맥 지배 영역의 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 초 선택적 국소적 Urokinase주입술

김인규,김명규,김재규,조기현,김세종 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

맞춤형 취업지도 방안 연구 : 순천향대학교 사회과학대학 졸업생들을 중심으로

김현철,김홍진,윤주명,김재필 순천향대학교 사회과학연구소 2007 순천향 사회과학연구 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop a foundation for planning a customized job guidance system for social science major students at Soonchunhyang University, In order to suggest a practical implication related to the student support system, the recent graduates of the College of Social Science at Soon chunhyang University were surveyed. A total of 110 graduates representing all majors of this college, Participated in this study. According to the empirical results, it appeared that a college-wide strong job search guidance system which are structured focusing on sharpening foreign language and interview skills should be initiated. The implications of the result are discussed to construct a customized career planning guidance svstem for social science majors at Soonchunhyang University.

긴 관동맥병변에서 긴 스텐트삽입에 대한 임상경과 및 재협착율

김영학,박성욱,정상식,박훈기,이상곤,이일수,이철환,김재중,홍명기,박승정 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.6

복합 관동맥병변에서의 Rotational Atherectomy : 초기결과

김진우,박성욱,홍명기,이상곤,이일수,이철환,최기준,강덕현,송재관,김재중,박승정 대한순환기학회 1997 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.27 No.9

아드레날린 동작성 약물이 구강점막의 리도케인 Clearance에 미치는 영향

명재원,안명석,김중수,이종훈 대한구강생물학회 1992 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.16 No.2

Some adrenergic drugs have been used as vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics for prolongation of acting duration and minimization of side effects. But, the exact role of vasoconstrictors on the clearance of local anesthetics in oral mucosa was not investgated. This experiment was carried out to clarify the influences of some adrenergic drugs on the clearance of lidocaine in oral mucosa. Sprague-Dawley rats were devided into control(no vasoconstrictor) group, epinephrine(1:100,000)-contained group, norepinephrine(1:30,000)-contained group and phenylephrine(1:2,500)-contained group. In urethane(1.2g/㎏) anesthetized rats, 300μl of 2% lidocaine with or without vasoconstrictor injected in the palatal mucosa. According to time schedule, they were sacrificed by exsanguination immediately, 30 and 60 minutes later after injection, respectively. The palatal mucosa was removed and homogenized by mechanical force and ultrasonicated in 0.1N HCl(500μl). The samples were centrifuged after akalization. Aliquat of the supernatant was injected into HPLC. Also, systemic effects of vasoconstrictors were evaluated with recording arterial blood pressures in common carotid artery. In control animals, lidocaine clearances reached 85.4% and 89.3% at 30 and 60 minutes after injection, respectively. At 30 minutes after injection, lidocaine clearances of vasoconstrictor contained group were different from control group significantly(p<0.01), and lidocaine clearance of phenylephrine contained group appeared higher than those of the other vasoconstrictor contained groups(p<0.05). But, at 60 minutes after injection, only epinephrine contained group had lower lidocaine clearance than control group(p<0.01). Intraperitoneal injection of the same dosage of palatal mucosa injecton of these vasoconstrictors did not elicit the change of blood pressure and heart rate.

英語 子音의 變異音에 關한 硏究

金在明 忠州大學校 1982 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

Language, as we know and use it, is the Spoken tongue, the normal means of face-to-face Communication. The study of a language begins, then, with a study of its spoken form. its sound and sound system. Accordingly the writer tried to analyze the spoken form of English consonants and to find out its variants for practical Pronunciation. Before we attempt to analyze the speech sounds, we will need to recognize and understand the process or method by which we can isolate the different sounds of a language. This method is based on a recognition of the phone mes of a language. A Phone me may be defined as a sound that is significantly different from the other sounds of the language. This then must be our first concern. Once we can recognize and identify these significantly-different sounds, our task of analyzing the speech sound is to seperate these phonemes into varieties of allophones of each Phoneme, because a phoneme is not an actual sound but a theoretical sound (the sound concept or the sound class). Allophones are known as different varitties of the same Phoneme. They are the actual pronunciation we use and they do not contrast significantly from each other. According to this processing criterion which the writer himself established, the writer discussed the English consonants as follows: 1. classification of English consonants 2. discriptions of consonantal phonemes with information as to their articulation and usage 3. information as to Stop sounds in the matter of their allophones or phonetic variants 4. information as to Fricatives in the matter of their allophones or phonetic variants 5. information as to Affricates in the matter of their allophones or phonetic variants 6. information as to Nasals in the matter of their allophones of phonetic variants 7. information as to Laterals in the matter of their allophones or Phonetic variants 8. information as to Glides in the matter of their allopones or phonetic variants will be useful to be able to recognize each of them when you hear it. The writer hope that with a knowledge of this kind, you are capable of understanding the actual sound stucture of the English consonants as they are spoken and heard.

와이어컷 방전에 의한 합금공구강과 초경합금의 북현상에 관한 연구

김원일,왕덕현,이재명 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.2

와이어컷 방전가공에서 합금공구강과 초경합금을 대상으로 여러가지 방전인자가 북현상에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 북현상은 방전극간전압과 방전주기가 작고, 두께가 얇고 와이어장력이 크며, 가공횟수를 많이 할수록 줄어든다. 두께 60mm초경합금을 보통의 조건으로 가공하면 전해작용에 의해 결합제인 코발트가 용출되어 주성분인 탄화텅스텐이 탈락되어 북현상이 커지므로 전도도를 낮게 해야한다. From the experimental study of wire-cut Electric Discharge Machining for alloyed steel and tungsten carbide, the characteristics such as hand drum form has been observed and evaluated for various conditions. Hand drum form can be improved when gap voltage and spark cycle become smaller, their thickness become thinner, wire tension become larger and no. of cuttings is done so many times. When wire-cut 60mm thickness tungsten carbide in normal condition. Hand drum form becomes larger due to the low conductivity inducing cobalt composite rising by electrolysis.