A field study of colloid transport in surface and subsurface flows

Zhang, Wei,Tang, Xiang-Yu,Xian, Qing-Song,Weisbrod, Noam,Yang, Jae E.,Wang, Hong-Lan Elsevier, etc 2016 Journal of hydrology Vol.542 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Colloids have been recognized to enhance the migration of strongly-sorbing contaminants. However, few field investigations have examined combined colloid transport via surface runoff and subsurface flows. In a headwater catchment of the upper Yangtze River, a 6m (L) by 4m (W) sloping (6°) farmland plot was built by cement walls to form no-flow side boundaries. The plot was monitored in the summer of 2014 for the release and transport of natural colloids via surface runoff and subsurface flows (i.e., the interflow from the soil-mudrock interface and fracture flow from the mudrock-sandstone interface) in response to rain events. The water sources of the subsurface flows were apportioned to individual rain events using a two end-member model (i.e., mobile pre-event soil water extracted by a suction-cup sampler <I>vs</I>. rainwater (event water)) based on <I>δ</I> <SUP>18</SUP>O measurements. For rain events with high preceding soil moisture, mobile pre-event soil water was the main contributor (generally >60%) to the fracture flow. The colloid concentration in the surface runoff was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the subsurface flows. The lowest colloid concentration was found in the subsurface interflow, which was probably the result of pore-scale colloid straining mechanisms. The rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern the dynamics of the colloid concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flows. The duration of the antecedent dry period affected not only the relative contributions of the rainwater and the mobile pre-event soil water to the subsurface flows but also the peak colloid concentration, particularly in the fracture flow. The <10μm fine colloid size fraction accounted for more than 80% of the total suspended particles in the surface runoff, while the colloid size distributions of both the interflow and the fracture flow shifted towards larger diameters. These results highlight the need to avoid the application of strongly-sorbing agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides, phosphorus fertilizers) immediately before rainfall following a long no-rain period because their transport in association with colloids may occur rapidly over long distances via both surface runoff and subsurface flows with rainfall.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subsurface flow was apportioned into rainwater and mobile pre-event soil water. </LI> <LI> The duration of no-rain period affects peak colloid concentration. </LI> <LI> Rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern colloid discharge dynamics. </LI> </UL> </P>

철을 오염시킨 n-GaAs의Photoreflectance에 관한 연구

유재인,문영희,이동울,이정열,배인호,장광수 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

We investigated the variation of PR signals for n-GaAs surface treated with Fe as annealing method. The samples were annealed by isochronal(200∼600 ℃, 10 min) and isothermal(300 ℃, 10 ∼60 min) method. In PR signals measured from isochronal annealed samples, the rate of intensity decreasing for n-GaAs was 49%, and that for n-GaAs surface treated with Fe was 66%. We assumed that the large amount of decreasing intensity for Fe contaminated sample caused by decreasing carrier density due to increasing of ?? neutral acceptor at higher annealing temperature. In PR signals measured from isothermal annealed samples, the signals for annealed n-GaAs decreased with increasing annealing time, and the signals for n-GaAs surface treated with Fe continuously increased with increasing annealing time. It can be assumed that the increasing of PR intensity for Fe contaminated samples as annealing time caused by the diffusion of Fe atoms from the surface.

스테로이드 여드름과 여드름양 발진에서 Malassezia (Pityrosporum) 효모균의 출현 빈도

이수근,김재홍,양홍윤,김윤석,유희준,손숙자 대한의진균학회 1998 대한의진균학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Background: Steroid acne is a folliculitis that can result from a systemic or topical administration of steroid and has been described as showing similar clinical pictures to Malassezia folliculitis, but there have been few reports about the incidence of Malassezia in steroid acne and other acneiform eruptions. Objective: Our purpose was to describe the incidences of Malassezia in acneiform eruptions and to discuss about the relationship between clinical steroid acne and Malassezia folliculitis. Methods: The history, clinical features, direct microscopy, histopathological analysis, and therapeutic results of 125 cases with steroid acne or other acneiform eruptions were described and compared. Results: Over 80% of patients with acneiform eruption receiving systemic steroid revealed significant numbers of Malassezia in the lesional follicle. Conclusion: Steroid acne and other acniform eruptions showing discrete follicular papules and/or pustules localized to the upper trunk or acneiform facial skin lesions associated with multiple acneiform lesions on the body in the summer period should be suspected as Malassezia folliculitis. [Kor J Med Mycol 3(1): 24∼32]

한국판 정신분열형 양가감정 척도[K-SAS]의 개발

이유진,석정호,전종희,안석균,김재진,이홍식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : The present study investigated the reliability and validity of Korean version of schizotypal ambivalence scale, which was developed to measure ambivalence in schizotypy, a latent personality organization that provides the liability for the development of schizophrenia. Methods : The psychometric properties of the K-SAS in a sample of 348 normal healthy controls were obtained, Subjects with various range of age and education level of male and female were included in order to investigate the correlation of these demo-graphic variables with the scores of K-SAS. Results : The internal consistency of the scale was 0.85 and split-half reliability was 0.84. The factor analysis revealed four factors which were labeled as ambivalence on identity, decision, love and outcome, respectively. There were significant main effects for age, gender, and education level, In other words, being older, male, and having more years of education had negative effects on the scale score (p<0.05). These main effects were also valid after the interaction between these demographic factors was excluded through ANCOVA. Conclusion : The Korean version of schizotypal ambivalence scale was a valid tool for measuring ambivalence in Schizoph-renia. It was found that being older, male, and having more years of education had negative effects on the scale score, and these effects should be considered when using this scale.

개에서 발생한 폐수종의 치료 증례

김유수,심재현,김건우,김지용,이병희,송근호,이영원,김덕환 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 9 months intact male American bull dog with chief complaints of dry cough, dyspnea and fever was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. Based on the findings of physical examination, radiological examination, and blood and blood chemical examinations, the present patient was diagnosed into pulmonary edema secondary to primary bacterial and aspiration pneumonia. The patient was hospitalized and treated with buscopan, cephazolin and furosemide for 1 week. His activity and appetite was returned to normal and thoracic radiographs revealed that Jung was recovered to the normal condition after treatment for 7 days. The present patient was a case with pulmonary edema showed favorable therapeutic responses to proper medication.

단순 남성 임균성 요도염에서의 levofloxacin과 ofloxacin의 치료 효과 비교

김재홍,권상진,유희준,노영석 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Ofloxacin의 광학적 L-isomer 활성체로서 광범위한 항균 파장을 가지며 항균 활성이 약 2배로 알려져 있는 levofloxacin의 단순 남성 임균성 요도염에 대한 유용성을 평가하고자 단순 남성 임균성 요도염의 치료 약제로 그 효과가 입증된 ofloxacin을 대조약으로 하여 그 치료 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 1995년 8월부터 1996년 6월까지 요도 배농을 주소로 서울 중구 보건소 성병질료실에 내원한 환자중 요도 분비물의 그람염색이나 임균 배양 검사로 단순 임균성 요도염으로 진단된 환자중 치료 효과를 추적 관찰 할 수 있었던 남자 환자 79명을 대상으로 하여, 이들 환자를 levofloxacin 200㎎ 1회 경구 복용 환자군과 ofloxacin 400㎎ 1회 경구 복용 환자군으로 나누어 치료 효과에 대한 연구를 시행한 결과 이미 알려져 있던 ofloxacin의 임균성 요도염에 대한 효과와 마찬가지로 levofloxacin 200㎎ 1회 경구 복용 치료의 경우에도 단순 남성 임균성 요도염에 우수한 치료 효과를 보였으며, 부작용도 발견되지 않았다. PPNG가 높은 빈도로 발생하고 있는 국내의 현상황에서 levofloxacin은 임균성 요도염의 치료시 1회 복용의 간편함뿐만 아니라 적은 용량 투여로도 우수한 치료 효과를 보이고, 부작용의 발현도 없는 안전하게 추천할 만한 우수한 경구용약제라고 생각된다. Background : The gonococcal urethritis is one of the most widely distributed sexually transmitted disease in the world. Recently, there are needs of new effective antibiotics for the development of the resistant strains of gonococcus. So we evaluated the effect of levofloxacin on uncomplicated male gonococcal urethritis. Methods : According to the random number sheet, we divided the patients into the group A and group B. The group A were treated with a single 200mg oral dose of levofloxacin and the group B with a single 400mg oral dose of ofloxacin. Results : 38 out of 39 patients(97.4%) treated with levofloxacin were successful in the treatment and 39 out of 40 patients(97.5%) treated with ofloxacin. Postgonococcal Urethritis noted in 9 patients(23.1%) from group A, and 10 patients(25.0%) from group B. Conclusion : As a results of this, it is considered that a single dose of 200mg levofloxacin has an excellent effect like a single dose of 400mg ofloxacin for the treatment of the uncomplicated male gonococcal urethritis.

화상환자에서 혈청중 가용성 Interleukin-2 Receptor의 변동

이희성,이유진,이종량,백광진,하재성,전건수 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.2

Cell-mediated immunity frequently becomes severely impaired after burn. However, the cause of postburn immune dysfunction is unclear and controversy exists over both pathophysiology and clinical relevance of these abnormalities. This study was undertaken to invstigate the immune responses in vivo of patients with burn. Levels of soluble IL-2R, a sensitive marker of T-cell activation, were measured in 26 patients with burn. Serum soluble IL-2R levels in patients with burn were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Serum soluble IL-2R levels were correlated closely with the severity of the burn. The burn patients were classified according to the outcome. Patients with fatal outcom always showd a higher soluble IL-2R levels than survivors. Postburn sera significantly suppressed mitogen-indeced lymphocyte proliferation. These data indicate that soluble IL-2R might be useful parameters for monitoring of the clinical course in burn patients.

소아 그레이브스병에서 부신호르몬 및 IgE의 변화

리선희,이훈영,유재홍 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Graves' disease is a autoimmune thyroid disease. In pathogenesis of Graves' disease, T cell is known as that helps production of thyroid autoantibodies. Endocrine and immune systems are connected and interdependent. Adrenal gland plays an important role in this network and control the balance between serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS) and cortisol. The authors evaluated the change of adrenal androgen, cortisol and immunoglobulin E as immune modulators in Graves' disease. From March, 1999 to August, 2002, Serum DHEAS, 24 hour urine free cortisol(F) and IgE and thyroid autoantibodies(TsAb, TBII, AMA, ATA) examined in 22 Graves' patients Serum IgE increased in 41.2% of all patients(97.41±99.07IU/mL). DHEAS was increased in only 5.5% of all patients, and it was decreased or included in normal range in 94.5% of patients(99.3±91.49μg/dL). DHEAS was correlated with ATA(r=0.517).Twenty-four hour urine free cortisol was increased in 72.2% of patients(64.45±47.59μg/dL), but it had no interrelationship with thyroid autoantibodies. Ratio of DHEAS/F had 2.08±2.06, and it had negative correlation with TsAb and TBII, respectively(r=-0.487, r=-0.565). These data demonstrate that there are change of adrenal hormones(DHEAS and cortisol) and IgE, and dis-equilibrium between two adrenal hormones in children with Graves' disease, and Thse might be some relevant to the T cell immune response induction of Graves' disease.

심장사상충증 이환견의 치료 1례

심재현,김유수,김건우,이병희,김지용,박성준,송근호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 4-years old pointer dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with chief compliment of anorexia, exercise intolerance, hemoptysis, coughing and ascites. It was diagnosed as heartworm disease (class 3) by physical and laboratory examination, radiography, ultrasonography and electrocardiography. This dog was undertaken by adulticidal therapy. Normal conditions and good appetite after therapy were observed.

Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.