Micromechanical 시험법을 이용한 전기증착된 탄소섬유 강화 Polyetherimide 로 강인화된 에폭시 복합재료의 계면물성 평가

박종만(Joung Man Park),김대식(Dae Sik Kim),공진우(Jin Woo Kong),김민영(Min Young Kim),김원호(Won Ho Kim),박인서(In Seo Park) 한국복합재료학회 2002 Composites research Vol.15 No.3

Micromechanical 시험법을 이용하여 전기증착된 탄소섬유와 polyetherimide(PEI)로 강인화된 에폭시 기지재료 사이의 계면물성과 미세파괴형상을 연구하였다. 계면전단강도 향상을 위해 전기증착법을 이용하여 탄소섬유를 표면 처리하였다. PEI 함량이 증가함에 따라 소성변형과 파괴인성 증가로 인해 계면전단강도는 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 미처리의 경우에 순수 PEI의 계면전단강도가 가장 큰 값을 보였다. 반면 전기증착의 경우에 계면전단강도는 PEI를 첨가함에 따라서 증가하였지만 그 증가폭은 미처리의 경우 보다 작았다. 미처리의 경우에서 순수 에폭시는 취성파괴 형상을 보인 반면 순수 PEI는 연성파괴 형상을 보였고 전기증착의 경우 순수 에폭시는 미처리와는 달리 연성파괴 형상을 보임을 관찰할 수 있었다. PEI는 첨가에 의한 파괴인성 강화와 전기증착에 의한 화학결합 및 계면층의 존재는 복합재료의 계면물성 향상에 효과적으로 기여하는 것으로 고려된다. Interfacial properties and microfailure modes of electrodeposition(ED) treated carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide(PEI) toughened epoxy composites were investigated using microdroplet test. ED was performed to improve the interfacial shear strength(IFSS). As PEI content increased, IFSS increased due to enhanced toughness and plastic deformation of PEI. In the untreated case, IFSS increased with adding PEI content, and IFSS of pure PEI matrix showed the highest. On the other hand, for ED-treated case IFSS increased with PEI content with rather low improvement rate. In the untreated case, neat epoxy resin appeared brittle microfailure mode, whereas pure PEI matrix exhibited more likely ductile microfailure mode. In the ED-treated case, neat epoxy exhibited more ductile fracture compared to the untreated case. Interfacial properties of epoxy-PEI composite can be affected efficiently by both the control of matrix toughness and ED treatment.

황해 동부해역 표층퇴적물의 중금속 농도 분포

선철인,박건우,박현실,박준건,김성길,최만식,SUN, CHUL-IN,PARK, GEON-WOO,PARK, HYEON-SIL,PARK, JUN KUN,KIM, SEONG GIL,CHOI, MAN SIK 한국해양학회 2018 바다 Vol.23 No.4

황해 동부해역 표층퇴적물의 중금속 분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 입도, 유기탄소(TOC)와 함께 중금속 원소들(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, As, Ni, Co, Li, Fe, Al)의 농도를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 일부 정점에서 Pb, Mn, As를 제외하면 모든 중금속 농도의 분포는 입도 및 TOC의 분포와 유사하게 황해 중앙해역에서 상대적으로 높고, 한국 연안으로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 입도와 중금속 농도간의 관계를 통하여 대부분의 금속은 입도가 세립할수록 농도가 높게 나타나는 일반적인 경향을 보였다. 그러나 일부 정점에서 Pb은 조립질 퇴적물에서의 암석기원(feldspar) 영향, Mn은 생물기원($CaCO_3$) 영향, As는 중광물(pyrite) 특성에 따라 분포 양상이 다르게 나타났다. 과거에 조사한 자료(2000년)와 비교했을 때, 황해 동부해역에서 지난 15년 동안의 추가적인 중금속 농축은 없었고, 투기해역에 대한 저질환경은 과거에 비해 크게 개선되지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 연구해역 내 모든 중금속의 농도는 한국과 중국에서 규정하고 있는 최소기준(TEL, MSQ-1)보다 낮았지만, 농축지수(enrichment factor; EF), 농집지수(geo-accumulation index; $I_{geo}$), 생태위해성지수(ecological risk index; ERI)는 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr이 황해 중앙해역에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. In order to determine the distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in surface sediments of the eastern Yellow Sea, heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, As, Ni, Co, Li, Fe and Al) together with grain size and total organic carbon (TOC), were analyzed. The concentrations of all heavy metals, with the exception of Pb, Mn and As in some stations, were relatively high in the central area of the Yellow Sea and tended to decrease toward the Korean coast. A significant relationship between grain size and concentrations of heavy metals suggested that they were mostly controlled by quartz dilution effect. However, at some stations, Pb, Mn and As exhibited different distribution patterns. For Pb, the differences were caused by petrogenetic influences (feldspar) in coarse-grained sediments. In the case of Mn, biogenetic influences ($CaCO_3$) affected distribution patterns. As was distributed differently because of the existence of a heavy mineral (pyrite). A comparison with previous data (collected in 2000) shows that the heavy metal concentration in the eastern Yellow Sea has not increased over the past fifteen years. The sedimentary environment of dumping sites in the Yellow Sea has not been significantly improved during this period. The results of the pollution assessment revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the study area were lower than lower criteria (TEL, MSQ-1) in Korean and Chinese sediment quality guidelines. The enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index ($I_{geo}$) and ecological risk index (ERI) of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr were higher in the central area of the Yellow Sea.

내시경적으로 의심되는 호산구 식도염의 임상적 의의

이근만 ( Keun Man Lee ),임현철 ( Hyun Chul Lim ),김지현 ( Jie Hyun Kim ),윤영훈 ( Young Hoon Yoon ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),이상인 ( Sang In Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2010 대한소화기학회지 Vol.56 No.5

Background/Aims: We aimed to determine the concordance rate and clinical predictors of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in patients with endoscopically suspected eosinophilic esophagitis (ESEoE) findings. Methods: From June 2006 to December 2009 in Gangnam Severance Hospital, we prospectively enrolled the patients of endoscopically suspected eosinophilic esophagitis (ESEoE), and then we retrospectively reviewed and analyzed clinical features and endoscopic findings. Results: We found 17 patients of ESEoE, and 5 of them were finally confirmed as an EoE by histology (diagnostic concordance rate 29.4%). We added two more patients previously diagnosed as EoE and compared patients of EoE+ (n=7) with EoE- (n=12). Mean age was 56.0 (range 36-70) and 51.0 (range 36-68) years old, respectively. In EoE+ group, there were 5 males and 2 females and 6 males and 6 females in EoE- group. The symptoms of EoE+ patients were dysphagia (n=5), food impaction (n=3), foreign body sensation in esophagus (n=2), chest pain (n=1), and heartburn (n=1). EoE- patients complained food impaction (n=5), heartburn (n=4), chest pain (n=2), foreign body sensation in esophagus (n=2), and dysphagia (n=1). The endoscopic findings of EoE+ patients were furrows (n=6), rings (n=5), exudates or nodules (n=3), and friability (n=1). EoE- patients showed rings (n=10) and furrows(n=7). Univariative analysis showed that `a symptom of dysphagia`, `presence of exudates or nodules`, `more than 2 suggestive endoscopic findings` were significantly different between two groups. Conclusions: In ESEoE, diagnostic concordance rate was 29.4%. In addition, `symptom of dysphagia`, `exudates or nodules`, `≥2 endoscopic findings` are more suggestive of EoE in ESEoE patients. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2010;56:285-292)

대장균을 이용한 세포사멸 유도 단백질 caspase-9의 발현에 관한 연구

성영모,한철,최주연,박효진,성근혜,남민경,김상수,김인경,강성만,임향숙,Seong, Yeong-Mo,Han, Cheol,Choe, Ju-Yeon,Park, Hyo-Jin,Seong, Geun-Hye,Nam, Min-Gyeong,Kim, Sang-Su,Kim, In-Gyeong,Gang, Seong-Man,Im, Hyang-Suk 한국미생물학회 2003 미생물학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Caspase는 세포사멸 과정에서 중심적 역할을 하는 cysteine 단백분해 효소이다. 그 중 caspase-9은 활성이 없는 전장 단백질로 존재하지만 Apaf-1과 cytochrome c와 함께 apoptosome을 이루면 활성화된다. 활성 된 caspase-9은 다른 caspase들을 활성 시키는 중요한 기능을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 대장균에서 전장 caspase-9 단백질을 정제하고자 pGEX 발현 시스템을 이용하였다. 그러나 일반적 배양 및 유도조건에서 caspase-9을 발현시키면 과다한 단백분해로 인하여 전장 caspase-9 단백질이 매우 적게 발현되었다. 이를 극복하기 위해 배양조건과 유도인자의 농도를 변화시키자 caspase-9의 과다한 단백분해 현상이 감소되고 전장 caspase-9의 발현 정도도 상당량 향상되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 배양조건으로 caspase-9을 발현, 정제하면 70%이상의 순도를 가진 GST-caspase-9 단백질을 손쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 더불어 GST 융합 caspase-9이 대장균에서 발현될 때도 포유세포 내에서 절단되는 것과 동일한 위치인 Asp315 에서 자가 단백분해 반응이 일어난다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 caspase-9의 생화학적, 세포생물학적 기능연구에 필요한 전장 단백질을 다량으로 확보할 수 있는 간단하고 효과적인 정제방법을 제안한다. Human caspase-9, an essential apoptosis initiator protease, was excessively degraded when expressed in Escherichia coli under the conventional induction condition. To optimize the conditions for induction and develop a rapid purification method for obtaining significant amounts of wild-type procaspase-9, we expressed procaspase-9 as GST fusion in E. coli. The addition of 0.01 mM IPTG as an inducer to the bacterial culture and decreasing the culture temperature to 25oC improved the production of procasapse-9 protein by circumventing proteolytic degradation in E. coli. The wild-type procaspae-9 was purified to approximately 70% purity with relatively high yields using the method developed in this study. In addition, we found that GST-caspase-9 is autocatalytically cleaved after aspartic acid 315, which is the same site for processing in mammalian cells, during expression in E. coli.

순무의 이화학적 및 기능적 특성

박용곤(Yong-Kon Park),김홍만(Heung-Man Kim),박미원(Mee-Weon Park),김성란(Sung-Ran Kim),최인욱(In-Wook Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

순무의 안토시아닌 함량을 부위별로 조사한 결과, 순무의 껍질부위만을 분리한 것이 11.49㎎%로 껍질 을 제거한 과육부위의 3.24㎎%에 비해 약 3.5배 높은 함량을 보였다. 유리아미노산은 순무뿌리의 경우 glutamic acid가 132.5㎎%로 그 함량이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 alanine 25.0㎎%, valine 23.3㎎%, serine 20.7㎎%의 순이었다. 무기질은 칼륨이 395.7㎎%로 그 함량이 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 칼슘이 187.4㎎%로 높았으며, 인이 53.6㎎%, 마그네슘이 40.7㎎%를 나타내었다. 순무뿌리를 그대로 마쇄, 착즙하여 얻은 액과 순무를 세절하여 스팀으로 5분 열처리 후 마쇄, 착즙하여 얻은 액의 휘발성 향기성분은 생순무의 경우 dimethyl disulfide성분이 가장 주된 향기성분으로 나타났고, 그 다음으로 dimethyl trisulfide, 1-hexanal, 2-methyl-1-butamine, 1-penten-3-ol 이 향기성분의 대부분을 차지하였다. 그러나 스팀으로 열처리하여 착즙한 액은 생순무 착즙액에서 가장 높은 면적비를 보인 dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide 성분은 낮은 반면 3-isothiocyanato-1-propene, 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene성분이 가장 높은 면적비를 나타내었다. 생순무 및 스팀으로 열처리 후 동결건조한 분말을 30℃와 95℃에서 물과 70% 아세톤으로 추출한 액의 총폴리페놀 함량은 생순무가 열처리순무보다 약간 높은 편이었으며, flavanol형 탄닌에 있어서 70% 아세톤이 수용성 추출물보다 생순무와 열처리순무 모두 다소 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 생순무와 열처리순무의 수용성추출물과 70% 아세톤추출물의 아질산염 소거작용은 pH가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 전자공여능은 열처리순무가 생순무보다 높았고, 수용성추출물의 경우 95℃보다는 30℃처리구가 높은 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical and functional properties of turnip. The concentrations of antocyanin in the rind of root was 3.24㎎%, which was about 3.5 times higher than those in the flesh. Among free amino acids in each part of turnip, glutamic acid showed the highest concentrations(132.5㎎%) in the root followed by alanine(25.0㎎%), valine (23.3㎎%), and serine (20.7㎎%). Contents of minerals in the root of turnip were 395.7㎎% for potassium, 187㎎% for calcium, 53.6㎎% for phosphate, and 40.7㎎% for magnesium. According to dynamic heasdspace analysis, dimethyl disulfide was the most abundant flavor components from the juice of fresh turnip and other volatile components such as dimethyl trisulfide, 1-hexanal, 2-methyl-1-butamine, and 1-penten-3-ol were also identified. From the blanched turnip, however, 3-isothiocyanato-1-propene and 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene were mainly detected. Fresh and blanched turnips were extracted with water or 70% acetone to investigate percent yield. The concentrations of total polyphenols in the extracts of fresh turnip were higher than those of blanched turnip. The nitrite-scavenging effects of water and 70% acetone extracts from fresh or blanched turnip were decreased as pH was increased. Between two water extracts, the 30℃ water extracts showed the higher values of electron donating ability than 95℃ water extracts.

교통사고상해증후군 한의표준임상진료지침 개발을 위한 환자의 의료이용 경험과 의료체계 인식도 설문조사 연구

박선영 ( Sun-young Park ),이상현 ( Sang-hyun Lee ),허인 ( In Heo ),황만석 ( Man-suk Hwang ),김고운 ( Koh-woon Kim ),조재흥 ( Jae-heung Cho ),박경선 ( Kyoung Sun Park ),하인혁 ( In Hyuk Ha ),신병철 ( Byung-cheul Shin ) 한방재활의학과학회 2020 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Objectives To explore the traffic injury patients’ experience on health care utilization of Korean Medicine (KM) practice and perception of health care system for developing a Korean medicine clinical practice guideline (CPG) of traffic injuries by survey method. Methods Two hundred ten patients in suffering from traffic injuries were surveyed from September 1st, 2019 to January 31th, 2020 at 2 University Hospitals (Pusan National Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong) and 1 Spine Specialty Hospital (Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine). A structured questionnaire of experience on health care utilization of KM practice and perception of health care system of was distributed to responders by visits and all data were statistically analysed. Results Survey results showed high satisfaction of patients with the experience of KM treatments in order of daoyin exercise (7.8±2.3), chuna manual therapy (7.7±4.0), pharmacoacupuncture (7.4±3.0) etc. Safety concerns were reported in 9.1% subjects and 205 (97.6%) patients answered that collaboration with KM and western medicine is necessary for patients with traffic injuries. For the patients’ requirement for extending insurance coverage, the most required therapy was chuna manual therapy (57.5%) and pharmacoacupuncture (42.0%). Conclusions This study presented the realistic patient-centered perception of KM practice and health care system in Korea. These results will provide basic data to be reflected in the process of adaptation for the revision of Korean Medicine CPG for traffic injuries. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2020;30(2):139-152)

$PEO-SO_3$를 이용한 항석회화 조직첨포의 개발 (I) - 잡견을 이용한 대동맥과 폐동맥 이식 실험연구 -

김형묵,백만종,선경,김광택,이인성,김학제,이원규,박기동,Kim, Hyoung-Mook,Baek, Man-Jong,Sun, Kyung,Kim, Kwang-Taik,Lee, In-Sung,Kim, Hark-Jei,Lee, Won-Kyu,Park, Ki-Dong 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.10

연구배경: 인체에 이식된 동종 혹은 이종조직은 궁극적으로 석회화 변성이 일어난다. 저자들은 독자적인 항석회화 처리법을 이용해 석회화에 내구성을 가진 심혈관용 조직첨포를 개발하였다. 재료 및 방법:도축장에서 채취한 신선한 소의 심막을 Hank 용액에 담아 실험실로 이송하였다. 불필요한 부분을 절제해 낸 심낭조직을 0.65% glutaraldehyde 용액(4$^{\circ}C$)에 1주일 동안 저장한 다음 phophate-buffered saline 용액(pH 7.4)로 세척하였다. 이후 2.5% 술폰산화 폴리에틸렌옥사이드(PEO-SO3) 용액으로 실온에서 2일 동안 처리한 다음 4$^{\circ}C$ NaBH4용액으로 16시간 동안 환원시켰다. 실험은 글루타르알데하이드 용액으로만 처리한 심막첨포와 항석회화 처리된 심막첨포를 각각 대조군(GA군, n=4)과 실험군(PEO-SO3군, n=4)으로 나누어 혈관벽에 이식하여 석회화 변성 정도를 비교하였다. 실험모델은 성견의 폐동맥과 대동맥 벽의 일부를 절제한 후 심막첨포로 재건하는 방법을 이용하였고, 수술 후 평균 1개월 째에 이식된 첨포를 적출하여 조직병리 변화와 칼슘 및 인 함량을 측정하였다. 결과: 실험군이 대조군에 비해 조직 위축 변성, 칼슘(폐동맥; 1.55$\pm$0.29 vs. 6.72$\pm$0.70 mg/g, 대동맥; 7.10$\pm$1.05 vs. 13.81$\pm$2.33 mg/g) 및 인의 침착량 (폐동맥; 2.58$\pm$0.40 vs. 12.60$\pm$3.40 mg/g, 대동맥; 8.11$\pm$1.07 mg/g vs. 19.33$\pm$4.31 mg/g)이 현저하게 적었다 (P<0.01). 결론:이상의 결과에서 PEO-SO$_3$로 처리한 조직첨포는, 비록 단기관찰 결과이지만, 충분한 석회화 내성을 보이며 이 조직첨포의 장기적인 안정성과 적합성에 대해서는 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Background: Calcific degeneration is unavoidable in either homo- or heterografts implanted in the human body. We have developed a calcification-resistant cardiovascular tissue patch using a novel technique of anticalcification. Materials and methods: Fresh bovine pericardium was harvested at the slaughter house and transfered to the laboratory in Hank's solution. After trimming and fixing the pericardium, it was embedded in 4$^{\circ}C$ 0.65% glutaraldehyde for a week and then washed by phosphate-buffered saline(PBS) of pH 7.4. This prepared pericardium was then stored in 2.5% sulphonated polyethyleneoxide(PEO-SO3) solution for 2 days at room temperature and reversed by 4$^{\circ}C$ NaBH4 solution for 16 hours. To evaluate the calcification-resistance of surface modified bovine pericardium with PEO-SO3, either glutaraldehyde- treated(GA group, n=4) or PEO-SO3-treated pericardial patch(PEO-SO3 group, n=4) was implanted into adult mongrel dog to reconstruct the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta using a partial clamp technique. After 1 month follow-up, the implanted patches were retrieved to evaluate the pathologic findings and the content of calcium and phosphorous. Results: The PEO-SO3 group showed substantially less retraction and significantly less calcium deposition than the GA group in both aortic(7.10$\pm$1.05 vs. 13.81$\pm$2.33 mg/g of dried tissue) and pulmonary positions(1.55$\pm$0.29 vs. 6.72$\pm$0.70 mg/g)(p<0.01). Phosphorous contents were also less in the PEO-SO3 group than the GA group significantly, 8.11$\pm$1.07 mg/g vs. 19.33$\pm$4.31 mg/g in the aortic and 2.58$\pm$0.40 vs. 12.60$\pm$3.40 mg/g in thepulmonary position(p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that PEO-SO3 modified bovine pericardium is highly calcification-resistant but further study is needed to evaluate the long-term biological safety and compatibility of the prosthesis.

일차 배양 해마신경세포에서 NMDA- 및 Glutamate- 유도전류의 특성

김일만,손은익,김동원,김인홍,임만빈,송대규,박원균,배재훈,최하영,Kim, Il-Man,Son, Eun-Ik,Kim, Dong-Won,Kim, In-Hong,Yim, Man-Bin,Song, Dae-Kyu,Park, Won-Kyun,Bae, Jae-Hun,Choi, Ha-Young 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.11

Objectives : This study was performed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons to investigate the acute electrophysiological features of ionotropic glutamate receptors which act as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. Method : Glutamate receptor agonists were applied into the bath solution embedding in whole-cell patch-clamp recording of single hippocampal neuron. Results : In voltage-clamped at -60mV and the presence of 1mmol $Mg^{2+}$, extracellulary applied NMDA did not induce any inward current. Both the elimination of $Mg^{2+}$ and addition of glycine in bath, however, elicited a NMDAinduced inward current. $Mg^{2+}$ block current was increased gradually in more negative potentials from -30mV, showing a negative slope in I-V plot with $Mg^{2+}$. Glutamate-induced current represented an outward rectification. A non-NMDA receptor component occupied about 40% of glutamate-induced current in the voltage range of -80mV to +60mV. Conclusion : Present study suggests that glutamate activates acutely the non-NMDA receptors which induces an inward current in the level of resting membrane potential. This makes the membrane potential increase and can activate the NMDA receptors that permit calcium influx against $Mg^{2+}$ block. At the depolarized state of neuron, there may be recovery mechanisms of membrane potential to repolarize irrespective of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the hippocampal neurons.

직류 전원을 사용하는 형광등용 안정기 연구

한수빈(Soo-Bin Han),박석인(Suck-In Park),송유진(Eugine Song),정학근(Hak-Guen Jeoung),정봉만(Bong-man Jeoung),유승원(Seong-Won You) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2007 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11월

In a design of DC ballast for fluorescent lamp, pre-stage of DC-DC converter is required to keep the constant output lumen performance regardless of variable DC input voltage. In this paper, flyback topology is used for optimum performance of 32W lamp, and various important design points for successful operation over the whole operating range are described.

선박부품의 용접불량 자동검사 기술에 관한 연구

김억곤(Eok-Gon Kim),박인만(In-Man Park) 한국산업융합학회 2014 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

In this paper proposes a non-contact inspective technology based vision technology for faulty inspection of welding States and Parts Shape. The maine focus is real time implementation of the machining parts' automatic inspection by the robotic moving. For this purpose, the automatic test instrument inspects the precision components designator the vision system. pattern Recognition Technologies and Precision Components for vision inspection technology and precision machining of precision parts including the status and appearance distinguish between good and bad. To perform a realization of a real-time automation integration system for the precision parts of manufacturing process, it is designed a robot vision system for the integrated system controller and verified the reliability through experiments. The main contents of this dissertation, the robot vision technology for noncontact inspection of precision components and welding states is to utilize this technology in the production process for FA.