CROSS 공법을 이용한 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구

박광하,심재도,권영두,강동수,김인호,정태명,황갑성 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study aims to develop using a continuous removal of organic and settling solid(CROSS) to increase the efficiency of aeration system for wastewater treatment. To solve many problems of the conventional activated-sludge process, authors suggested a new CROSS model in conjunction with aeration systems in 1996. This system is characterized by utilizing an intensive aeration pipe with inlets at the lower portion and outlets at the higher portion in an aeration tank. Through the experiments on CROSS process, the average removal efficiences of BOD, COD_(Mn), SS, T-N and T-P were showed 98.8%, 93.9%, 98.0%, 71.3% and 49.8%. The average DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) concentration was constantly maintained at 8.0 mg/L by the intensive aeration which was accompanied by rapid reduction of BOD. Degradation of the organic matters in sewage then continued for the whole aeration period. The process demonstrated that it was very adaptive without seeding and returning the sludge. Compared to the activated sludge system, the system was very flexible for the continuous flow treatment. This preliminary assessment showed that the porous media in CROSS reactor is viable for the sewage treatment, since the porous media under the intensive aeration achieves acceptable effluent quality.

Effects of Tube Materials and Cooling Media on the Energy Separation in Vortex Tubes

Riu, Kap-Jong,Kim, Hyun-Woo,Park, In-Su,Kim, Byung-Ha The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2002 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.10 No.3

The phenomena of energy separation in vortex tubes was investigated experimentally to see the subsidiary effect of the conductivity of tube material and cooling conditions around the outer surface of the tube. The experiment was carried out with pyrex, stainless steel and copper tubes, and the heat transfer conditions of the tubes were with insulation, without in-sulation and water cooling modes respectively The results were obtained that the hot exit fluid temperature was highly affected by a change of conductivity of a tube when the outer surface was cooled by the water, while the working fluid through the tubes was air. How-ever, the cold exit temperature was little affected by the heat transfer modes on the outer surface of the vortex tube.

Equalizer Amplifier의 最適設計에 관한 硏究

朴仁甲 건국대학교 1982 學術誌 Vol.26 No.2

The response analysis in the optimal design of complicated electronic circuits requires large memory capacity and considerable length of time. In this paper, in order to enhance the efficiency of memory capacity and the excuting time, SPARSE matrix is applied to the solution of simultaneous equations required for the analysis of electronic circuits. An equalizer amplifier is designed by this optimal design program.

回路素子의 最適許容公差 決定에 관한 硏究

朴仁甲,李鐘岳 건국대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1982 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The component cost associated with the component tolerance. In this paper, therefore, an algorithm is presented that will assign circuit component tolerances that minimizes network cost and that satisfy the worst cases. The component tolerances of a voltage divider are assigned by this algorithm. As result, this algorithm is verified effective.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

부신 피질 선종 및 선암에 대한 임상적 고찰

박정수,이미경,최인준,허갑범,이현철,임승길,이은직,이관우,김경래,김미림,이용찬 대한내분비학회 1989 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.4 No.2

A clinical and pathological study was performed in 39 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma and carcinoma who were admitted to Severance Hospital from 1967 to June 1989. The following results were obtained. 1) The carcinoma patients were 14 cases (male 6, female 8) and the adenoma patients were 25 cases (male 9, female 16). The mean age of carcinoma (42.9 yrs) was higher than that of adenoma (33.5 yrs). 2) In the clinical presentaitons at the time of diagnosis, functioning syndrome was noted more frequently in adenoma (96.0%) than in carcinoma (35.7%). Abdominal mass and Lymph node metastasis were observed in carcinoma at 57.1% and 7.1%, respectively. Abdominal pain was observed more frequently in carcinoma (50.0%) than in adenoma (8.0%). General weakness was similarly observed in carcinoma (28.6%) and adenoma (28.0%). 3) In the endocrine abnormalities of adenoma, most were Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism and 1 case of virilization was noted. In carcinoma, 5 cases (35.7%) of Cushing's syndrome and 1 case of Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism appeared. 4) In the cases of Cushing's syndrome, the 24 hour urinary 17-KS was less than 25 mg in all adenoma cases and more than 25 mg in all carcinoma cases. But there were no differences between adenoma and carcinoma in serum cortisol and 24 hour urinary 17-OHCS levels. 5) The adenoma was more frequently found on the left side (64.0%). The carcinoma was found on the right side in 7 patients, on the left side in 6 patients and on both sides in 1 patient. 6) In the pathological findings, the growth pattern was mostly alveolar type in adenoma (88.4%) and mostly diffuse type in carcinoma (66.7%). Invasion and mitotic activity were observed more frequently in carcinoma. Cell size was mostly small in adenoma and carcinoma. Fibrous band formation was more frequently found in adenoma (75.0%). 7) The diameter and weight of the tumor were higher in carcinoma than in adenoma. 8) Carcinoma was metastasized in 7 cases to the lung, lymph nodes, bone and liver in 3 cases respectively and to the kidney and inferior vena cave in each case (J. Kor Soc Endocrinol 4:145~152, 1989)

The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil for the Prevention of Xerotic Cheilitis in Acne Patients Being Treated with Isotretinoin: A Pilot Study

( Kui Young Park ),( Eun Jung Ko ),( In Su Kim ),( Kap Sok Li ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeung Nam Kim ),( Chang Kwun Hong ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.6

Background: The most common adverse effects of oral isotretinoin are cheilitis, skin dryness, dry eyes, and conjunctivitis, whereas evening primrose oil (EPO) is known to improve skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults and atopic patients. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of EPO in preventing xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. Methods: Forty Korean volunteers of Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV, having moderate acne, were enrolled and randomized to receive either isotretinoin with or without EPO for 8 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of global acne grading system scores, number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, TEWL, corneometry, physician’s global assessment, and patient satisfaction. Results: The results after 8 weeks of treatment showed that the TEWL of the lip increased significantly during isotretinoin treatment, whereas the TEWL of the hand dorsum showed no significant change. The increase of the TEWL of the lip was more definite in the control group than in the experimental group. The number of acne lesions decreased significantly in both groups, and there were no differences between them. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the addition of EPO improved xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. However, besides TEWL and corneometry assessments, additional studies are required for a complete understanding of the role of EPO in xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. (Ann Dermatol 26(6) 706∼712, 2014)

성장호르몬이 결핍된 성인에서 성장호르몬의 치료 효과

정윤석(Yoon Sok Chung),이현철(Hyun Chul Lee),안광진(Kwang Jin Ahn),이은직(Eun Jig Lee),임승길(Sung Kil Lim),김경래(Kyung Rae Kim),허갑범(Kap Bum Huh),황수관(Soo Kwan Hwang),백인경(In Kyoung Park),이종호(Jong Ho Lee),이영해(Young Hae 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

N/A Background: The growth hormone deficient adults have reduced lean body mass and increased fat mass. And growth hormone deficiency leads to other endocrinologic and metabolic alterations. In recent studies, growth hormone replacement therapy improved these endocrinologic and metabolic alterations. Methods: In a placebo controlled trial, we studied the effects of six months treatment of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in 28 adults with GH deficiency, The patients had acquired GH deficiency due to pituitary tumors (13 cases), Sheehan`s syndrome (13 cases), and head trauma (2 cases). They were randomly divided into three groups. The group 1 (10 cases, M:F= 5:5) received 0.06 U of rhGH per kilogram of body weight subcutaneously three times a week at bed time, the group 2 (9 cases, M:F=4:5) received same amout of rhGH daily, and the group 3 (9 cases, M:F=4:5) received placebo. Results; In all three groups the total body weight did not change, whereas lean body mass significantly increased and adipose tissue mass decreased in rhGH treatment groups. The plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were not increased during rhGH treatment. The bone mineral densities of spines and femurs were not changed. According to computed tomography on two levels (umbilicus and mid-thigh), the mean mid-thigh muscle mass was significantly increased in group 1, while visceral fat mass significantly decreased in group 2. In groups 1 and 2, rhGH slightly increased exercise maximum oxygen uptake, significantly increased exercise rate-pressure product, hand grip strength and back lift strength after rhGH treatment, but the placebo group had not any change. Conclusion: These results suggest that rhGH has various potentially beneficial effects in GH-deficient adults, especially in changing body composition and increasing exercise capacity.

관상동맥질환 환자 , 운동선수 및 정상 대조군에서 혈청지질 및 Apolipoproteins 에 대한 연구

박정의(Jeong Euy Park),김우주(Woo Joo Kim),최인석(In Suok Choi),김대원(Dae Won Kim),이갑노(Kap No Lee),김성수(Sung Soo Kim),유원상(Won Sang Yoo),최석구(Suck Koo Choi),이건주(Kun Joo Rhee),서순규(Soon Kyu Suh),이영(Young Lee),고영박(You 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.5

N/A To investigate the usefulness of serum lipids and apolipoproteins as indices of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and to know the effects of regular exercise on the serum lipids and apolipoproteins, we measured the serum lipids and apolipoproteins in the patients with coronary artery disease, athletes and normal control persons. The study subjects included 67 patients with CAD (57. 8±11.2yr), 22 athletes (21.5±2.1yr) and 62 normal control persons (34.3±11.4yr). 1) In the patients with CAD the serum total cholesterol (TC) was 177. 2±38.5 mg/dl and the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 39.0±11.2mg/dl. In the normal control persons TC was 162.5±33.5 mg/dl and HDL-C was 42.4±12.6mg/dl, which were not significantly different from the values of CAD patients. 2) The serum apolipopratein A (Apo-A) was significantly lower (201.9±39.6mg/dl, p<0.05), and the apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) was significantly higher (132.3±29.7 mg/dl, p<0.05) in the patients with CAD, compared with normal control persons (age over 40 years; Apo-A: 246.3±39.9 mg/dl, Apo-B: 117.9±26.4 mg/dl). 3) The TC/HDL-C ratio and Apo B/A ratio were significantly higher (4.9±1.6, 0.67±0.17, p<0.005 for TC/HDL-C ratio and p<0.05 for Apo B/A ratio) in the CAD patients compared with normal control persons (age over 40 years; 3.6±1.1, 0.49±0.10). 4) The TC/HDL-C ratio ≥4.0 and Apo B/A ratio ≥0.55 were the good discriminating criteria separating the CAD patients from the normal control persons. 5) In the athletes, the serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly lower (65.7±20.7mg/dl, p<0.001), and the HDL-C was significantly higher (57.8±11.2 mg/dl, p<0.001) compared with normal control persons (age under 30 years; TG; 119.8±94.3 mg/dl, HDL-C: 44.6±11.0mg/dl). The Apo-A, Apo-B, TC/HDL-C ratio and Apo B/A ratio were all significantly lower (p<0.01) compared with those in the normal control persons. 6) Among the athletes, the HDL-C was highest and the TG was lowest in the swimmers compared with fencing players and wrestlers. The Apo B/A ratio and TC/HD1-C ratio were better discriminating indices of risk factors for CAD compared with individual lipids or apolipoprotein values. The Apo-A and Apo-B were considered to be good indices of risks for CAD. The athletes had lowest risks for CAD.

The Annual Changes of Clinical Manifestation of Androgenetic Alopecia Clinic in Korean Males and Females; A Outpatient-Based Study

( Woo Sun Jang ),( In Pyeong Son ),( In Kwon Yeo ),( Kui Young Park ),( Kap Sok Li ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeung Nam Kim ),( Chang Kwun Hong ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.2

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the local and gradual transformation of terminal scalp hair into vellus hair, which has a shorter and thinner shaft. There are no studies that analyze annual changes in age, patterns, family history, and associated disease. Objective: We investigated the severity of hair loss, age of onset, the frequency of family history, and past medical histories in Korean patients with AGA. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients with AGA referred to the Dermatology Clinic at Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2010. Results: The age of onset was also gradually decreased from 34.1±10.1 years to 31.6±10.9 years between 2006 and 2010. In female patients, specific annual changes were not observed. Hamilton-Norwood Type IIIv AGA was most common in male patients and Ludwig Type I AGA was most common in female patients at all times between 2006 and 2010. The majority of patients with AGA had a family history of baldness and was most commonly associated with a paternal pattern of inheritance. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common associated disease in male and female patients. Conclusion: Our results show the possibilities that the average age of onset is decreasing. The period of the present study was only 5 years, which is not sufficient for the precise determination of onset age for AGA. Clearly, a long-term study is needed.