In_xGa_1-xN/GaN 다중양자우물 구조의 광학적 성질 연구

김기홍,김인수,박헌보,배인호,유재인,장윤석,Kim, Ki-Hong,Kim, In-Su,Park, Hun-Bo,Bae, In-Ho,Yu, jae-In,Jang, Yoon-Seok 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.1

$In_xGa_{1-x}N$/GaN 다중양자우물 구조의 EL 특성을 온도와 주입전류 변화에 따른 특성을 조사하였다 저전류와 고전류 주입시 EL 효율의 온도 의존 변화는 매우 다르게 나타나는데, 이러한 온도와 전류의 변화에 의한 독특한 EL 효율의 변화는 내부전기장의 존재 하에 순방향 바이어스에 기인한 외부전기장의 영향인 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그리고 $In_xGa_{1-x}N$/GaN 다중양자우물 구조에서 In 성비의 증가는 발광파장위치의 적색이동을 보였다. 15K에서 주입 전류의 증가에 따라 녹색 양자우물 구조는 80 meV와 청색 양자우물 구조는 22 meV의 청색 편이를 하였다. 이는 전류의 증가에 의해 단위 시간당 생성되는 캐리어 수가증가하게 되고 그에 따라 subband가 급격히 채워지는 band filling 현상이 일어나게 되어 짧은 파장에서 재결합이 증가하기 때문이다. 그리고 청색과 녹색 다중 양자우물구조의 짧은 파장 쪽으로의 편이 차이는 In 농도에 기인한 것으로 In 농도가 높으면 양자우물 깊이가 증가되어 더 강한 양자속박효과가 작용하여 캐리어 구속력이 증가하기 때문 것으로 볼 수 있다. Temperature and injection current dependence of electroluminescence(EL) spectral intensity of the $In_xGa_{1-x}N$/GaN multi-quantum wells(MQW) have been studied over a wide temperature range and as a function of injection current level. It is found that a temperature-dependent variation pattern of the EL efficiency under very low and high injection currents shows a drastic difference. This unique EL efficiency variation pattern with temperature and current can be explained field effects due to the driving forward bias in presence of internal(piezo and spontaneous polarization) fields. Increase of the indium content in $In_xGa_{1-x}N$/GaN multiple quantum wells gives rise to a redshift of 80 meV and 22 meV for green and blue MQW, respectively. It can be explained by carrier localization by potential fluctuation of multiple quantum well and MQW structures also shows a keen difference owing to the different indium content in InGaN/GaN MQW.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

In₆S₇ nanoparticle-embedded and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped microporous carbons derived from In(tdc)₂ metal-organic framework

Choi, In-Hwan,Jang, So-Young,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Huh, Seong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Dalton Transactions Vol.47 No.4

<P>Indium sulfide nanoparticle (NP)-embedded microporous carbons co-doped with S- and N-dopants are easily prepared by a direct carbonization of the as-prepared In(iii)-based metal-organic framework (In-MOF), [Et2NH2][In(tdc)2]·DEF, containing ditopic S-containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc<SUP>2−</SUP>) bridging linkers as a potential source of S-dopant. The charge on the anionic framework of [In(tdc)2]<SUP>−</SUP> is balanced by Et2NH2<SUP>+</SUP>, which is also a potential N-dopant. Simultaneous embedding of In-based NPs, S-, and N-co-doping is achieved in a simple single step carbonization of In-MOF. Three porous carbon materials (PCMs), PCM-700, PCM-800, and PCM-900, are obtained from the carbonization of In-MOF at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The gas sorption analysis indicates them as good CO2 sorbents. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by PCMs under visible light irradiation is also effectively operable owing to the photocatalytically active semiconducting indium sulfide NP with a small bandgap. The main component of indium sulfide NPs is revealed as In6S7 based on the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Small amounts of metallic In and In2S3 are also observed. The specific capacitances of PCMs are also estimated from the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. PCM-900 exhibits the highest gravimetric specific capacitance of 99.0 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.05 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

Nelumbinis Semen Reverses a Decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$Receptor Binding Induced by Chronic Mild Stress, a Depression-like Symptom

Jang, Choon-Gon,Kang, Moon-Kyu,Cho, Jae-Han,Lee, Sun-Bok,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Park, Soon-Kwon,Lee, Jin-Woo,Park, Seong-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Shin, Min-Kyu,Shim, In-Sup,Bae , Hyun-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.10

Depression is associated with a dysfunctional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system. More recently, several lines of evidence suggest that an important factor in the development of depression may be a deficit in the function and expression of $5-HT_{1A}$ receptors. The present study assessed if Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) had an anti-depression effect through reversing a decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in rats with depression-like symptoms induced by chronic mild stress. Using a $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor binding assay, with a specific $5-HT_{1A}$receptor agonist, 8- OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin), the mechanism of the anti-depression effect of N. s. on rats was investigated, and the effects compared with two well-known antidepressants, Hyperium Perforatum (St. Johns Wort) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Animals were divided into five groups: the normal (N) group without chronic mild stress (CMS), the control (C) group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Hyperium Perforatum (H. p.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks and finally, the fluoxetine (F) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks. Each treatment was administered to rats during the last 4 weeks of the 8-week CMS. A sucrose intake test was performed to test the anti-depression effect of N. s. The N. s. treatment significantly reversed the decreased sucrose intake under CMS (P<0.05 compared to control group under CMS). In the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, both N. s. and H. p. reversed the CMS-induced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. In the I to II regions of the frontal cortex, N. s. and H. p. also reversed the CMS-induced decrease in$5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding, and even showed a significant increase in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding compared to the F treatment group (N. s. vs. P, p<0.05, H. p. vs. P, p<0.05). However, in the hypothalamus, all treatments reversed the CMSinduced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. This reversal effect of N. s. on the decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat brains was very similar to that of H. p, but different from that of F. It is concluded that N. s. presents an anti-depression effect through enhancing $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding.

만성육아 종성염증에서의 T-cell 그리고 B-cell의 분포에 관한 연구

장인성,양승하,강상균 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Tuberculosis, leprosy, foreign body reaction, parasite, and fungal infection are chronic granulomatous inflammation forming granuloma within lesion. There are much studies for the mechanism of cell mediated immume reaction in tuberculosis and leprosy, but the study using immune peroxidase stain in paraffin embedded tissue is rare. This study was carried out to observe the distribution of T cell and B cell in chronic granulomatious inflammation, such as tuberculosis 21 cases, leprosy 9 cases, cysticercosis 7 cases, and foreign body reaction 8 cases. Fourthy five cases of above diseases obtained by excisional biposy were processed for immune enzyme histologic stain by Avidin-Biotin complex method using MT1 and MB2. The results obtained are following as : 1. Tuberculosis showed positive reaction of MT1 in all within and outer granuloma among 21 cases, and MB2 in 2 cases and 14 cases respectively. 2. In 9 cases of leprosy lepromatous type showed positive reaction of MT1 in all 5 cases and MB2 in each 2 cases within and outer granuloma, tuberculoid and borderline types showed posittive reaction of MT1 and MB2 in all 2 cases respectively. 3. Positive reaction of MT1 in 7 cases of cysticercosis, revealed 6 cases within granuloma and all cases outer one, MB2 in 5 cases and 6 cases respectively. 4. Positive reaction of MT1 in 8 cases of foreign body reaction disclose 5 cases within granuloma and 7 cases outer one, and MB2 in 3 cases and 4 cases respectively. The above results showed T cell is related to main immune protective mechanism in granulomatous inflammation, and B cell reveal only weak reaction.

죠지 허버트의 『성전』 : 자아인식과 신앙

장인수 한국문학과종교학회 2002 문학과종교 Vol.7 No.2

There are two self-recognitions in George Herbert's consciousness, the first one is religious self-recognition that man has to stand in awe of God and praise to the Lord God in heaven. The other one is worldly self-recognition realized in his early academic achievements, social position and his earthly temptations. When he was seventeen he declared that he dropped the secular petrarchan style of poetry and wrote only religious poems intentionally. At this time of declaration, his religious self-recognition had been fastened upon his mind. But when he was a Public Orator at University and a member of parliament in his home town. the worldly self-recognition had been set up in his consciousness gradually. He layed the position down daringly to be a priest that he got more religious self-recognition than worldly self-recognition at that time. When he was in the church, worldly temptation and desire afflicted him continuously. But I think that it was God's providence to solidify his religious self-recognition more than ever. Even though he was discontented about his tied life to God and the conflict between worldly and spiritual recognitions, the religious self-recognition always won in his consciousness since the root of his belief was so deep. His conflict had been resolved to see Christ's salvation and then he could dedicated his mind and soul to the Lord God in heaven. There are several steps of belief in Herbert's poetry, the first step is in making a covenant to praise and pray to God. And the second step is fulfillment of the covenant. In the fulfillment, there is some kind of impact between worldly temptation and religious duty in the third step. In the last step, however, the conflict caused by afflictions changed him to become obedient influenced by his religious self-recognition, then he could enter the road of God's salvation.

공군사관생도의 심폐능력에 따른 심리 · 생리요인 비교

김인기(In-ki Kim),김건희(Gun-hee Kim),송성우(Sung-woo Song),최가람(Ga-ram Choi),엄장원(Jang-won Eom),곽재준(Jae-jun Kwak),유영남(Young-nam You),정덕화(Deok-hwa Jeong),강지훈(Ji-hun Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2019 한국군사학논집 Vol.75 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in psychological and physiological factors between groups by classifying groups based on the 3km running record of fourth grade Air Force Academy cadets. Among the top 46 Air Force Academy cadets who wanted to participate in the study, the study conducted an open survey of the top 13 and the bottom 15 who wanted to provide the data prior to the study. The subjects of the experiment and in-depth interview were studied by a total of 18 people, 9 of each upper and lower members who wished to participate in the study. Psychological factors were structured through inductive content analysis of data extracted from in-depth interviews, and physiological factors were conducted to verify differences between groups of body composition and cardiopulmonary function. The psychological factors of the upper and lower groups were found to be general areas of performance strategy, achievement motivation, emotional response, military spirit, situation perception, and basic physical strength. In the detailed areas, the subjects were also examined in 15 areas including physical fitness indicators, confidence, condition control, task orientation, and positive self-perception. As a result of comparison between upper and lower groups, the upper group was 2.2 times higher than the lower group and the lower group was 1.7 times higher than the upper group in the military spirit and performance strategy of the general area response rate. In general area response, the ratio of mental strength and confidence was different in the general area of military spirit. In addition, the upper group in the achievement motivation showed a high percentage of task tendency at 47%, while the lower group showed a high rate of zero motivation at 50%. In the emotional response, the upper group showed an equal ratio, while the lower group showed an 81% ratio of negative emotions. In the overall response by sub-region, the negative emotions of the subgroup were high at 28%. In the body composition, BFM showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and Weight, FFM, and SMM did not show any significant difference between groups. In cardiopulmonary capacity, VO2max showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and VE and LT did not show significant differences between groups.

1970년대 북한의 발전위기와 대중운동노선 재정립

장인숙 ( In Sook Jang ) 북한연구학회 2011 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.15 No.1

다른 현실 사회주의체제가 겪었던 발전위기 문제점들이 1970년대 북한에서도 표면화 된다. 이에 북한은 ``천리마운동(Chollima Movement)``과 다른 ``3대혁명운동(Three-Revolution Movement)``의 본격화로 대응한다. 이 시기 ``3대혁명운동``에 주목하는 이유는 경제 침체에서 비롯한 체제 위기에 대한 대응이 여타의 현실 사회주의 국가와 다른 북한만의 특수성을 함축하고 있기 때문이다. 현실 사회주의체제는 발전위기에 직면하여 시장원리 및 자본주의적 요소를 도입하는 실용주의의 길을 택한다. 그러나 북한은 역으로 전통적인 사회주의 발전전략을 고수하는 가운데 대중운동노선 재정립으로 발전위기 돌파를 모색한다. 1960년대와는 차별화된 1970년대식 대중운동인 ``3대혁명운동``이 추진된다. 이러한 북한의 선택은 당시 북한이 직면했던 중앙집권화된 계획경제의 구조적 문제에 대한 근본적인 처방이 아니었다. 경제적 논리로 분석한다면 합리적인 선택이라고 볼 수 없다. 오히려 발전위기 발생의 주요 요인이었던 중앙집권적 성격을 강화시키는 조치이다. 이는 효율적·합리적 선택이 가로막혔던 분단체제라는 현실적 한계 속에서 북한이 택할 수밖에 없었던 위기 대응 방식이었다. 1970년대 북한이 처해있던 분단체제의 구조적 한계는 현재까지 지속되고 있다. 또한 1970년대 확립된 대중운동노선은 북한 사회주의 경제건설방식으로 고착되어 오늘날까지 그 원칙과 방향이 지속되고 있다. 합리적 선택으로 보였던 현실 사회주의의 자본주의 요소 도입 및 실용주의의 길은 결국 개혁·개방을 거쳐 체제전환 및 사회주의 붕괴로 귀결되었다. 그러나 경제논리가 아닌 대중운동이라는 정치우위방식으로 발전위기에 대처했던 북한은 체제를 유지하고 있다. 이는 ``3대혁명운동``이 북한 계획 및 폐쇄 경제와 같은 체제 내적 한계를 보완하며 체제를 지탱하는 버팀목으로 작용하였음을 방증한다. My dissertation researches and examines the process on the reorganization and refreshment of the Mass Movement line in the 1970s which the North Korean`s prototype in the Mass Movement was set up in. Development crisis experienced in other socialist systems in history comes up to surface in 1970`s North Korean society. North Korea corresponds to such problems by hitting their strides in ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` different from ``Chollima Movement.`` The ``Three-Revolution Movement`` at that period of time gains attention in that it holds its uniqueness by reacting differently from how other socialist states has dealt with system`s crisis resulting from economic downturn. Facing development crisis, other socialist states choose a pragmatic path to adopt market principles and capitalistic elements. However, North Korea adheres to traditional socialism development strategy and seeks solution by reorganization mass movement line. Differentiated from 1960`s, 1970`s mass movement line, ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` is pushed ahead. However, at that time, North Korea`s decision was not an fundamental solution to its centralized planned economy. In economic logic, it cannot be viewed as a rational decision. Rather, it was a decision enforcing centralized nature, which was the main cause of development crisis. North Korea`s reaction to crisis was carried out under the divided status of two Koreas, limiting the country from making efficient and rational choice. The fundamental limitation of the divided system in 1970`s still remains in the present North Korean society. In addition, the mass movement line has set in and perpetuates as reconstructing strategy of North Korea`s socialist economy, preserving its principles and directions till today. Seen as rational choice, other socialist state introducing capitalist elements or taking pragmatic path has gone through reform and opening, system transition, and resulted in collapse of socialist system. However, this study is to bring attention to North Korea`s current socialist system sustained by the ``Three-Revolution Movement`` complementing the country`s inner limit of planned or closed economy and functioning as a pillar supporting the system.

Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

김인아(In Ah Kim),최일봉(Ihl Bhong Choi),강기문(Ki Mun Kang),장지영(Jie Young Jang),문한림(Han Lim Mun),송정섭(Jung Sub Song),이선희(Sun Hee Lee),곽문섭(Mun Sub Kuak),신경섭(Kyung Sub Shinn) 대한방사선종양학회 1997 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.15 No.1

목 적 : 국소진행된 III기 비소세포성 폐암에서 방사선감작제로서의 저용량 Cisplatin과 방사선 동시병합요법의 효과를 알아보고자하여, 관해율, 전체생존율, 무병생존율 및 치료에 따른 부작용을 방사선 단독치료군과 후향적으로 비교분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 4월부터 1994년 3월까지 32명의 III기 비소세포성 폐암환자(IIIa 12명, IIIb 20명)가 항암제 및 방사선동시병합요법을 받았다. 방사선치료는 3000cGy/ 10회를 2주간에 걸쳐 시행한 뒤 3주후에 2500cGy/ 10회를 추가하였으며, 방사선감작제로 cis platin 6mg/m2를 매일 방사선치료 전에 정맥주사하였다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월에서 48개월로 중간값은 24개월이었다. 방사선단독치료군 32명(IIIa 13명, IIIb 19명)은 매일 170- 200cGy씩 총 5580- 7000cGy (중간값 5960cGy) 치료받았으며, 추적관찰기간은 36개월에서 105개월로 중간값은 62개월이었다. 결 과 : cis platin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선 단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은완전반응률(18.8% vs . 5.6%)및 낮은 조사야내 재발율(25% vs . 47%)을 나타내었다. 2년 전체생존율은 Cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 17%, 방사선단독치료군이 9.4%로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다.국소재발 없는 2년 무병생존율(16.5% vs. 5.3%) 및 원격전이 없는 2년 무병생존율(17% vs. 4.6%)도 두군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Karnofsky performance scale 80 이상인 환자군만을 대상으로 분석한 결과, cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은 2년 전체생존율을 보였다(62.5% vs. 15.6%). 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자로 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군에 있어서는 performance status 및 조직학적 진단유형(상피세포암 vs. 비상피세포암)으로 나타났고, 방사선단독치료군에 있어서는 performance status 및 병기(IIIa vs. IIIb)로 나타났다. 치료에 따른 급성부작용으로 RTOG/ECOG grade 2 이상의 오심, 구토는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군 (22% vs. 6%)에 비해 유의하게 높은 빈도를 나타내었다. Gra de 2 이상의 혈액학적 독성은 Cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 빈도를 나타내었다(25% vs. 15.6%). 방사선단독치료군에 비해 cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서, RTOG/ECOG Grade 2 이상의 폐독성의 빈도(31% vs. 19%)나 WHO Grade 3 이상의 폐섬유화의 빈도(38% vs. 25%)의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. 방사선치료부위의 면적이 200cm2 이상이었던 경우, 두군 모두에서 폐독성 빈도의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 국소제어율을 나타내었으나, 전체생존율이나 무병생존율의 유의한 증가는 보이지 않았다. KPS 80이상인 환자군에 있어서는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독군에 비해 높은 전체생존율을 보였다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군에서 급성부작용이 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, 방사선에 의한 폐독성의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 1년 이내에 조기사망율이 높은 반면, 2년이상 장기생존율이 높은 경향을 보여, 이러한 환자군에 대한 장기적인 추적조사를 통해 생존율에 대한 본 치료의 영향을 좀더 명확하게 평가할 수 있을것으로 기대되며, 향후 치료효과를 증가시키기위해 large fraction size의 split course RT 대신 continuous course의 conventional RT 혹은 hyperfractionated RT와 Cisplatin의 동시병합요법 등이 고려되어야할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : This study was tried to evaluate the potential be nefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy (low dose daily cisplatin combined with split course radiation therapy) compared with conventional radiation thera py alone in stage III non- small cell lung cancer. The end points of analyses were responserate , overalls urvival, survival without locoregional failure , survival without distant metastasis , prognostic factors affecting survival and treatment related toxicities. Materials and Methods : Between April 1992 and March 1994, 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Radiation therapy for 2 weeks (300cGy given 10 times up to 3000cGy) followed by a 3 weeks rest period and then radiation therapy for 2 more weeks (250cGy given 10 times up to 2500cGy) was combined with 6mg/M2 of cisplatin. Follow-up period ranged from 13 months to 48 months with median of 24 months . Historical control group consisted of 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were received conventionally fractionated (daily 170- 200cGy) radiation therapy a lone. Total radiation dose ranged from 5580cGy to 7000cGy with median of 5940cGy. Follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 105 months with median of 62 months . Results : Complete reponse rate was higher in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) group than radiation therapy (RT) group (18.8% vs. 6.3%). CRT group showed lower in-field failure rate compared with RT group(25% vs. 47%). The overall survival rate had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group(17.5% vs. 9.4% at 2 years). The survival without locoregional failure (16.5% vs. 5.3% at 2 years) and survival without distant metastas is (17% vs. 4.6% at 2 years) also had no significant differences . In subgroup analyses for patients with good performance status (Karnofsky performance scale 80), CRT group showed significantly higher overall survival rate compared with RT group (62.5% vs. 15.6% at 2 years). The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were performance status and pathologic subtype (squamous cell cancer vs. nonsquamous cell cancer) in CRT group. In RT alone group, performance status and stage (IIIa vs IIIb) were identified as a prognostic factors . RTOG/EORTC grade 2-3 nausea and vomiting(22% vs. 6%) and bone marrow toxicities (25% vs. 15.6%) were significantly higher in CRT group compared with RT alone group. The incidence of RTOG/EORTC grade 3-4 pulmona ry toxicity had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group (16% vs. 6%). The incidence of WHO grade 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis also had no significant differences in both group(38% vs . 25%). In analyses for relationship of field size and pulmonary toxicity, the patients who treated with field size beyond 200cm2 had s ignificantly higher rates of pulmonary toxicities. Conclusion : The CRT group showed significantly higher local control rate than RT group. There were no significant differences of survival rate in between two groups. The subgroup of patients who had good performa nce status showed higher overall survival rate in CRT group than RT group. In spite of higher incidence of acute toxicities with concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the survival gain in subgroup of patients with good pe rformance status were encouraging. CRT group showed higher rate of early death within 1 year, higher 2 year survival rate compared with RT group. The refore, to evaluate the accurate effect on survival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, systematic follow-up for long term survivors are needed.

심장수술 시 농축적혈구, 자가수혈기 혈액, 체외 순환기 혈액에서의 유리 혈색소 농도 비교

송장호,구승우,백종화,정용보,이정순,최인철 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Intraoperative autotransfusion or residual blood in a cardiopulmonaty bypass (CPB) circuit has been used to reduce the need for an homologous blood transfutsion during cardiac surgery. However, it may contain some free hemoglobin released from damaged cells. The load of blood containing free hemoglobin may cause renal dysfunction. We measured the amount of free hemoglobin in backed blood, cell saver blood and CPB blood to evaluate what is the least hemolytic blood transfused in cardiac surgery. Methods: This study was performed in 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In each patient, the banked blood, intraoperative salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood were sampled at the end of the operation. The concentration of free hemoglobin, hemoglobin and platelet counts were measured in these blood samples and percent of hemolysis was calculated (%hemolysis = [free hemoglobin] / .free hemogloben + hemoglobin]) Results: In salvaged blood with a cell saver, CPB residual blood and banked blood, hemoglobin concentrations were 20.1 ± 2.7 g/dl, 8.0 ± 1.1 g/dl, and 22.2 ± 2.7 g/dl, respectively. Free hemoglobin concentrations were 336.6 ± 239.5 mg/dl, 49.2 ± 26.8 mg/dl, and 279.5 ± 167.5 mg/dl respectively. Platelet counts were 26.1 ± 22.2 × 10^3/mm^3, 116.8 ± 56.5 × 10^3/mm^3, and 94.9 ± 43.6 × 10^3/mm^3 respectively. % Hemolysis were 1.6 ± 1.1%, 0.6 ± 0.4%, and 1.2 ± 0.7% respectively. In the comparison between the salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood, free hemoglobin concentration, % hemolysis, and platelet counts had positive correlations (r = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6). Conclusions: In twenty cardiac surgeries, CPB residual blood had a lower free hemoglobin level than the other two blood groups. The platelet counts in CPB residual blood were higher than those in cell saver blood but did not differ from those in banked blood. Therefore, CPB residual blood was the least hemolytic blood among the three blood groups when a transfusion was performed in cardiac surgery. (Korean J Acesthesiol 2002; 43: 588~593)