문무왕릉비의 화관(火官)

정연식(Chung, Yeon-sik) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.44

문무왕릉비에는 신라인이 화관의 후손으로 묘사되어 있고, 김유신비에서는 금관국 출신의 김유신이 황제 헌원의 후예이며 소호 금천씨의 후손으로 신라 왕실과 같은 조상의 후손이라고 했다 한다. 두 비의 내용은 서로 연관되어 있다. 그 목적은 김유신가와 무열왕가를 하나로 통합하기 위한 것이었다. 화관은 화정 또는 축융이라고도 하는데 상고시대에 하늘의 대화성(大火星)에 제사를 지내고 불을 담당하는 관리였다. 그런데 그 화관의 임무를 전욱 고양씨의 후손이 담당했다. 그리고 화관 축융의 후손은 은과 춘추시대에 중국 형초(荊楚) 지역에 나국(羅國)을 건설했던 존재이다. 그런데 신라(新羅)는 글자대로 해석하면 ‘새로운 나국’이 되고, 따라서 신라는 화관의 후예가 세운 나라가 된다. 한편 가야의 금관국은 금관의 나라이다. 가락국은 철로 이름을 널리 알리게 되자 쇠를 다루었던 금관(金官)의 후예를 자처했던 듯하다. 금관 욕수(?收)의 임무는 소호 금천씨의 아들 해(該)가 담당했다. 결국 소호 금천씨 설화는 신라가 아니라 금관국의 것이었다. 신라의 화관은 전욱 고양씨의 후손이고, 가야의 금관은 소호 금천씨의 후손인데 전욱과 소호의 공동 조상이 바로 황제 헌원이다. 화관계 신라의 무열왕과 금관계 가야의 김유신은 황제를 연결고리로 해서 한 핏줄로 묶이게 되었다. 김유신비에서 ‘금(金)’과 아무런 연관이 없는, 사족과 같은 황제 헌원을 언급한 것은 이 때문이다. 그러나 이 내용은 대부분 사실과 거리가 먼 수사적 허구이다. 그러므로 두 가문이 하나로 합쳐져 고착되고 수사적 허구의 목적이 상실된 후로는 시간의 흐름과 함께 잊어져 갔다. The people of Silla was described as the descendants of Hwagwan(official of fire) on the tombstone of King Munmu(文武王), and Gim Yusin(金庾信) was described as the descendants of Shaohao Jintian(少昊 金天) and Huangdi Xuanyuan(黃帝 軒轅) on his tombstone. It says that the royal households of Silla and Gaya had common ancestor. Hwagwan was the official who took charge of fire management and the ritual for Antares(α Sco) in ancient China. Hed founded State Ra(羅國). The name of Silla(新羅) means new State Ra, so he could become the ancestor of the people of Silla. He was the son of Zuanxu Gaoyang(?頊 高陽). State Gaya(加耶), the fatherland of Gim Yusin had been called Geumgwan-gug(金官國) which means the state of official of metal. Geumgwan was the son of Shaohao Jintian. Silla was the state of Hwagwan and the Gaya was the state of Geumgwan. Hwagwan, the founder of the royal household of Silla was the son of Zuanxu and Geumgwan, the founder of the royal household of Gaya was the son of Shaohao. Zuanxu and Shaohao was the descendants of Hwangdi, so Hwangdi was the common ancestor of Silla and Gaya. Finally Hwangdi became the same ancestor of Gim Yusin and King Muyeol(武烈王) who was the father of King Munmu. The tombstone of King Munmu and Gim Yusin manifests the union of the blood of Gim Yusin and King Muyeol. But it was not the fact but the rhetorical fiction.

〈주생전〉을 읽는 즐거움

정규식(Chung, ku-sik) 한국어문학회 2016 語文學 Vol.0 No.131

The purpose of this study was to clarify how much it is delightful to read classics by focusing on lies found in 〈Jusaengjeong〉. For this purpose, this researcher offered a classics that may be interesting to scholars of classical literature. The researcher ultimately sought to build up a virtuous circle in which those scholars provide their interesting interpretations of classics to the public or learners who in turn recognize those classics are funny. Therefore, this study examined lies found in 〈Jusaengjeon〉 as a love romance of the 17th century in the light of human growth and development. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. Jusaeng’s lies are a diversion from the conventional order of love. Those lies suggest the fraction and destruction of exclusive relationships between a man and a woman who are main characters. They also may have presumedly been the very source of numerous lies related to love between men and women that are found in romances since 〈Jusaengjeon〉. These findings make clear that lies found in 〈Jusaengjeon〉 do not just function as a means of covering a love triangle, but they are like an inflection point which triggers certain changes in Korean novel history. This is where those lies provide the fun and delight of reading 〈Jusaengjeon〉.

q진 LCZ 수열군의 일반화된 확장 생성 방법

정정수(Jung-Soo Chung),김영식(Young-Sik Kim),장지웅(Ji-Woong Jang),노종선(Jong-Seon No),정하봉(Ha-Bong Chung) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.11C

[1]에서 LCZ 수열군의 2배 확장을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 [1]에서의 2배 확장방법을 일반화하는 새로운 확장방법을 제안한다. 이 생성방법을 사용하면 인수가 (N,M,L,ε)인 q진 LCZ 수열군은 인수가(pN,pM,p「(L+1)/p」-,pε)인 q진 LCZ 수열군이 된다. 이 때, p는 소수이고 p는 q의 약수다. 특히 L≡p-1modp 일 때, 확장된 q진 LCZ 수열군의 인수는 (pN,pM,L,pε)이 된다. In this paper, a new extending method of q-ary low correlation zone(LCZ) sequence sets is proposed, which is a generalization of binary LCZ sequence set by Kim, Jang, No, and Chung. Using this method, q-ary LCZ sequence set with parameters (N,M,L,ε) is extended as a q-ary LCZ sequence set with parameters (pN,pM,p「(L+1)/p」-1,pε), where p is prime and p|q.

만성 정신분열병 환자에서 지연성 운동장애와 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 연관성

심주철,반철식,성기수,이정구,정도운,정청,윤진상,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 정신과 전문병원에 입원해 있는 만성정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 첫째 지연성 운동장애의 유병율과 위험인자들을 조사하고, 둘째 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성을 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상자는 마산동서병원에 입원 중인 환자 중 DSM-IV의 정신분열별 진단기준에 부합하며, 최근 3개월 이상 동일 용량의 항정신병약물 복용한 271명(남자 174명, 여자 97명)의 환자들이었다. 지연성 운동장애에 대한 평가는 Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS)을 이용하였고, DSM-IV와 Sc-hooler와 Kane(1982)의 진단기준 양자에 부합하는 환자들만을 지연성 운동장애군으로 분류하였다, 정신 분열병 정신병리에 대한 평가는 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS)와 Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS)을 이용하였고, 인지기능에 대한 평가는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)을 이용하였다. 결과: 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.9%이었고, 50세 이상, 남자에서 높았다. 그러나 입원기간과 항정신병 약물의 일일 사용량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 지연성 운동장애의 호발부위는 혀, 상지, 입술과 입 주위의 순이었다. BPRS 총점 및 소항목 척도점수와 SDS 척도점수는 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. MMSE 총점 및 소항목 점수도 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론: 평균입원기간이 9년 이상인 만성정신분열병 환자들에게서의 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.5%이었고, 연령이 가장 의미있는 위험인자임을 확인했다. 만성정신분열병 환자들이 주 대상인 본 연구에서는 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성은 입증하지 못했다. Objectives: The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence rate of tardive dyskinesia and to search for its risk factors in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic subjects. We also examined the relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in the same subjects. Methods: Subjects were 271 in-patients(174 males, 97 females) at Masan Dongsuh Hospital. They met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and had been taking fixed doses of antipsychotics for at least 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Cases of tardive dyskinesia were ascertained by the criteria of Schooler and Kane (1982) and DSM-IV. The rating of psychopathology was acquired using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS) and the assessment of cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Results: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is 50.9% and the frequency of tardive dyskinesia was high est in male above the age of fifty. But there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of tardive dyskinesia and both the length of hospitalization and the daily dose of antipsychotics. The frequency order of abnormal movement in the patients with tardive dyskinesia was as follows : tongue, upper extremities, lips and perioral area. We couldn't find any significant difference in the total and subscale scores of BPRS between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. There were no differences in MMSE scores between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion: This study gave us that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was high in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic inpatients and that age was the most significant risk factor of tardive dyskinesia. The relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, however, was not revealed.

가토에 있어서 편측 요관 폐색시 환측, 반대측 요관에 대한 변화 : 조직학적 소견을 중심으로

설종구,김용웅,육승모,노안식,김홍식,김상현,이충식 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

This study was designed to clarify histological changes in the experimental rabbit ureter after unilateral prartial or complete ureteral obstruction. A total of 20 adult white rabbits were divided into 4 subgroups in the partial obstruction followed by 2 weeks, partial obstruction followed by 4 weeks, complete obstruction followed by 2 weeks, complete obstruction followed by 4 weeks. The normal control group consisted of 5 adult white rabbits. The H & E stain. light microscopy were used. Abnormal histological fingings were showed in ipsilateral ureter of all subgroups; dilatation of ureter, epithelial cell atrophy or loss, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial inflammation. These findings were most severe in the complete-obstructed ureter for 4 weeks. There were no significant changes in contralateral ureter of all subgroups. Despite of progressive histological changes in ipsilateral ureter no abnormal findings were showed in contralateral ureter. We suggest that long term experimental investigation for histological changes in ipsilateral ureter and compensatory changes in contralateral ureter should be done.

한국 재원 정신분열병환자의 사회경제적 특성에 관한 역학적 조사 : 일일 시정조사 Point Prevalence Study

정인원,김용식,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.1

1984년 2월 27일 현재 전국 정신과 병·의원의 입원환자를 대상으로 일일시정조사를 시행하였다. 자료분석 때까지 도착한 자료중 ICD-9의 진단기준에 의하여 정신질환의 범주에 속하는 2,895명을 1:1 쌍쌍대응법으로 분석하여 거주지별로 정신분열병군과 대조군간의 사회경제적 특성을 비교하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 정신분열병환자의 결혼상태는 두 지역 모두에서 독신이 많았고 odd ratio는 각각 5.33과 3.56이었다. 농ㆍ어촌의 정신분열병환자가 독신이 더 많았다. 2. 교육수준은 양 군에서 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 3. 직업은 도시의 정신분열병환자에서 무직이 많았고 odd ratio는 1.90이었다. 4. 경제수준은 도시의 정신분열병환자에서 낮은 층이 많았고 odd ratio는 1.65이었다. 5. 그외 가족구조와 종교, 부모의 결혼상태에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Aiming at suggestion the possible ways to improve psychiatric care, rehabilitation, and mental health services in Korea, this nation-wide hospital study was intended to explore the socioeconomical status of mental in-patients. This point prevalence study was conducted to patients who were in psychiatric wards at Feb. 27th. 1984 using mailing questionnaire. The number of hospitals and clinics answered was 88 and the patients, 3,300. Among them, we selected the 2,895 patients who were included in mental disorders (290-319) by ICD-9. Finally we compared the socioeconomical status between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia in rural and urban area with the method of Fleiss. The results were as follows; 1. The relative proportions of single persons in schizophrenia were higher in both areas, and their odds ratios were 5.33 and 3.56, respectively. There were more single schizophrenics in rural than urban. 2. In educational levels, there were no significant differences between schizophrenia and control. 3. In urban area, the jobless persons were more in schizophrenia than control, and its odd ratio was 1.90. 4. The urban schizophrenics were significantly lower than the urban control in economical levels, and its odd ratio was 1.65. 5. About family structure, religion, and marital status of parents, there were no significant differences between schizophrenia and control.

J. S. Bach 18 Kleine Praludien

鄭貞植 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1982 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider the musical content instructional value of J. S. Bach's Twelve Little Preludes (BWV 924-30, 939-942, 999) and Six Little Preludes (BWV 9330938). This study includes a consideration of J. S. Bach's life concentrating on his Cothen period, his teaching method on the clavier, and an analysis of the above mentioned 18 Little Preludes followed by a presentation of the analysis in tabulated form. In order to clarify the sources of the 18 Little Preludes, the musical content of his Clavier-Buchlein for Wilhelm Friedmann Bach has been investigated here also. As a result of this study, it becomes clear that J. S. Bach's Twelve Little Preludes and Six Little Preludes should serve as the best preliminary text for all beginners learning to play polyphonic music fir the first time.

건강한 한국성인에서의 유당분해효소 결핍증 빈도에 관한 방사선학적 고찰 : Diagnosis by Routine Upper Gastrointestinal Radiolography

이정식 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1979 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.2 No.1

The common disaccharides in our diet, lactose, sucrose and maltose, have to be split into monosaccharides by enzymes in the small intestinal epithelial cells. Clinically the most common disaccahridase deficiency encountered is that of lactase. Recently the radiographic method of diagnosing intestinal lactose deficient during consecutive routine upper gastrointestinal examination was assessed. In the present study, we report the results of a clinical study on the incidence of lactase deficiency in a group of healthy Korean adults. The sample group consisted of 50 males and 50 females with a range in age from 20 to 72 years. A total of 100 cases given a colloid barium(100ml) to with 25gm of lactose had been added. The 30 minutes lactose-barium study, evaluated as a screening test. Criterial previously described by Laws et al. were used for the radiographic evaluation. The features used in diagnosis were dilatation of the small bowel, apparent dilution of the barium-lactose mixture in the small intestine, and transit of the mixture to the colon on the 30 minutes film. All three features were required for a diagnosis of lactase deficiency. Of 100 cases, 39% showed all thress findings of lactase deficiency and 31% one or two abnormal findings. Thus, the total incidence of lactase deficiency, complete or partial, as revealed by barium-lactose screening test was 70%. This suggests that environmental factors may be important in the pathogenesis of lactase deficiency in Korean adults.

水泳 基本動作의 力學的 分析

姜忠植 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1971 과학교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

A man a lot of defect in swimming on account of a physical structure and a kind of habit. While a man is walking through the air, he receives the air resitance to some extent because of the little density of air; but on the other hand, owing to the fact that the density of water is higher than that of air, it is the most important thing to dwindle the water resistance in the direction of swimming. As the water is a resisting material giving the power for the motion of swimmer, he must put up the great resistance of water to the opposite direction of the swimmers forwarding direction. In order to become an expert, a beginner must know the method of an excellent technique and understand the knowledge on dynamical and elementary principles of techinque. And then, these principles are physical laws controlling over the physical activity in the water. I will show the important physical laws as follows; 1. The swimmer has to move in order to deep the larga area in the opposite direction of advancing as possible as. 2. By following the swimmers forwarding direction, moving are must be become small. 3. The motion of the swimmer's advancing direction is getting slow and the motion of opposite direction is getting fast. 4. The swimmer must utilize the momentum and the floating power to the utmost.

原發性 肝癌의 電算化斷層撮影 所見의 考察

李丁植 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1983 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.31 No.-

원발성간암의 원인에 대해서는 아직도 확실히 규명되지 않았지만 여러가지 인자가 관여하는 것으로 추정 되고 있다. 원발성간암의 임상은 매우 다양하기 때문에 종래의 각종 진단법으로는 진단하기 어려운 장기 였으나 전산화단층촬영과 같은 영상 의학의 고도 발달로 직접진단 할수있게 되었다. 특히 전산화단층촬영 검사 이후 영상의 분해기능이 고도로 발달되어 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있게 되어 간질환 및 각종 종양 진단은 획기적인 발전을 보여 보다 가장 정확하고 안전한 예검법으로 보편화 되어 있으므로 생명 연장을 위해서 간암의 조기 진단 및 근치적 치료에 매우 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. The advant of computerized tomography represents a great advance in the diagnosis of very wide variety of parenchymal disease of liver is more easily evaluated. An important method of detecting abnormal tissue involves the routine use of narrow window widths to enhance contrast resolution for each scan level. No specific patterns of CT images were recognized. Pre and post contrast scans were necessary because several tumors could only be detected on one or the other scan, 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of 2years old, from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1980, were examined by CT at London, The Middlesex Hospital. 1. There were 31 men and 5 women, ranging in age from 31 to 80 years, their average ages 56 years. 2. The sites of involved lobe were right lobe in 26 cases (72%), left lobe in 4 cases (11%) and both lobes in 6 cases (17%) 3. The size of hepatocellular carcinoma by CT measurement was larger than 4㎝ in diameter in 34 cases (94%) 4. A solitary low attenuation with inhomenous density in 26 cases (72%), and multiple low attenuation with nomogenous in 10 cases(28%). 5. In post contrast scans in 29 cases (84%) out of 36 cases showed the change of density after contrast infusion.