잠수장비와 수중환경에서 나타난 스쿠버 다이버들의 교육불이행

임현수(Lin, Hyun-Soo),강은석(Kang, Eun-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This study is to follow the studies, which were conducted in Moon island between July and October in 2010. The previous studies, which were conducted by Lim, Hyun-soo and Kang Eun-suk in 2010, studied the current status of education of divers by classifying it into five subjects such as diving science, diving equipment, diving safety, underwater environment, and diving activities through FGI of expert groups. Being aware of the lack of materials about the observation of non-fulfillment of education on diving equipment and underwater environment and interviews, we made visits to the spots where the previous studies were conducted between July 28 and August 2nd to newly add up materials on interviews and questionnaires and analysed the cause and problems of the educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment and underwater environment. The educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment resulted in inappropriate management of equipment and loss of equipment, immature assembly of equipment of equipment, the loss of waist belts, and diving knife"s inappropriate use. The educational non-fulfillment about underwater environment brought about the damage of underwater environment, panic by underwater environment, conflicts with fishing villages, and the problems of trash-littering and defecation.

일 대학 병원 마취 · 회복실 간호사의 간호활동 분석

강윤경,김경미,김연이,박혜옥,서광희,송숙녀,이현숙,조의영 대한간호행정학회 2006 간호행정학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed to specify roles of nurses from the anesthesia and recovery room by analyzing nursing activities as well as anesthesia nursing during surgery. Method: The objects were 12 RNs working in the recovery room of a university hospital located in Incheon. Self-report was performed by measuring stop-watch for five days from May 17th to May 21st in 2004. Research method was designed to record the time and frequency of the nursing activity from anesthesia and recovery room based on nurses' statement and other references for five days. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-test via SPSS Win 10.0 program. Result: Nursing activities in anesthesia recovery room were classified into two different characteristics such as direct and indirect nursing activity. The activities consisted of 11 direct nursing areas and 39 nursing activities in anesthesia preparation room. The indirect nursing was classified into 8 nursing areas and 32 nursing activities. The direct nursing was classified into 12 nursing areas and 55 nursing activity. Also, the indirect nursing was classified into 7 nursing areas and 21 nursing activities in recovery room. In terms of prevalence of nursing activities in the anesthesia preparation room, observation and cooperation of anesthesia was the most prevalent activity, drug and eqipment management the second prevalent, and drug administration the third. On the other hand, in the recovery room, the most prevalent activity was vital sign checking and observation, the second most prevalent activity informative activity, and the third body temperature control. Nursing activity time was recorded according to the nursing characteristics. In the anesthesia preparation room, the direct nursing spent for 8092.20 minutes was larger than the indirect nursing spent for 7198.50 minutes. Also, in the recovery room, the direct nursing spent for 2361.16 minutes was larger than the indirect nursing spent for 1134.13 minutes. 4. Nursing activity time was compared to duty shifts. In the anesthesia preparation room, the direct nursing was more prevalent on day shift and the indirect nursing was prevalent on evening shift. However, in the recovery room, both direct and indirect nursing activities were prevalent on day shift. Conclusion: The role of anesthesia and recovery room nurses was analysed according to the time, frequency, and its characteristics.

Flowable 및 microfill 복합레진으로 충전된 제 5급와동에서 load cycling 전,후의 미세변연누출 비교

강석호,김오영,오명환,조병훈,엄정문,권혁춘,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.2

Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (KempScholte and Davidson, 1988; Crim, 1989). Flowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfil had the least leakage (Rundle et al. 1997). Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 composite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling. Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group(group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15) : hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St.Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfil [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite[AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ system, MTS Systems Corp., Minn, USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p=0.05) Results: 1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups. (p<0.05) 2. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1. 3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences. 4. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2. 5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R>A=H=M>D>Z. But there was no significant differences. 6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree. 7. In dentin margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p<0.05)

탄수화물에서 syn-과 anti-2, 3-디히드록시 알데히드의 합성 : L-Factor와 Muricatacin의 합성

강석구,조현성,심형수 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

천연물합성에 있어서 합성중간체로서 유용한 광학활성의 O-보호된 syn-과 anti-2, 3-디히드록시 알데히드의 네 가지 입체이성질체들을 쉽게 구할 수 있는 D-글루코스나 D-크실로스에서 유도된 푸라노스를 변형시켜 합성하였다. 예컨대 불포화 퓨라노스계의 이중결합에 수소화붕소 첨가반응-산화반응에 의해 입체선택적으로 히드록시퓨라노스를 얻고 이를 O-베질화후 탈아세톤화, 산화성절단반응에 의해 (2S, 3S)-3-포르옥시-2-벤질옥시알칸알을 얻었으며 그 외 (2S, 3R)-, (2R, 3S)-, (2R, 3R)-디히드록시알칸알을 얻었다. 이러한 중간체들을 이용하여 L-factor와 muricatacin을 합성하였다. Four stereosiomers of optically active O-protected syn- and anti-2, 3-dihydroxy aldehydes, chiral synthons for natutal product synthesis, were synthesized from readily avilable D-glucose and E-Xylose. (2S, 3S)-3-Formylosy-2-benzylxoy alkanals were synthesized by stereoselective hydroboration of the unsaturated furanoses followed by O-benzylation, deprotection, and oxidative cleavage. (2S, 3R)-, (2R, 3S)-, and (2R, 3R)-Dihydroxy alkanals were also synthesized. Using these chiral synthons, (4R, 5S)-(-)- and (4S, 5S)-(+)-L-factors, the proposed autoregulators from Strpiomyces griseus and muricatacin, a biologically active constituent from the seeds of Annona muricata L. were synthesized.

태극권 수련이 중년여성의 심리적 행복감에 미치는 영향

강현숙,김백윤,박미진,신영호 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Taichichuan training on the variables of cognitive-affective states. The subjects of the study consisted of 22G middle aged women in Jeonju areas. The survey methods of this research are the 5 Likert Scale modified the Cognitive Affective States Scale by Yang. Myung-Hwan(1998). The used statistical methods for the data analysis were M. SD. Paired sample T-Test. The results obtained by the appropriate analytic processes were followed. 1. In hedonic enjoyment, Taichichuan training women were lower than non-activity women. 2. In feeling of flow, Taichichuan training women were higher than non-activity women. 3. In self-realization, Taichichuan training women were higher than non-activity women. 4. In self-confidence, Taichichuan training women were higher than non-activity women.

災害 發生時 避難 危險度 算定 기준에 관한 硏究

姜良錫,金賢珠 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Urban disasters such as earthquake or explosion cause fire and collapses, and the residents of the affected region happen to evacuate. The factors that influence the effectiveness of evacuation include the population as well as the street conditions and the surrounding physical environments of the region. While the size of the population, either residing or commuting, is basically determined by the region's land-uses, the street condition is dependent on its width, traffic volume, and the fixed or movable obstacles installed. The surrounding environments are a comprehensive consequence of the land-use planning and the general development patterns that dominate the uses, materials, structures, sizes, and densities of the buildings. Above three are in essence the primary factors that determine the effectiveness of evacuation in case of urban disasters. This study suggests the methods to evaluate the riskiness of evacuation in terms of these three factors. The riskiness thus measured could provide fundamental data to determine the priority of investments on urban facilities and to formulate the planning guidelines for rearrangement and maintenance of such facilities.

사범대학 영어 강의에 대한 학생들의 인식 및 만족도 조사

강순희,서혁,신상근,이종원,이현주,최진영 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2007 교과교육학연구 Vol.11 No.2

이 연구는 교사교육의 국제화를 지향하는 사범대학 특성화 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 조사 차원에서 2007학년도 1학기에 146명의 사범대학 학생들을 대상으로 전공 영어 강의에 대한 인식과 만족도 등에 대해 설문조사의 방법으로 이루어졌다. 학생들의 영어 능력에 대한 자기 평가 결과, 대부분의 학생들이 자신의 영어 능력이 영어 강의 수강에 부족하고, 영어 강의에 대한 심리적 부담이 크다는 반응을 나타냈다. 또 영어 강의가 한국어 강의에 비해 전공 지식을 쌓는 데 도움이 되었다는 반응은 이공계를 중심으로 한 기존의 연구 결과보다 상대적으로 낮게 나타나는데, 이는 사범대학 영어 강의의 운영과 관련하여 좀 더 다양하고도 효과적인 방안이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. 영어 강의 수강 시 어려움을 묻는 질문에서 과제 발표하기, 질문하기, 보고서 작성하기의 순으로 어려움을 호소하고 있는데, 이 역시 영어 강의를 위해서는 전반적인 영어 표현 및 이해 능력 향상 이 전제되어야 하며 무엇보다도 말하기, 듣기의 구어 능력 신장이 우선되어야 함을 재확인해 준다. 영어 강의 개선안에 대한 의견으로는 평가 방법의 다양성 및 융통성 확대, 영어 강의 수강을 돕는 전공 교재의 개발, 영어 강의 내에서의 교수-학생 상호 작용 증대, 국제교류의 기회 확대 등의 순으로 높은 반응을 보였다. 이는 향후 사범대학 영어 강의와 관련한 프로그램 개발에 시사하는 바가 크다. 즉, 영어 강의 평가를 결과 중심의 평가뿐만 아니라 과정평가와 수행평가에 초점을 두고, 영어 표현이 어려운 복잡한 사고 과정이 요구되는 경우 제한적으로 국문 반응을 허용하는 방안도 고려할 만하다. 또한 학습자들에게 좀 더 상세화된 강의 교재를 제공하고, 온·오프라인을 모두 활용하여 교수와 학생의 상호작용을 활성화할 수 있는 방안을 적극적으로 탐색할 필요가 있다. 아울러 학생들이 실질적인 국제교류가 가능하도록 다양한 교류 방안 함께 구체적인 강좌 개설도 요구된다.

구리촉매를 이용한 유기주석화합물 및 유기붕소화합물과 다가 요오드 화합물과의 Cross-Coupling과 Carbonylative Cross-Coupling에 관한 연구

강석구,야마구치토쿠타로,김태현,호필수 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.47 No.2

The copper-catalyzed cross-coupling and carbonylative cross-coupling of organostannanes(aryl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, allylstannanes) and anoboranes(aryl-, alkenylboranes)with hypervalent aryl- and alkenyliodonium tetrafluoroborates were achieved at mild conditions.

항원의 말단 아미노산이 T 임파구 자극에 미치는 영향의 분석

강현석,장용석 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

Immune responsiveness has been known to be determined by the type of individual's major histocompatibiiity complex (MHC). For example, H-2k or H-2a haplotype-bearing mice are high-responders to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) antigen, while H-2b or H-2d haplotype-bearing mice are low- or non-responders to HEL. When HEL is injected to the high-responder C3H (H-2k) mice, most of the T lymphocytes recognize the HEL 46-61 epitope region. However, HEL 46-61 specific T lymphocytes are hardly detected in HEL injected low-responder C57BL/6 (H-2') mice. Previously, as an initial step to understand the mechanisms involved in unresponsiveness of HEL low-responder mice to an HEL 46-61 epitope, the antigen recognition pattern of an HEL 46-61 region specific T hybridoma clone originated from C57BL/6 mice was analyzed. The minimal epitope region recognized by the T hybridoma clone was HEL 51-60 and shifted one amino acid from that of high-responder C3H mice. In addition, the arginine at position 61 has an inhibitory effect for T hybridoma cell stimulation by. inhibiting the binding of the epitope peptide with MHC class-II molecules mainly due to the large size of the side chain of the amino acid. In this study, we found that the same characteristics of the arginine are essential for stimulation of C3H T hybridoma clone, 3A9. In order to confirm the influence of arginine on T cell stimulation in T lymphocyte population of HEL high- and low-responder mice, we performed the lymph node cell proliferation assay after HEL injection. In low-responder C57BL/6 mice, the presence of arginine exerts the similar influence on T cell stimulation as shown in T hybridoma cell stimulation experiment. Interestingly however, patterns of lymph node cell proliferation assay in HEL high-responder C3H mice are somewhat different from those of T hybridoma cell stimulation experiment. For example, all the peptides containing the substitutions at position 61 with various amino acids is able to stimulate the T lymphocytes efficiently, although the peptide containing tryptophan at position 61 is the most efficient for T lymphocyte stimulation. Based on these results, possible mechanisms involved in low-responsiveness of C57BL/6 mice to an HEL 46-61 epitope region is discussed.

肉製品에 관한 衛生學的 硏究(第2報) : Changes of Nitrite and VBN (voltatile basic nitrogen) Contents and Bacterial Count in Pork Sausage Stored of Various Temperatures Pork Sausage의 保存溫度에 따른 亞硝酸合量, VBN 및 生菌數의 變化

姜鎬祚,韓錫絃 건국대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The nitrite content, VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) and bacterial count in pork sausage stored at various temperatures were examined for the evaluation hygienic condition of meat products. 1.Nitrite content of pork sausage was decreased from 3.1ppm to 2.2ppm in 25 days at 7℃, from 3.1ppm to 0.8ppm in 5 days at 25℃, and from 3.1ppm to 0.4ppm in 5 days at 36℃, respectively. 2.Nitrite content of pork sausage in which potassium nitrite was added was, however, increased from 3.1ppm to the maximum amounts of 15.2ppm, 118.3ppm and 97.6ppm when kept for 35 days at 7℃, 30 clays at 25℃ and 26 days at 36℃, respectively. 3.Content of VNB of pork sausage with potassium nitrate was increased from 11mg% to 40mg% after the storage for both 35 days at 7℃, 5 days at 25℃ and 5 days at 36℃. The bacterial counts of the pork sausage of 7˚, 25˚ and 36℃ groups were increased from 103 to 104,109 anti 109, respectively.