서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

‘진정성’이라는 거울에 비추어진 박인환

김혜진(Kim, Hye-Jin) 한국근대문학회 2013 한국근대문학연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 박인환에 대한 부정적 평가사가 어떠한 방식으로 형성되었는가에 대한 의문으로부터 시작한다. 박인환을 바라보는 관점이나 평가의 기준은 물론 연구사가 축적되어 오는 과정에서 다양한 방식으로 변화하여 오기는 했지만, 한편에는 여전히 그에 대한 부정적인 평가 및 발언이 유령처럼 자리하고 있기도 하다. 많은 연구자들이 인식하고 있듯 이와 관련된 김수영의 발언은 적지 않은 영향력을 행사하고 있다. 김수영의 문학사적 영향력이나 이후 그에 관한 연구사의 축적을 감안한다 하더라도 이점은 다소간 의문을 불러일으킨다. 김수영 발언의 중심에 있으면서도 명징하게 제시되지는 않는 어떤 것에 대하여 연구자들이나 독자들 모두 암묵적으로 동조하거나 감염되어 있었던 것은 아닐까. 이를 따지는 작업을 박인환에 대한 부정적 평가사의 내적 논리를 밝히기 위한 첫 번째 작업으로 삼고 김수영의 산문들을 먼저 살핀다. 특정한 시점에서 어떤 대상을 평하는 발언은, 대상 자체의 특성뿐 아니라 대상을 바라보는 발화자의 개인적·사회적 조건들과 밀접하다는 점을 고려하여 보면, 김수영이 박인환을 평하는 지점들이 1960년대 김수영 자신의 정신사적 문제와 더욱 밀접히 관련되는 것이라는 점이 드러난다. 그 과정에서 김수영의 발언들이 ‘진정성’의 원리와 부합하는 지점들을 따지고, 이 진정성이 ‘비판’의 형식으로써 드러난다는 점을 밝힌다. 비판의 수사학을 그 필연적인 도구로 사용할 수밖에 없는 구조를 지닌 진정성의 원리에서는, 사실 박인환은 물론 그 누구의 작품도 그 그물망을 빠져나가기는 어려울 것이다. 또한 대상은 물론 평가자 자신의 ‘참된 자아’를 근거로 하는 이 원리는 그 실정적인 준거항목들이 텅 비어 있기에 하나의 ‘관점’으로 자리매김하는 것도 어렵다. 그렇기에 이 글에서는 박인환의 시가 어떠한 ‘자리’에서 발화되며, 그 양상은 어떠한가를 물음으로써, 자아의 진정성이 아닌, 주체의 진실성의 영역으로 시선을 옮겨오고자 하였다. 박인환에 대한 부정적 평가사의 내적 논리를 묻고, 그것을 토대 삼아 새로운 관점을 제기함으로써, 박인환을 바라보는 방법 자체에 대해 생각해 볼 수 있는 기회를 마련하고자 한다. This study begins with the doubts surrounding the history of negative appraisals about Park In-Hwan. As many scholars of literature recognize, the most influential remark about Park is based on the prose by Kim Soo-Young. But are there special elements in Kim’s view making literary circles sympathize with him regardless of his influence stemmed from literary talent of him? Illuminating this question is the first phase to reveal the inner logic of negative appraisals about Park and Kim’s proses are studied for this work. In that process, the point on which Kim’s comments accord with the principle of ‘authenticity’ is pondered and it is considered that this authenticity is revealed as a form of ‘criticism.’ In the principle of authenticity, accompanying criticism as its inevitable form, no one’s work as well as Park’s could avoid this mesh of criticism. And this principle based upon ‘true self’ of evaluator, in addition to object of evaluation, can’t function as a ‘point of view’ because there are positive articles of criteria missing. So this study’s aim is to look at the area of veracity of subject, not of the authenticity of self, by inquiring where Park’s poems are articulated and how the aspects of them are. This study could give an opportunity to contemplate the way of regarding Park, by grasping the inner logic of history of negative appraisal about him and raising a new point of view on the basis of that.

김수영의 문학적 좌표로서의 해방직후

김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ) 한국언어문화학회 2011 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.44

The purpose of this article is to approach Kim Soo-young`s poetry and essays in 1960s as a new view beyond the fixed point that lots of studies have decided for the last several years. Most of the studies have concentrated on the historical event 4?19 revolution with Kim`s writing, but those universalized perspectives could not resolve some problems : First, Kim who had reacted to sensitively the incident remarked that writers defected to North Korea even if the situation that people exclaimed ``freedom`` and ``democracy`` at the revolution. The next, the blame toward literary friends interacted just after Liberation age at the 1960s. These problems seem to be insignificant at first sight, but just is the most internal core of Kim`s statements that appeared abruptly. The two problems above mentioned turn up in Kim`s literature as figures of poets Park In-hwan and Im Hwa. What the novel 〈A Volunteer Army〉 represents, Im Hwa is the ``revolutionist`` used to frequently be expressed"leftist poet", and he is the object of identification with Kim at the same time a ``gaze`` made a guilty conscience by failure to the identification with Kim who could not participated in revolution just after Liberation. Cause of the blame is also the guilty conscience that Im`s gaze aroused. His observational gaze that live phantom is a function as self-reflection not only about the revolution just after Liberation, but also the react to the following the Liberation(following the revolution). This reflection by failure of the revolution and ``following revolution`` is called at the ``following revolution`` 4?19 in 1960s. Kim constantly tried to identify himself living 1960s simultaneously following Liberation. And the symptom that revealed by that highly appraising writers defected to North Korea ``conscientious`` himself, and denouncing literary friends including the Park who confused ideologically and could react to anything still remain South like himself. Kim`s problematical remarks in 1960s was a symptom revealed in relation to revolution just after Liberation. His poetry and essays direct that he is constantly aware of Liberation age as the literary coordinate and the historical reference point, not only written rely on the affected passion by the 4?19 revolution.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

유세포분석법으로 조사한 Orientia tsutsugamushi Boryong주의 항균제 감수성

김은실,김미경,이혜명,정문현,이진수,박재은,강재승 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.4

Background : Scrub typhus, an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is endemic in Korea. With the introduction of tetracycline and chloramphenicol in clinical practice, the mortality due to scrub typhus has markedly decreased, In 1995, scrub typhus poorly responsive to doxycycline was reported in Thailand; the need for safe antibiotics for the treatment of scrub typhus acquired during pregnancy or for children is emerging; also, broader spectrum antibiotics having anti-Orientia activity may be preferred for empirical therapy of enteric fever syndrome and for complicated scrub typhus. The anti-Orientia activities of various antibiotics, including recently licensed antibiotics, were investigated by flow cytometry. Materials and Methods : O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong was inoculated into the ECV304 cell line. The infected cells were stained with FS15, a monoclonal antibody reacting against a linear epitope on 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of 0. tsutsugamushi. Then the antimicrobial susceptibilities were measured by flow cytometry and expressed as a growth index (total mass of Orientia). A concentration at which no further decrease in growth index occurred was defined as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Microbial susceptibilities to the following antibiotics were measured: quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, metronidazole, linezolid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, azithromycin, and rifampin. Results : Considering the usual serum concentrations of rifampin (M1C=0.025-0.05 ug/mL), azithromycin (M1C=0.05-0.5 ug/mL) and doxycycline (MIC=0.05-0.1 ug/mL), these antibiotics exhibited very low MICs. Synercid (MIC=0.2-1.0 ug/mL), clindamycin (MIC=1.0 ug/mL) and chloramphenicol (MIC=1-2 ug/mL) exhibited moderately low MICs; moxifloxacin (MIC=8 ug/mL), ciprofloxacin (M1C=25.6 ug/mL or more) and levofloxacin (M1C=30 ug/mL) exhibited relatively high MICs; and cefotaxime (MIC>50 ug/mL), metronidazole (MIC>30 ug/mL) and linezolid (>30 ug/mL) exhibited high MICs. Conclusions : Among the new antibiotics, none was superior to doxycycline, azithromycin or rifampin with respect to anti-Orientia activity. Synercid, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin may show moderate therapeutic efficacies in human.

초등학교 고학년 학생의 구강보건에 관한 인식 및 행동

김영경,문혁수,정재연,한수진,이병진,김은경,정혜련 韓國學校保健學會 2001 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data for the development of effective oral health education program in elementary school. The subjects in this study were 604 fourth-year, fifth-year and sixth-year students of an elementary school in Seoul. Oral health awareness and behaviors were surveyed and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The most common time for toothbrushing was after dinner(62.0%) and before bedtime(62.3%). By school year, the largest number who brushed their teeth after dinner were fourth and fifth graders while the greatest number who did so after breakfast were sixth graders Seventy-four percent of respondents brushed the teeth twice or more a day. By school year, the fifth-year students brushed their teeth the least while girls outperformed the boys in daily toothbrushing frequency(p<0.05). Regarding the intake of cariogenic food, 62.1% took that kind of food once or more a day. By school year, the fifth graders took the most (p<0.05), and girls took more cariogenic food than the boys(p<0.05). 2. Ninety percent of the respondents had visited a dental clinic. By grade, the sixth-year students had visited a dental clinic more frequently and girls more frequently than boys. Eighty percent of the respondents visited a dental clinic to receive treatment but just 12.3% visited a dental clinic to prevent oral diseases. Concerning the fetor of dental treatment only 14.4% expressed fear. School year made no difference, yet the percentage of girls who experienced fear was higher than that of boys(P<0.05). Regarding preventive treatment, 39.7% experienced pit and fissure sealing and 24.2% experienced the application of fluorides. All the students hadn't much experience in preventive treatment regardless of school year -- gender didn't make a difference. 3. Fourty-six percent of respondents had a preference for the fluoride mouth rinsing program; 38.4% wanted that grogram to continue. As to the reason for preference, 38.2% preferred it because of the prevention of dental caries, 43.0%, the largest percentage, didn't favor it because they found it too much trouble to do(some of the respondents gave two different answers). 4. Despite an increase in the frequency of toothbrushing at the right time, they still took cariogenic food frequently Their visit to a dental clinics also aimed at treatment more than at prevention, and they had very narrow experience of preventive treatment. Furthermore, the fluoride mouth rinsing program failed to draw their interest. Therefore, it is recommended that a successful real health education program should be developed.

낙동강 하구의 환경요인과 미생물의 상호관계에 관한 연구

김원진,이혜주 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.2

The influences of estuary barrage on the changes of physiocochemical environmental factors and distribution of microorganisms were investigated 23 times from Sep. 1997 to Aug. 1998 at three sites of Naktong river estuary. Inorganic nutrients were higher in Site I (freshwater, upper side of estuary barrage) rather than in Site Ⅱ and Ⅲ(seawater, under side of estuary barrage). The spatial distribution of three inorganic nitrogen compounds at Site Ⅰwas high because of domestic sewage and agricultural water, and the seasonal distribution was high in winter. This may be due to the expended residence time of water in estuary by the construction of the barrage. The distribution of microorganism was also higher in Site I than in other sites spatially. There were significant correlations between environmental factors and distribution of bacteria according to multiple correlation analysis. Especially, bacteria were positively correlated with concentration of inorganic nutrients and precipitation. Factor analysis with 16 parameters led to extraction of 4 factors that accounted for 58% of the ecosystem variation of Naktong River Estuary. The factors were identified in the following order ; 1) the effect of Naktong river estuary barrage, 2) phytoplankton, 3) characteristics of season, especially summertime, 4 input of soil and fecal contamination.

DENAR교합기 사용시 INTEROCCLUSAL RECORD의 정확도에 관한 연구

김덕송,진태호,조혜원 圓光大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the accuracy and availability of the interocclusal recording materials for Denar articulator and compare with the accuracy of the Pantronics. 15dental students in Wonkwang University were paticipated in this study and interocclusal recording materials used in this study were Wax(Modelling wax, Dentrey, England), Corpl wax(Surgident, Columbus Dental, U.S.A.), Impression compound(Pericompound, G-C, Japan)and Impression plaster(Xanthano, Bayer, Germany). The immediate side shift and protrusive condylar guidance were measured from Denar articulator(MarkⅡ,Denar Corp.) and Pantronic(Denar Corp.) The obtained results were as follows: 1. The mean values of left and right immediate side shift were some higher with Impression plaster and Wax, but there were no statistical difference. 2. The mean value of protrusive condylar guidance was higher with Impression compound, but there was no statistical difference. 3. All interocclusal recording materials used in this study were available for interocclusal record.

교육연극을 위한 극본 자료 개발

김재수,최도순,정경미,백혜경,조은주,김선진 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

When teachers are in need of the script of a play during school hours, Teachers could make a drama out of an interesting story. And by doing learning activities that students are also able to replace an interesting story with a drama, Students are able to understand create an original story. For this purposes, this study explains the methods that teachers make a story. And we make a drama out of a story which is korean language textbook for the seventh curriculum (one∼for grade). And we have teachers to use it lesson.

삼중시기 나선형 CT를 이용한 간경변증 환자에서의 결절성 간세포암의 조영증강양상

김영화,윤종필,김형환,이상진,이혜경,김일영,장유진 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

We evaluated the contrast enhancement pattern of nodular hepatocelluar carcinoma in liver cirrhosis patients by using three phase spiral CT. We anlayzed 34 nodular hepatocelluar carcinonmas in 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. Three phase spiral CT were obtained at 30(arterial phase), 60(portal phase), 180seconds(delayed phase) after initiation of contrast injection in the rate of 3ml/sec. Nodules are classified according to size, as group A(below 1cm, n=11), group B(1 - 3cm, n=15), group C(above 3cm, n=8). Enhancement pattern of the nodule was analyzed comparing to normal liver parenchyme in each phase., as total high, central high, peripheral high, iso, low, mixed density. We also analyzed the detection rate of the nodules. As a whole the nodules show high density in arterial phase(76%), high density in portal phase(47%) and low density in delayed phase(56%). In group A, the nodules show high(100%) in arterial phase, iso(54%) or high (46%) in portal phase, iso(82%) in delayed phase. In group B, the nodules show high(100%) in arterial phase, high(74%) in portal phase, mixed (60%) in delayed phase. In group C, the nodules show mixed density in all three phase. The most common enhancement pattern in each group was high(arterial phase) - iso(portal phase) - low (delayed phase) in group A(6/11, 54%), high - high - low in group B (5/15, 33%), mixed - mixed - mixed in group C(5/8, 63%). The detection rate of the nodule was highest in arterial phase, and the usefulness of arterial phase comparing to portal or delayed phase was higher in smaller size. In conclusion, hepatocelluar carcinomas show different enhancement pattern according to the size on three phase spiral CT, and this may be helpful in diagnosis of them.