Prediction of the Duration to Next Admission for an Acute Affective Episode in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder

Pao-Huan Chen(Pao-Huan Chen),Chun-Ming Shih(Chun-Ming Shih),Chi-Kang Chang(Chi-Kang Chang),Chia-Pei Lin(Chia-Pei Lin),Yung-Han Chang(Yung-Han Chang),Hsin-Chien Lee(Hsin-Chien Lee),El-Wui Loh(El-Wui Lo 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2

Objective: Predicting disease relapse and early intervention could reduce symptom severity. We attempted to identify potential indicators that predict the duration to next admission for an acute affective episode in patients with bipolar I disorder. Methods: We mathematically defined the duration to next psychiatric admission and performed single-variate regressions using historical data of 101 patients with bipolar I disorder to screen for potential variables for further multivariate regressions. Results: Age of onset, total psychiatric admissions, length of lithium use, and carbamazepine use during the psychiatric hospitalization contributed to the next psychiatric admission duration positively. The all-in-one found that hyperlipidemia during the psychiatric hospitalization demonstrated a negative contribution to the duration to next psychiatric admission; the last duration to psychiatric admission, lithium and carbamazepine uses during the psychiatric hospitalization, and heart rate on the discharge day positively contributed to the duration to next admission. Conclusion: We identified essential variables that may predict the duration of bipolar I patients’ next psychiatric admission. The correlation of a faster heartbeat and a normal lipid profile in delaying the next onset highlights the importance of managing these parameters when treating bipolar I disorder.

First-Principles Study of the Influence of Zirconium on the Diffusion of Uranium Defects in Uranium Dioxide

Huan Wang,Yu Zou,Zhong Zhang,Kai-Yuan Wang,Huan An,Chang-Yong Zhan,Jun Wang,Jian-Chun Wu 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.74 No.8

The migration properties of uranium vacancies and interstitials in zirconium-doped uranium dioxide are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and the climbing-image nudge elastic band (CI-NEB) method. The strong correlations among uranium $5f$ electrons were described by using a spherically averaged Hubbard parameter. In the model, the zirconium atoms are introduced by replacing the uranium atoms at the nearest and the next nearest neighbor sites along the diffusion path of uranium defects. The doping with zirconium obviously reduces the migration barriers for defects in uranium dioxide. The effect of doping with zirconium on the diffusion of uranium defects decreases with increasing distance between the zirconium dopant and the uranium defects. Further, we investigated the lattice distortion and the electron transfer associated with the migration of uranium defects, and we analyzed the physical origin of the reduction in the migration barriers caused by zirconium doping.

現代漢語“有VP”的三個特殊句式

CHEN HUAN CHANG 중국어문학회 2022 中國語文學誌 Vol.- No.78

This study analyzed three special phrases of ‘有VP’ in modern Chinese. These are ‘有VP’, which forms sentences independently, ‘有VP’ for habitual meaning, and ‘有VP’ to express anti-actual assumptions. First, in the answer to the question, all the subject and VP components in front of the ‘有VP’ structure can be deleted, and only ‘有’ can form a sentence independently. This means that ‘有’ still retains the practical meaning of ‘being' to some extent and is not grammatically used as a aspect mark. Second, ‘有VP’ generally expresses an event that has already occurred in the past, but it can also indicate habitual behavior, so it also functions as a habitual marker. Considering that it is usually an auxiliary verb, an adverb, or an end-of-sentence investigation that indicates habit in Chinese, the possibility that ‘有’ is an auxiliary verb. Third, ‘有VP’ can refer to the anti-realistic assumption, which is an upward additive anti-factual thought, with a kind of ‘regret’, It can represent the function of the modality. Therefore, the property of ‘有’ is highly likely to be a multifunctional word formed by adding various grammatical functions while still retaining the meaning of the ‘being’. 本文主要对“有VP”的三个特殊句式“独立成句的‘有VP’,表达惯常义的‘有VP’以及表达反事实假设的‘有VP‘进行了分析。首先,在应答句中,‘有VP’句式前面的主语成分,以及VP成分都可以删除,只保留“有”独立成句。从这点可以看出现代汉语里“有”还某种程度保留着实际语义,还不能看成是一个体标记。第二,从‘有VP’除了能够表示一次性的已然事件以外,还能够表达惯常义,从“有”的出现位置来看,存在着“助动词”和“副词”两种可能。第三,‘有VP‘可以表示反事实假设,当‘有VP’用于假设句中,‘有VP’是一种上行式的,加法式的反事实思维,表达了话者的情感,这些情感可能是“遗憾”、“惋惜”、“不满”、甚至“责备”,这是一种情态体现。通过这些,本文推断“有VP”中“有”的性质有可能是表示存在意义的助动词,但是该助动词汉语里的“着”,“了”,”过”单纯表示语义意义的助动词不同。“有”是“有”在保留“存在”本义的同时,增加了一些语法功能,从而成为了多功能词。将“有”看成表达体意义功能词,或者看成“体标记”的主张,从现阶段来看,还值得商榷。

現代漢語應答語“知道了”硏究

CHEN HUAN CHANG 한국중국언어문화연구회 2021 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.61

本文分析了现代汉语应答语“知道了”的话语功能。在使用“知道了”应答时,需考虑话者与听者之间的关系。它适用于长辈对晚辈,上司对下属,偶尔也适用于平辈之间的应答,但不适用于下属对上司,晚辈对长辈的应答。另外,它既可表示一种单纯的应答功能,也可表示“听者已经充分了解事实,无需话者进行过多说明”的含义,同时也还具有话语终结功能。说话人对对方所谈论的话题,不想做过多的讨论,强制性终结话题,或者转换话题。而韩语的“알겠습니다”和“알았어요”也同样表达了多种话语功能。汉语的“知道了”和韩语的“알겠습니다”两者之间并非对应关系。韩国语的“알겠습니다”表达的是一种尊重的态度,会按照对方的要求或者指示去行动的恭敬表达方式。韩语的“알았어요”的意思更接近于汉语的“知道了”,两者都具有终结话语功能。因此,韩国学生在学习汉语时,应避免将“알겠습니다”对应成“知道了”,以免造成语言上的误会而有失礼仪。

한국거주 중국유학생의 문화적응 스트레스와 체중변화에 관한 연구

두환 ( Huan Du ),판아샤 ( Asha Pant ),자오쉬 ( Xu Zhao ),유정순 ( Jeong Sun Yu ),장경자 ( Kyung Ja Chang ) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회 춘-추계학술대회지 Vol.2008 No.2

閩 방언에서의 ‘了’의 실현 初探

CHEN HUAN CHANG,고영란 중국문화연구학회 2019 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.43

This study discusses various forms corresponding to ‘le(了)’ in the Min(閩) dialect through the method of literature investigation. In the Mindong(閩東), Minnan(閩南), Puxian(莆仙), Minbei(閩北) and Minzhong(閩中) dialects that belong to the broader Min(閩) dialect, the meaning of ‘le(了)’ is expressed by various forms. They all share a commonality, the Perfect Aspect or the Sentence-Final Particle. However, differences appear in terms of the position and function within a sentence. In addition, they are similar to ‘le(了)’ in modern Chinese as well as other distinct differences. For instance, the object of the transitive verb is placed in front of the verb in the Mindong(閩東) and Puxian(莆仙) dialects and it must accompany the modal particle after the ‘掉’ and ‘了’ in the Minbei(閩北) dialect. These are distinct characteristics from ‘le(了)’ in modern Chinese. It is hoped that the results of this discussion on several markers corresponding to ‘le(了)’ of modern Chinese will help provide greater understanding of the typical development path of the Aspect Marker in terms of grammaticalization. 본 연구는 민방언에서 현대중국어 ‘了’의 의미가 다양한 형식으로 실현되고 있다는 점에 주목하였다. 민동(閩東), 민남(閩南), 보선(閩仙), 민북(閩北), 민중(閩中) 방언이 민방언으로 묶이는데, 이들 방언에서의 ‘了’의 의미 실현은 형식적으로 다양할 뿐만 아니라 쓰임에 있어서도 상당히 독특하고 복잡한 특징을 보인다. 또한, 현대중국어와 비교해보더라도 현저히 구별되는 점들이 많이 관찰된다. 현대중국어와 차이가 크다고 보고되고 있는 민방언에서의 실현/완성 및 변화를 표현하는 표지의 형식적인 차이, 또 그것들이 쓰이는 구조와 기능을 이해함으로써 방언의 어법 연구의 중요성이 증대되기를 바란다.

The Determinants of South Korea’s Trade Balance: A Cointegrating Regression Approach

Ting-Huan Chang,Jun-De Lee,Yi-Hsien Wang 한국무역학회 2012 Journal of Korea trade Vol.16 No.3

This paper examines the key determinants of South Korea’s trade balance using three fully efficient cointegrating regression methods. We find that the trade balance, foreign income, money supply, real effective exchange rate, and domestic income are cointegrated. Consistent with the Marshall-Lerner condition, appreciation in the real effective exchange rate is negatively related to the trade balance. Our results have important implications for using exchange rate policy as a device to achieve trade balance.

Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

Chi Huan Chang,Po Yun Teng,Tzu Tai Lee,Bi Yu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.11

Objective: This study assessed the effects of probiotics on cecal microbiota, gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and immune response in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were randomly allocated to four treatments: negative control (Cont), multi-strain probiotic-treated group (Pro), Salmonella-infected group (Sal), and multi-strain probiotic-treated and Salmonella-infected group (ProSal). All chickens except those in the Cont and Pro groups were gavaged with 1×108 cfu/mL of S. enterica subsp. enterica 4 days after hatching. Results: Our results indicated that body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of birds were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by Salmonella challenge. Chickens challenged with Salmonella decreased cecal microbial diversity. Chickens in the Sal group exhibited abundant Proteobacteria than those in the Cont, Pro, and ProSal groups. Salmonella infection downregulated gene expression of Occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), and Mucin 2 in the jejunum and Occludin and Claudin in the ileum. Moreover, the Sal group increased gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITAF) and reduced levels of transforming growth factor-β4 and IL-10 compared with the other groups (p<0.05). However, chickens receiving probiotic diets increased Lactobacillaceae abundance and reduced Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the ceca. Moreover, supplementation with probiotics increased the mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO1, and Mucin 2 in the ileum (p<0.05). In addition, probiotic supplementation downregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γ (p<0.05) and LITAF (p = 0.075) and upregulated IL-10 (p = 0.084) expression in the cecal tonsil. Conclusion: The administration of multi-strain probiotics modulated intestinal microbiota, gene expression of tight junction proteins, and immunomodulatory activity in broiler chickens.

普通話新興“有VP”結構的形成機制

CHEN HUAN CHANG 중국어문학회 2023 中國語文學誌 Vol.- No.82

This study is mainly based on Heine & Kuteva(2005) and Wu Fuxiang’s(2013) theory of grammatical duplication in grammatical evolution caused by contact. Analyze the formation mechanism. Through the analysis, it can be known that the grammatical function of ‘有’ in the structure of ‘有VP’ in Mandarin is formed by the language contact between Mandarin and southeastern dialects such as Fujian and Cantonese. Although Putonghua has a solid status as the common language of the Han nationality, the Fujian and Guangdong regions, with the reform and opening up, are in an economically advantageous position. The economic base determines the superstructure, and the usage of ‘有’ in the Fujian-Cantonese dialect area before the predicate is extremely high. On the basis of the language with Mandarin, it shows a strong expansion. The grammatical function of ‘有’ in the emerging grammatical structure ‘有VP’ in Mandarin is not the result of reanalysis and analogy within Mandarin, but the evolution caused by language contact. It does not borrow grammar, but copies the grammatical function of ‘有’ in Minyue and other dialects, and adds new functions on the basis of the original grammatical function of ‘有’ in Mandarin. However, judging from the current usage situation, the ‘有’ in Mandarin only partially copied the grammatical functions of Minyue and other dialects. Not copied into Mandarin. Therefore, we should look at the new expression ‘有VP‘ in Mandarin with a developmental perspective and not blindly deny it. As for whether the ‘有’ of in Mandarin will replicate this kind of grammatical function in the future, it remains to be tested by time.

The competing role of shear and extension-induced first normal stress differences within a mixed flow for a viscoelastic fluid

Tseng Huan-Chang 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.4

Interested in the previous work of Walters et al. (Korea Aust Rheol J 21:225–233, 2009) regarding the competing roles of extensional viscosity and normal stress differences in complex flows of elastic liquids, rheological studies rarely discuss the relationship between the shear and extension-induced first normal stress differences (N1S and N1E) within a mixed flow for a viscoelastic fluid. One, therefore, derives N1S and N1E related to Weissenberg’s number and Trouton’s ratio. The classic White–Metzner viscoelastic constitutive equation coupled with the recent GNF-X (Generalized Newtonian Fluid eXtended) weighted shear/extension viscosity has the potential to show the typical vortex growth in entry flow simulations. Based on the improved White–Metzner model, demonstrating the opposite effect of N1S and N1E with respect to strain rates is evident. N1S mainly dominates the shell layer near the wall boundary at high strain rates, whereas N1E controls the center core at low strain rates. In contraction flow simulations, the predicted slit-die velocity profile is in good agreement with experimental data. It is significant to conclude that N1E hinders flow and N1S facilitates flow. In addition, a comparison of extensional-thickening and extensional-thinning viscosity curves for the velocity profile is discussed herein.