EXPERIMENTS ON THE INTERACTION OF WATER SPRAYS WITH POOL FIRES

Han,Yong-Shik,Kim,Myung-Bae,Shin,Hyun-Dong 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

A series of measurements and visualization to investigate the interaction of water sprays with pool fires is presented. Fire source is a small-scale pool burner with methanol, ethanol and gasoline. Measurements of temperatures, <TEX>$O_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>, and CO concentrations along the plume centerline are carried out to observe pool fire structures without water sprays. Visualization by the Ar-ion laser sheet shows flow pattern of droplets of the sprays above the pool fires. It is observed that in the case of methanol and ethanol, water sprays continuously penetrate into the center of fuel surfaces. The gasoline pool fire allows intermittent penetration of water sprays because of pulsating characteristics of the gasoline flame. To evaluate the cooling effect of the fuel surface by the sprays, the temperature was measured at the fuel surface. As soon as the mists reach the fuel surface of methanol and ethanol, the temperatures of the fuel surface decrease rapidly below the boiling point, and then the fires are extinguished. Due to the application of mist upon the gasoline fire, though the fuel temperature decrease abruptly at the time of the injection, such a rapid decrease do not continue till the extinction point.

Competition Responses of Populus alba Clone ‘Bolleana’ to red:far-red light

Bae,Han-hong,Kang,Ho-duck,Richard B,Hall 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The reduced ratio of red:far-red (R:FR) light acts as a measure of the proximity of competitors and plants can detect the potentially competing neighbor plants by perceiving reflected R:FR signals and initiate the response of “shade avoidance” before actual shading occurs. The phytochrome system is responsible for monitoring the changes in the R:FR and initiating the shade avoidance response. The response to low R:FR ratio was studied in a white aspen Populus alba clone ‘Bolleana’ using two filter systems: a clear plastic filter system that allows a R:FR ratio less than 1.0 to pass from adjacent border plant reflection; and a special commercial plastic that blocks FR light and creates a R:FR ratio above 3.0. The reduced R:FR signals enhanced the stem elongation in response to competition at the expense of relative stem diameter growth. Trees grown inside clear chambers were 27 % taller than trees grown inside the FR-blocking filter chambers. Stem taper of clear chamber trees was 16% less than the FR-blocking filter trees. Low R:FR also induced 22% more stem dry weight and 13% greater petiole length per leaf compared to the FR-blocking filter trees. There were no statistically significant differences in leaf area, leaf number increment, and total dry weight between the two light filter treatments.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of PHBV/Collagen (PHCP) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Skin Inflammation

Jin-Yi Han3*, Xu Zi Guang, Jyung-Sik Kwak, Ki-Wan Oh, Han-Ik Bae 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

The anti-inflammatory effect of PHBV/Collagen (PHCP) was examined in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced skin inflammation. Vascular permeability on the back skin was measured by the local accumulation of Evan’s blue dye after subcutaneous injection of LPS (30 μg site-1). Dye leakage in the skin showed a significant increase at 2 h after injection of LPS. This LPS-induced dye leakage was also completely inhibited by HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP, and antioxidants, including methyl gallate, trolox, and mannitol. To study the possible mechanisms underlying the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PHCP against LPS-induced inflammation, we also examined the effects of PHCP on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels in skin tissues and found that pretreatment with PHCP resulted in inhibited MDA elevation and a remarkable reduction of glutathione level. In addition, similar results were obtained after pretreatment with antioxidants, including trolox and mannitol, and HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP. Histopathologically, an influx of neutrophils into the skin dermis was detected between 24 h and 72 h after LPS injection (30, 100 μg site-1), compared to control animals after injection of saline. This increase was greater in mice treated with 100 μg of LPS than in those treated with 30 μg of LPS and was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with PHCP, antioxidants, and HO-1 inhibitor. These results collectively suggest that PHCP has an anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-induced inflammation model in vivo and may be a good candidate for the skin tissue engineering biomedical application primarily through manipulation of the redox state.

택견과 태권도의 역사적 연관성 탐색

김명배(Kim, Myoung-Bae),한창효(Han, Chang-Hyo) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This study explored the correlation between Taekkyon and Taekwondo. This study is summarized as the contents based on the interviews of study participants and the analysis of literatures as follows: First, the investigation of the interviews and the transitions of literatures revealed that Taekkyon is not the matrix of Taewondo. They are different in principles. Second, Taekkyon and Taekwondo have a lot of similar motions. Their major motion is kicking, which has resemblance to each other. However, Taekwondo does not have the throwing technique which can be found in Taekkyon. Nonetheless, the whole body movement of Taekkyon and Taekwondo are alike. Third, the beginning of Taekkyon was from Song, Duk-Ki, and it was established by Shin, Han-Seung. The first generation of Taekwondo learned Taekkyon from Song, Deok-Ki in the late 1950s. And, the name of Taekwondo was derived from Taekkyon. A lot of Taekkyon leaders who are leading current Taekkyon have had the experience of learning Taekwondo for several yeats in the past. In this sense, it is estimated that the circle of Taekwondo might have approached Taekkyon strategically to secure the history what we call ‘tradition’ in view of the circumstances of times and environmental structure. Fourth, study participants seek to maintain the mutually complementary relationship between Taekkyon and Taekwondo which have been developed in the separate ways. Taekkyon in the past tended to go together with Taekwondo through the multiple channels. Now, Taewondo should accept Taekkyon as needs of the times. If so, it is the right time for Taekwondo to accept Taekkyon in any way. That is, it is a time to make official, technical, and organizational exchange. Taekkyon is seen to be prepared to go together with Taekwondo. It is a time that Taekwondo Associations, which are institutionalized such as Korea Taekwondo Association, Kukkiwon, WTF, and Taekwondowon, should give their genuine answer.

한강 하류의 남조류 및 환경요인의 연간 (2000 ${\sim}$ 2003) 변화에 대하여

서미연,김백호,배경석,한명수,Suh, Mi-Yeon,Kim, Baik-Ho,Bae, Kyung-Seok,Han, Myung-Soo 한국하천호수학회 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.2

한강 중하류의 남조류 및 환경요인의 연간변화 (2000 ${\sim}$ 2003)를 파악하기 위하여, 2000년 4월부터 2003년 10월까지 4년간 성수대교에서 성산대교까지 총 5개 지점을 선정하여, 수계의 기초환경요인 및 식물플랑크톤 현존량 변화를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안, 남조류의 현존량은 점차적으로 감소하여 장기간 강우가 가장 많았던 2003년에는 거의 관찰되지 않았으며, 총 식물플랑크톤 현존량에 대한 남조류의 기여도는 약 10%범위내였다. 이러한 현상은 매년 강우집중기 동안 팔당댐으로부터 많은 방류수가 유입됨으로서 수온감소는 물론 광량감소, 영양염류 희석 등에 의한 남조류의 성장이 제한된 것으로판단되며, 동일시기에 다른 조류 (녹조, 규조 등)의 높은 성장으로 엽록소 a와 식물플랑크톤 현존량이 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 따라서 한강 하류의 고온기 동안 남조류 성장은 잦은 강우와 방류에 의해 제한을 받지만 규조나 녹조와 같은 다른 조류들의 높은 성장으로 대치되는 천이현상을 보였으며, 기후영향을 크게 받는 전형적인 하천생태계의 특성을 나타냈다. For 4 years (2000 ${\sim}$ 2003), annual fluctuations of standing crops of cyanobacteria and physicochemical factors were examined at five sites from Bridge of Seungsoo to Bridge of Seungsan in the lower part of Han River. The cyanobacterial abundance (ND to 4,167 cells $mL^{-1}$) was strongly decreased during the heavy rains in every year. During the similar periods in 2003, cyanobacteria hardly observed, and comprised below of 10 percentage of total phytoplankton. In the period of little cyanobacteria, some green algae and diatom dominated the phytoplankton community, while the concentration of chlorophyll a has not largely change. These results indicate that heavy frequent precipitation strongly limited the growth of cyanobacteria, and lead an algal succession by the appearance of new algal groups.

지방의원 선거와 주체적 시민의식

배한동 慶北大學校 師範大學 1991 敎育硏究誌 Vol.33 No.-

The self-governing system is resurrected which had been dropped by 5. 16 coup d'etat. According to the current local autonomy law, local assemblymen should be selected by the June. But the election has engendered much anxiety from the start. For instance, there are the illegal corrupted election actions, rising local ill feeling, waste of the budget, and overheated political rhetoric. Some intellectuals say, this election may have the role to strengthen the present false political structure. Nevertheless, the local assembly election should be held as soon as possible. A democratic process is more important than its effect. Without self-government is the requisite method for democracy ; an election is the first phase for it. For this meaning, the election should be held fairly. The local assembly should never be "the Chamber of Commerce" or consist of the nouveau riche and never be a service office for the ruling party. The local assembly should be filled with all kinds of faithful capable persons. To carry out this significant project, the more important thing is the electorate's awakened democratic consciousness. It is said that the level of politicians in one country is in proportion to the level of their countrymen's consciousness. Our country's political uneasiness is responsible for the countrymen's mistrust of politicians. During the past days, there have been felt the electorate's lack of consciousness and state of anomie. Citizen's independent and democratic consciousness can overcome a political overheated state and even indifferences. The success of this election can be possible by the electorate's awakened consciousness, the government's will and the candidates' self-restraint. Without democratic conciousness, the electoral revolution cannot be achieved. We should encourage this awakened democratic consciousness for the rebirth of democracy.

부산시의 SO_2와 NO_2의 농도 변화 특성에 관한 연구

한영옥,배혜진 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 科學敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.-

The characteristic of SO_2 and NO_2 concentration changes - the change of annual mean, the change of monthly mean, the daily change, the episode days of SO_2 and NO_2 concentration higher than 0.04ppm, the characteristic of the episode day and the meteorological condition of the episode day - were studied by using the data measured at air-quality-continuous-monitoring - stations from January 1995 through March 1998, in Pusan, Korea. The annual mean of SO_2 concentration is on the decrease, the monthly mean is maximum in Novemver∼February. And it is peak in A.M. 7∼10 during a day. The annual mean of NO_2 concentration is gradually increased till 1996, after then it is on the decrease. The monthly mean is maximum in October∼December but exceptionally in May∼June. And it is peak in P.M. 7∼10 during a day. The frequency of SO_2 episode day is annually decreasing. The frequency of episode day is the highest at Gamjeondong. Daily mean temperature(5∼10℃), humidity(45∼60%), low cloud amount and low wind speed were meteological parameters accompanying the episode days. The frequency of NO_2 episode day is the highest at Gamjeondong, in December and lowest in August. Humidity(40∼70%), low cloud amount and low wind speed were meteological parameters accompanying the episode days.

開化思想考

裵翰權 釜山敎育大學 1972 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

The thought of enlightenment in the early-modern Korean History occurred to restore many vicious conditions the shock from the World Powers' invasion of China and the aftermath, the candid Japanese invasion taking passage in this confusion, and the domestic crises such as the land concentration to the minority, the financial stringency, the corrupt government officials, the exhaustion of the peasantry, a succession of serious riots, etc. This was, in short, a plan for making the nation wealthy and strong. In the political fields, the government turned from the absolute monarchy into the civilized monarchy or constitutional monarchy, and in the economic fields, the mercantile system developed to the industrialism. Formally it was something of the fact that the Locke's thought in 17 century, the thought of enlightenment in 18 century, and the Bentham's utilitarianism were combined with the Confucianism. Practically it was the thought that they were willing to abolish the feudalistic system, going with the international tendency, and to grow the power of the public. But the situation lacked the many necessary conditions for the modernization such as overthrowing the Mins' Administration and the governing class 'yang-ban' and the organization and growth of the peasantry. Therefore, they could not help falling bach upon the external power. On the result, it came to, as they were, 'Reformation without the public' or 'Independence without nation.' Here-by Korea was bound to step forward onto the passage of semi-feudalism and colonization. Thus the thought of enlightenment was the thought that it was toward the modernijation and the nationalization which went with the destiny of the modern history of East Asia.

美國淸敎徒思想이 韓國改新敎와 近代敎育에 미친 影響

裵漢極 대구교육대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper intends to define the influence of Amercian Puritanism on the Protestant church and modern education in Korea during 1984-1910. In 1882, Korea opened for the first time the door to American people in history. Two years later since Korea and U.S. Amity treaty was signed. Amercian missionaries came to Korea to open their Protestant mission here as a residential missionary in 1884. They pioneered Korean Protestant church through indirect missions, such as medical educational activities. Because they were not permitted to preach the gospel by the law and treaty between two countries, it was natural that their missionary works were merely centered on such activities. A year later since they arrived in Korea, they opened the mission schools and medical clinics, and in less than ten years they also opend the first modern girls school, medical school, and seminary of theology besides education for the handicapped. They ran a total of 568 schools and colleges till 1910. Their contribution to the modern history and culture in Korea is highly historians or educational ones. There have been many good studies by the domestic or tradition, such as Presbyterian and Methodist churches are inherited from the seventeenth century New England Puritanism. The largest church in Korea is the Presbyterian church included in Puritanism along with the Congregationalist and Baptist. Although Methodist church was excluded in the category of Puritanism, it had the same pattern as the Congregationalist and Presbyterian church in settling America. So we cannot understand Protestant church and their contributions and achievements in Korea without understanding American Puritan thought and tradition. As their educational thought was based on the vcovenant theology, the purpose of their education was religious and unearthly. But the Korean one was secular and pragmatic. Even though they were different by nature, both esteemed relatively learning, knowledge, and education. So they were matched in the form of "the elective affinity" which was not found in other countries, such as Japan and China where American missionary had worked earlier than in Korea. This reason was resulted from the cicumstance of nationalism in each country. Between nationalism and Protestantism in Korea tere were no confilicts as in Japan. However, they cobtributed to more pious protestant church and especially to the development of mdern education such as secondary, higher education, women education, medical education, social education, and special education for the handicapped. They education many national leaders and heroes and heroines in the course of the modernization in Korea.

肝吸蟲에 대한 Albendazole의 殺蟲效果에 관한 實驗的 硏究

裵平元,金洙鎭,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.3

Newly developed albendazole(zentel®) is a broad spectrum anthelmintic which high activity against intestinal nematodas as well as trematodes and cesstodes infections. The present study was undertaken to evaluato in vitro and in vivo activities of albendazoles against adult worms of clonorchis sinensis. The morphological change of C. sinensis obtained from experimentally infected rats treated with various dosages of albendazole were studied by means of scaning and transmission electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. The adult worms of C. sinensis were incubated in the medium containing albendazole with various concentrations. By 24 hours after incubation, none of the worms were dead in concentrations of 0.01μg/ml of albendazole. 2. In order to evaluate the effect of albendazole in vivo, experimentally infected rats with 50 metacencariae of C. sinensis each were treated orally with various dosages of albendazole. In the result, anthelmintic effect was confirmed at the dosage of albendazole with 2×25㎎/㎏×2 days (total amounts 100㎎/㎏). 3. Macrocopital examination was to the clonorchis worms which were collected from the bile ducts of the rats autopsied at 24 hours after treatment with albendazole. The lack of intestinal contents was observed in most of worms from the groups treated with 1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or 4 days, and the elongation of the anterior portion of the worm body was also observed n the worms from the groups treated with 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or 4 days. 4. In the scanning electron microscopic observation, many blebs were fromed on the surface of the damaged tegument of the worms at 24 huors after treatment with albendazole(1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or days). 5. The transmissions electron microscopic observation indicated that degeneration of mitochonriae and destruction of tegumental syncytium of the worms at 24 hours after treatment with albendazole(1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25㎎/㎏ or 4 days). Inaddition to the findings the degeneration of the intestinal lamellae in the caeca was also observed in the worms from the groups treated with same dosages of albendazole.