연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Yang Ho Park,Jang Uk Kim,Dong Hwi Kim,Yeon Kyu Sonn,Jin Ha Yun,Huhn Pal Moon,Soo Yeon Cho 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers’ fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5∼3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0∼10.0 ha and in large scales of 30∼700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100∼130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0∼5.2, soil EC was 0.93∼3.78 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, organic matter was 37∼35 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, nitrate nitrogen 63∼490 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, available P2O5 55∼163 mg kg-1, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30∼0.98, Ca was 6.5∼14.0, Mg was 1.1∼5.3 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10∼11 t of compost, 200∼400 kg ha<SUP>-</SUP>1 of complex fertilizer and 750 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Park, Yang Ho,Kim, Jang Uk,Kim, Dong Hwi,Sonn, Yeon Kyu,Yun, Jin Ha,Moon, Huhn Pal,Cho, Soo Yeon 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

파라핀족과 올레핀족 탄화수소 화합물의 폭발상한계의 추산

하동명,이수경 社)韓國火災 ·消防學會 1996 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2

An estimation methodology, based on statistics and numerical method, has been developed for estimating the upper explosive limits(UEL) of paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbon compounds. With proposed method, the UEL has been calculated for 24 paraffinic and 10 olefinic hydrocarbon compounds. The estimated the UEL agree with the experimental values within a few percent. A comparisons with four other methods avaiable in the literature are also presented. It is hoped eventually that this method will permit estimation of the UEL with improved accuracy and broader application for other compounds.

주파수 대역별 PN부호화 연산을 통한 이미지 워터마킹

하진일,박수형,주동현,염동훈,김두영 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2002 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.10 No.1

Recently develpoing of the internet technology and spreading of the variable digital media are caused the problems. They are to protect the copy and to preserve the copyright. It is that the resolution is digital watermark. This paper is research about digital watermark that is to strengthend by PN encoding after Wavelet transform.

소방공무원의 직무스트레스와 사회심리적 건강

하재혁,김동일,서병성,김원술,유승호,김수근 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

목적: 우리나라 소방공무원의 직무스트레스 및 사회심리적 스트레스 수준을 평가하고, 사회심리적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년도에 서울, 부산, 경남지역의 소방공무원을 대상으로 일반적·직업적 특성과 직무스트레스 요인 및 사회심리적 스트레스에 대한 설문조사를 하였고, 1,712명의 남성 소방공무원을 분석대상으로 하였다. 직무스트레스 요인의 측정은 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구(KOSS)를, 사회심리적 스트레스는 사회·심리적 건강측정도구(PWI)를 이용하였다. 사회심리적 스트레스는 점수에 따라 고위험군과 저위험군으로 이분하며 카이제곱 검정을 통해 단변량 분석을 한 후, 혼란변수를 보정한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 혼란변수를 보정한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구로 측정된 직무스트레스 요인 중 그 수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 사회심리적 스트레스의 고위험군에 속할 비차비는 보상부적절이 2.90배(CI=2.18-3.85), 직장문화가 1.92배(95%CI=1.47-2.51), 직무요구도가 1.72배(95% CI=1.32-2.23), 직무불안정이 1.53배(95% CM=1.17-2.01), 관계 갈등이 1.53배(95% CI=1.16-2.01), 물리환경이 1.45배(95% CI=1.11-1.89), 조직 체계가 1.38배 (95% CI=1.04-1.85)로 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 소방공무원에서 사회심리적 스트레스는 주로 직무스트레스 요인에 의해 부정적 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 소방공무원의 정신건강을 위해 직무스트레스에 대한 관리가 중요하치 고려되어야 할 것이다. Objectives: This study was performed to assess the level of job and psychosocial stresses in Korean firefighters, and to evaluate the determinants of psychosocial stress. Methods: The study subjects comprised 1,712 male firefighters working in Seoul, Busan, and Kyungnam in 2006. We collected information about demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behaviors, Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), and psychosocial Well-being Index (PWI) through self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analyses were done by using the x^(2)-test and logistic regression model. Results: The multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the proportion of high-risk psychosocial stress is significantly higher in the groups with high job slress level in 'lack of rewards' (0R=2.90, 95% CI=2.18-3.85), 'occupational climate' (0R=1.92, 95% CI= 1.47-2.51), 'job demand' (0R=1.72, 95% CI= 1.32-2.23), 'job insecurity' (0R=1.53, 95% CI=1.17-2.01), 'interpersonal conflict' (0R=1.53, 95% CI=1.16-2.01), 'physical environment' (0R=1.45, 95% CI=1.11-1.89), and 'organizational injustice'(0R=1.38, 95% CI=1.04-1.85). Conclusions: Psychosocial stress might be adversely influenced by job stressors for the most part. Firefighters need job stress management to minimize their psychological problems.

한글 처리를 위한 UNIX 인터페이스 설계

河秀澈,朴淳東 大田大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.9 No.2

The best advantages of UNIX are the portability and the compatibility between machines, because UNIX has opened its structure. As UNIX has been porting on different kinds of machines and developed by many makers so its compatibility faces up to the troubles. "Portability Guide" for UNIX standardization is suggested by POSIX(Portable Operation System Interface) and X/Open. Therefore it is necessary that UNIX Interface for Processing Hangul is standardized. This paper deals with Hangul interface design in UNIX environment. Main idea of the design consists of Hangul I/O module and user's environment acccording to the international standardization principles. In Hangul I/O module, Hangul module and the algorithm of Hangul terminal driver are suggested using STREAMS I/O subsystem. User's environment is divided into message, locale and Hangul I/O.

락탐화합물의 고리 확장 연구 : 입체 선택성과 Mechanism에 관한 연구 Study of Stereoselectivity and Mechanism

하진렬,최경민,김지아,원태진,신동수,이민주,안철진 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2002 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The ring expansion chemistry is one of the most important methods to prepare five-and six-membered heterocylic compounds. We have studied about γ-lactam ring expansion with stereoselectivity from β-lactam derivative. To do this chemistry, proton of N-benzyl group in β-lactam derivatives is eliminated by LDA and make carbanion.This anion make unstable 4-membered lactam intermediate, and then the ring is opened by homo clevage or hetero cleavage for releasing ring strain, followed by recyclization to one carbon to make γ-lactam ring with stereoselectivity in β-, γ- positions.

β-Lactam 유도체의 N(1)-C(4) 위치에 한 개의 탄소를 도입한 입체 선택적 고리확장에 관한 연구

하진렬,오선주,김지아,신동수,안철진 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The base induced ring opening of β -1actam derivatives with LDA gave γ-lactam derivatives stereoselectively. The γ -1actam derivatives were formed stereoselectively depending on β-3 substituent of B-lactam derivatives.

저농도 전리방사선 폭로 근로자의 적혈구표면 항원 Glycophorin A에서의 변이발현율

하미나,김동현,조수헌 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Objectives : GPA assay for in vivo somatic cell mutation in humans has been used as indicators of high dose exposure to ionizing radiation and excess cancer risk. But in case of low-dose ionizing radiation exposure, there are few evidences of excess cancer risk by epidemiologic study. We applied this assay to low-dose exposed workers. Methods : The MN heterozygote blood samples of 13 radiation exposed workers in hospital and 11 office worker as control were included for GPA assay. The informations about demographic and confounding factors were obtained through questionnaire. We used modified BR6 version for GPA assay and counted the number of variants lacking expression of M(NO) or duplicating expression of N(NN) among four million red blood cells with flow cytometer. Results : The mean 5 years cumulative exposure dose of hospital workers were 252.36 mrem(range 23.0-564.0). The mean variants frequencies of NO were 3.29(range 0-8.3)×10^-6 in control and 5.50(range 0-32.3)×10^-6 in exposed. There were no exposure dose-variants response relationships in exposed group. There were significant for repeat analysis in 3 samples(r=-0.99 in NO). Conclusion : The low dose ionizing radiation exposed workers showed higher variant frequencies of NO than control group but was not statistically significant.