Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

Consumer Recognition Survey for Establishing the Reasonable Expiration Dates of Health Functional Foods

( Soo Jin Youn ),( Joo Youn Park ),( Hee Su Kim ),( Eun Jin Kang ),( Kil Jin Kang1 ),( Hye Kyung Park ),( Gun Hee Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2009 Food Quality and Culture Vol.3 No.2

This study investigated consumers` recognition on shelf life of health functional foods to set up their rational expiration date. For this study 107 male and female adults aged 20 to 59 years were randomly selected as major consumers of health functional foods. And their data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. The questionnaire included questions asking a consumer`s recognition on the shelf life of health functional foods and how to treat health function food passing its shelf life. In this study, the consumers were found to pay attentions considerably to the shelf life. But most of them did not know an accurate meaning of the shelf life of health functional food and mistook it for expiry date. In addition, the consumers doubted safety of health functional foods passing the shelf life. Therefore, education for consumers about an accurate meaning of the shelf life was needed. The results of this study were considered to be helpful to set up a reasonable expiration date for health functional food.

식민지기 관북 출신 시인들의 방언 의식과 시적 언어의 향방

강은진(Kang, Eun-Jin) 한국시학회 2016 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.45

1930년대의 표준어 담론은 국어학계를 중심으로 한 어문운동으로 전개되었고, 어문운동의 실천적 방편으로 문학작품 창작의 표준어 사용 문제가 부각되었다. 삼천리가 1940년 총 4회에 걸쳐 게재한 ‘향토문화 좌담회’는 이러한 배경에서 등장했다. 이 좌담회의 관북지역 편에서는 김기림, 김광섭, 이용악 등 시인들 대부분이 공통적으로 미학적 열등함과 소통의 장애 때문에 이를 시에 사용하는 것을 몹시 꺼리고 있음이 드러난다. 그런데 방언과 관련한 이 세 시인의 시적 언어는 각기 다른 방향으로 전개된다. 모더니티를 ‘문명의 아들’로 간주했던 김기림에게 방언은 지역의 언어이자 과거의 언어였다. 따라서 그는 방언을 극복하고 외래어, 신조어, 관념어 등을 시적 언어로 채용함으로써 신문명의 상징으로서의 언어적 모더니티를 구현하고자 했던 것이다. 그러나 그의 시에는 방언을 민족의 언어이자 강한 활력을 지닌 언어로 인식하는 복합적 태도도 분명히 존재한다. 김광섭은 매우 철저하게 방언과 지방색을 탈각하고 세련된 서울말로 시를 창작했다. 그는 ‘지방’이라는 단어를 그의 정신에서 지워냈고, 시의 언어에서도 지역성과 방언을 거의 완벽에 가깝도록 소거해버렸다. 이러한 강박적 시작업에는 서구 상징주의를 흠모했던 그의 문학적 편력도 크게 작용했다. 그의 시의 언어는 고립된 달팽이가 은으로 된 실을 짜내듯 고결하고 신비로운 작업으로 그려진다. 반면 이용악은 북방 정서를 서울말을 근간으로 시에 담아냈다. ‘중앙’과 ‘지방’이라는 지역 표상은 ‘표준어’와 ‘방언’이라는 언어 표상으로 확대되고, 여기에 계급적 성격이 부가되면서 방언은 슬픔의 언어가 된다.『전라도 가시내』는 삶의 중앙에서 밀려난 ‘지방’ 사람들의 고난과 슬픔이 녹아 있는 시이다. 북간도에서 만난 함경도 사내와 전라도 가시내는 삶의 주변부의 언어로 서로를 위로한다. 이 때 매개가 되는 것이 바로 방언이다. 이용악은 사용층의 감성을 뜨겁게 감싸는 방언의 정서적 기능에 깊이 고무되어 있었던 것이다. The issue of standard language in the 1930s arose from a literary movement that developed around the Korean linguistics. Then, the standard language of literature emerged as a practical means of this literary movement. A series of ‘Roundtable Discussion on Folk Culture’ that Samchully posted four times appeared in this context. This discussion is divided whole Korea into Kwan-Soe, Ki-Ho, Yong-Nam, Yong-Dong, Kwan-Buk. It showed awareness of the local native dialect writers. Especially poets in the area of Kwan-Buk such as Kim, Ki-Rim, Kim Kwang-Seoup, Lee, Yong -Ak most commonly reveals that it is very reluctant to use dialects in their poem. It was because of aesthetic inferiority and communication disorders. In connection with the dialect, the poetic language of each of these three poets are deployed in a different direction. To Kim, Ki-Rim Modernity was considered to be a “son of civilizations”, so dialect was the language of the past and local. Therefore he used a foreign words, neologism, such as conceptual words sought to implement a symbol of poetic language as a linguistic modernity of the new civilization. Kim, Kwang-Seop wrote a poem words to eliminate dialect and locality thoroughly. His literary tastes adore the Western symbolism had a huge impact on this work. He portrayed language of poetry as virtuous and beautiful feature. It seemed like an isolated snail weaved beautiful silver strings. On the other hand Lee, Yong-Ak wrote a poem containing the Northern sentiment in standard language. Hometown was the alienated ‘country’ from the center and local people including himself were ‘rural people’ to wander here and there. Regional representation of ‘central’ and ‘local’ were extended to language representation of ‘standard language’ and ‘dialect’. The class consciousness was added to those concept, dialect became the language of grief. Lee was deeply encouraged by the emotional function of the dialect to comfort the local people.

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2006 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472) 연구배경 : 일차항암화학요법 후에 생존의 이득을 얻었음에도 불구하고 비소세포폐암 환자들의 대다수가 결국은 재발하거나 진행성 병변을 보인다. 이에 저자들은 기존의 여러 연구에서 보고 된 구제요법으로서 docetaxel의 항암효과와 비교적 적은 독성의 결과를 바탕으로,platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 시행 밖았으나 개발되거나 진행된 비소세포폐암 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 단독요법의 치료효과와 부작용에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 조직학적으로 비소세포폐암으로 진단을 받고 platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 받았으나 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명의 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 75 mg/m² 또는 100 mg/m²을 3주마다 정주하였다. 임상기록을 통한 후향적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명중 남녀 비는 24:7이고 중앙연령은 60세였다. 2) 반응평가로 완전 관해는 없었고 부분관해는 14명(45.2%), 불변이 10명(32.3%), 진행이 7명(22.6%)으로 전체적인 반응율은 45.2%이었다. 3)중앙생존기간은 12.5개월(95% 신뢰구간: 7.3개월 17.6개월) 이었고, 1년 생존율은 52%였다. 무진행생존기간의 중앙값은 3.0개월(95%신뢰구간: 1.6개월 -4.5개월)이며, 반응군에서의 중앙반응지속피간은 3.7개월(95% 신뢰구간: 3.0개월 - 4.4개월)이었다. 4) 60세 미만인 경우(20.1 months vs 6.6 months. p=0,0105), 조직학적 아형이 선암일 경우(25.6 months vs 7.9 months, 0=0.0055) 통계적으로 유의한 생존기간의 증가가 있었다. 5) 부작용으로 3도 이상의 백혈구 감소증은 12명(38.7%),호중구 감소증에 동반된 발열은 6명(19.3%),감염이 동반된 호중구 감소증은 4명(12.9%)에서 발생했다. 치료와 관련되어 1명이 사망하였다. 6) Docetaxel 용량에 따른 생존기간의 차이나 독성의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : Platinum을 근거로 하는 항암화학요법으로 치료받은 후 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보이는 비소세포폐암환자들에게 docetaxel을 투여하는 것은 비교적 안전하고 효과적인 항암치료법으로 사료된다.

퇴행성 근골격계 질환을 가진 중년여성이 지각한 가족지지의 자아존중감의 관계

강경자,이은진 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 2000 근관절건강학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Middle age for women is one of the most important stages of the whole normal life span and has unique problems concerning the psychological and physical health, specifically degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore middle age women should prepare in order to lead a healthy and fruitful life as they enter/begin old age. As the population of middle age women increase, the demands of nurses who care for this age group also continue to grow. Nurses must be interested in this middle age group of women in Korea. This study was designed to identify the extent of family support and self-esteem of the middle age women with degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and the relationship between them and nurse's contribution to middle age women's health promotion that maintain and promote quality of her life. The population of this study was 112 women aged 40-60, attending the out patient clinic one University Hospital and one Hospital, in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st August to the 30th of September, 1998 by using 36 items questionnaire. The instrument used for measuring family support was of Chai's(1983) FSS which was modified by Kang's(1984) Family Support Scale. And that for self-esteem was Rosenberg's(1965) Self-esteem Scale. The reliability of Chai's FSS and Rosenberg's instruments were tested by Cronbach's alpha and showed that they were 0.93 and 0.89 each respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the perceived family support was 39.31±9.42. 2. The mean score of the perceived self-esteem was 33.16±6.75. 3. Statistically significant factors influencing the family support among sociodemographic variables was satisfaction of marriage(F =-3.069, p〈0.003). 4. Statistically significant factors influencing the self-esteem among sociodemographic variables were age(F=3.992, p=0.000), education(F=2.260, p=0.026), housing(F=-1.987, p=0.049) and satisfaction of marriage(F =-2.305, P=0.023). 5. There was a significant correlation between family support and self-esteem(r=.621, p〈.000). In conclusion, perceived the family support was important for middle age women to increase their self-esteem. Nurses should be aware of the necessity of family support in the supportive nursing of middle age women and should be able to make a plan to educate the family about supporting the wife/mother. The continuing study of the health promotion of middle age women to find out variables influencing middle age women' health must continue.

승용 디젤엔진용 가변과급기 성능에 관한 연구

진영욱,정진은,조훈기,강우,정재우 한국기술교육대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

A test bench which is consisted of roots blower, air flow meter, driving unit for VGT actuator, transmitters for temperature and pressure, and the rotational speed sensor was developed to evaluate the characteristics of the VGT system. Measurements using VGT of the 2.0 L diesel engine were carried out. The corrected mass flow rate and the pressure ratio for the compressor of the VGT are related directly with the rotational speed, but they are independent of the rack position of the VGT. The pressure ratio and the corrected mass flow rate of the turbine of the VGT are related directly with the rack position of the VGT, but they don't have any relation with the rotational speed. The mechanical efficiency of the VGT is higher than the conventional turbocharger in the wide range. The efficiency at the 0.03 kg/s of the mass flow rate is 4.36 times as high as that of the conventional turbocharger. These data will be used to develop the new engine equipped with the VGT system.

부모자녀관계중심 학부모상담모형 구안

강진령,강은주 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2009 교육과학연구 Vol.40 No.1

Parents have been considered as an important resource in student guidance and counseling. The purpose of this study was to construct a parent counseling model focusing on the relationship of parent and child that considered as one of the main factors that affect the student's adaptability to school life. To achieve the purpose, the principles of constructing a model, procedure, and components were developed by reviewing literature. On the basis of these literature review, the parent-child relationship-focused parent counseling model was constructed. The parent-child relationship-focused parent counseling model constructed in this study consists of four components: elements, structures, contents, and procedures as well as skills for each step. Each step is constructed to proceed in order of self-understanding, understanding children, setting goals, and practice. The validity and effectiveness of the parent-child relationship-focused parent counseling model constructed in this study was testified. In addition, more empirical studies are to be conducted to examine its effectiveness as well as to enhance its quality. 학교와 가정의 연계를 통해 학생들의 학업, 진로, 인성․사회성 발달을 돕기 위해 학부모와 학생 자녀의 관계증진에 초점을 맞춘 학부모상담 모형의 필요성이 제기되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 부모자녀 관계에서 도움이 필요한 학부모들을 위한 상담의 과정, 단계별 절차, 기법 및 전략 등을 설정하여 학교장면에서 활용할 수 있는 부모자녀 관계에 초점을 맞춘 학부모상담모형을 구안하는 것이다. 모형구안을 위해 학부모 상담의 특성 및 부모자녀 관계에 관한 이론적 고찰을 토대로 학부모의 요구 및 실태를 분석하였고, 이를 바탕으로 모형의 요소 및 구조와 내용, 단계별 절차와 기법을 구성하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 세 가지 모형 도식과 상담의 과정을 제시하는 한편, 세부구조로는 자기이해, 자녀이해, 목표설정, 그리고 실행의 4단계로서 재순환 과정을 거치도록 구안하였다. 본 연구에서 구안된 부모자녀 관계중심 학부모상담모형의 현장 적용을 위한 다양한 개입방법에 대해 논의되었다. 또한 구안된 학부모상담모형의 효과검증을 위한 다양한 경험적 연구와 모형의 질 향상을 위한 지속적인 노력의 필요성이 언급되었다.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암연구소 2006 암연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.-

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472)

노인성 골다공증성 추체 압박골절 환자에 대한 경피적 척추성형술 후 치료 결과 및 합병증 : Treatment Efficacy and Complications

강동호,김기정,이철희,황수현,김은상,정진명 대한노인병학회 2002 대한노인병학회지 Vol.6 No.3