디이젤기관의 흡입선회유동에 관한 연구

정동화,최은순,박상규 麗水水産大學校産業技術硏究所 1992 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Enhancement of performance of engine depends upon how perfectly combustion is effected, and air swirl is a factor contributing to this aim. In this paper, the variation of induction air swirl according to intake port shapes is studied by steady flow test. As a result of the steady flow test, using various shapes of intake port the following points are clarified. 1. Air swirl in actual engine cylinder can be fully estimated by steady flow test. 2. A valve position can have a substantial effect upon swirl. 3. The change of port inlet area has an effect on the variation of air swirl.

예비 유아 교사의 자아상태 유형에 관한 연구

박화윤,최인숙,천은영 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preservice teacher' ego state type and to provide basic data for personality education and teacher training. The subjects of this study were 234 students majoring in early childhood in 2 universities and 112 students majoring in early childhood in 2 colleges of Jeonbuk province. The instrument of this study were 「Ego gram Check list」that were developed by Dusay(1977). The results of this study were as follows : 1. As compared among the grade, all groups were showed that NP type was predominant position, and both A type and FC type were showed to be a significant difference. 2. As compared between university students and college students, two Groups were also showed that NP type was predominant position, and both A type and FC type were showed to be a significant difference.

更年期 障碍의 治療에 關한 硏究 : 中醫雜誌와 東義治療經驗集을 中心으로

閔丙和,崔銀洙,李仁仙 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1999 동의한의연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study has been carried out to investigate pathogenesis, symptoms, treatment method of Climacteric Hindrance. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In oriental medicine, Oimacteric Hindrance is caused by exhaustion of chungye(天癸), discordance of internal organs, discordance of the roles of yin and yang in kidney and its pathogenesis are the deficiency of Qi of the kidney and the depression of liver energy. In western medicine, the decline of ovary function is regarded as Climacteric Hindrance's pathogenesis. 2. The symptoms of Climacteric Hindrance are divided into the whole body's symptoms(psychogenic symptom) and partial symptoms(menstruation hindrance). 3. The medical treatments of Climacteric Hindrance are medicine treatment, acupuncture and psychologic therapy. And the treatment method of Climacteric Hindrance are aliment liver and kidney, aliment um(陰) and blood, making mental comfort, aliment um(陰) and controlling fire, softening liver energy. 4. The symptoms of Climacteric Hindrance are different one another, so many treatment methods can be required.

合成洗劑가 빨간집모기의 生態, 生理學的 特性에 미치는 影響

金正和,李炯來,朴垠澈,李容揆,崔觀善 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

It is considered a general experience that migration from rural to urban areas will go on in any developing countries pursuing economic development through industralization. In Korea, migration is considered one of the serious socio- economic problems because it has been made excessively fast than any other countries' experiences. The socio- economic problems originates in migration can be classified in two ways ; the one is the overpopulated problems of urban areas and emptied villages problems of rural areas, and the other is the shartage agricultural labor farce problems symbolized by the increasing idle cultivated land. To relieve migration effectively, the developing policies should be converted from pursuing fast industralization and urbanization to balance growth between areas and industries. Moreover problem solving political measure should be converted from partial and corresponding approaches to total approaches containing economic, social and institutional side-view.

감꼭지나방 생태적 특성 및 방제약제 선발

김정화,김길하,조수원,박은철,김순섭,황태구,최상기 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.4 No.-

경남지역과 충북지역 감나무의 재배, 해충 방제실태를 농가 방문하여 설문조사 한 결과 감 재배경력은 경남지역이 평균 10년이며, 충북지역은 평균 5년 정도이다. 감 재배 주수는 대다수 농가가 20주 이상이고, 재배관리에 대하여 자문을 받는 곳은 농업센터나 농약사 및 연구소 등이었다. 김 품종은 경남지역에서는 부유와 서촌조생, 충북지역에서는 등시와 월하 등을 재배하고 있었다. 시비종류는 이른봄 에 퇴비나 복합비료를 주었고, 감나무 생장 중 열매나 저장 중 열매에 발생하는 해충이 발견되었다. 해충방제를 위해 살충제를 살포하고 있는데 주로 감꼭지나방, 진딧물, 잎말이나방 및 깍지벌레 등으로 파마치온, 파단, 코니도, 신파마치온, 수프라사이드 등을 살포하였다. 감꼭지나방(Stathmopoda masinissa)의 발육생태를 조사하기 위하여, 감꼭지나방을 야외에서 채집하여 온도±1℃, 광주기 16L:8D, 상대습도 50~60%에서 실내 사육하였다. 각 층태별 기간은 알 7.4일, 유충기간 34.7일, 용 15.5일이었다. 각 령기간은 1령 3.5일, 2령 4.2일, 3령 5.2일, 4령 6.5일, 5령 15.4일이었으며, 특히 유층의 두폭을 측정하여 평균한 결과는 1령 0.20mm, 2령 0.40mm, 3령 0.65mm, 4령 0.87mm, 5령 1.07mm일 이었다. 성충의 수명은 수컷이 6.2일, 암컷이 10.1일 이었다. 용화율은 68.0% 우화율은 59.9%이었다. A survey in Kyungnam and chungbuk areas revealed that the average number of years for persimmon tree farming is 10 and 5 years, respectively. The number of trees per orchard is at least over 20, and the farmers have been usually advised through an agricultural center, an agrochemical store, or agrochemical research center. The varieties of the persimmons they grow are Buyu and Seocheon in Kyungnam, and Doogsi and Wolha in Chungbuk. The kind of fertilizers they sprayed in early spring is either compost or composite fertilizer. persimmon pests are often found in persimmon fruits while on a tree or in storage. Phamathion, Padan, Konido, Sinpamathion, and/or supuraside is usually used to control persimmon fruit moths, aphides, leafrollers, and scale insects. To understand the developmental ecology of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa Meyrick, we collected and reared them under the laboratory condition which is at 25±1℃ of temperature, 16L:8D of photoperiod, and 85% of relative humidity. As a result, the developmental period of egg, larva, and pupa were 7.40, 34.7, and 15.5 days, respectively. The average period of each larval instar was 3.50, 4.17, 5.17, 6.46, and 15.42 days, respectively, and the average head capsule width was 0.20, 0.40, 0.65, 0.87, and 1.07mm, respectively. The average adult longevity was 6.2 days for males and 10.1 days for females. The pupation rate and the emergence rate were 68.0% and 59.9%, respectively.

미립자 응집반응을 이용한 C-reactive Protein의 면역측정법에 관한 연구

최용경,정태화,최명자,김재화,최인성,김용호,송은영,이희구 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1996 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.2 No.1

환자의 복수와 늑막액으로부터 p-diazonium phenylphosphorylcholine(DPPC) coupled Separose-4B affinity chromatography와 hydroxylapatite chromatography를 실시하여 C-reactive protein (CRP)를 분리, 정제하였다. 정제된 CRP를 토끼에게 면역화하여 항혈청을 얻고 affinity chromatography를 하여 면역항체(IgG)를 분리하였다. 분리된 면역항체를 미립자에 감작시킨 후 미립자 응집반응에 의하여 3분내에 CRP를 측정할 수 있는 간이 면역측정법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 CRP측정법의 검출범위는 0.5∼20㎎/㎗이며, 임상 시험 결과 0.7∼2.9㎎/㎗에서는 강한 응집반응을, 5.0∼13.2㎎/㎗에서는 약한 응집반응을 보였고 28㎎/㎗이상에서는 항원 과잉으로 인한(zone of Ag excess phenomenon) 위음성을 나타냈다. 74명의 환자 혈청을 대상으로 CRP의 농도를 조사한 결과 평균치는 3.8㎎/㎗이었으며 대부분의 환자에서는 10㎎/㎗ 이하의 농도로 존재하였다. 그러므로 1차판정시 음성을 나타낸 시료라도 혈청을 5∼10배정도 희석하여 재분석한다면 오차없이 CRP를 검출할 수 있었다. 환자 혈청을 검체로 하여 본 연구에서 개발한 면역측정법과 현재 수입 시판중인 프랑스의 B사 제품과 일본의 I사 제품을 비교한 결과 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같은 평가 분석을 통하여 볼 때 본 연구에서 개발한 간이 면역측정법은 사용이 비교적 간편하며 신빙성이 있어 CRP를 스크리닝 하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. The C-reactive protein(CRP) from ascitic and pleural fluid was purified using calcium dependent affinity chromatography of CNBr activated Sepharose-4B covalently coupled to p-diazonium phenylphosphorylcholine(DPPC) and hydroxylapitite chromatography. Polyclonal antibody was prepared from rabbit by immunizing the purified CRP. Specific immunoglobulin G was isolated using affinity chromatography and coupled to microparticles. A sensitive microparticle-based immunoassay was developed to measure CRP within 3 mins. The detection range was between 0.5㎎/㎗ and 20㎎/㎗ in serum, showing strong response in the range of 0.7∼2.9㎎/㎗, week response in 5.0∼13.2㎎/㎗ and zone phenomenon over 28㎎/㎗. The average value of CRP in 74 samples was 3.8㎎/㎗ and most of the values were lower than 10㎎/㎗. The CRP values of serum samples were determined by our microparticle-based immunoassay, and were compared with those obtained using the other commercial products(B Co., France and I Co., Japan). Good correlations were shown between the values obtained by our developed microparticle-based immunoassay system and those by other commercial products. All performance characteristics evaluated make our developed microparticles-based immunoassay suitable for a simple, rapid, and reliable screening of CRP in serum.

저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

Reversal of serologic, immunologic, and histologic dysfunction in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus by long‐term serial adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

Choi, Eun Wha,Shin, Il Seob,Park, So Young,Park, Ji Hyun,Kim, Jong Sung,Yoon, Eun Ji,Kang, Sung Keun,Ra, Jeong Chan,Hong, Sung Hwa Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Vol.64 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To investigate the efficacy of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD‐MSC) transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the optimal transplantation window for stem cells either before or after disease onset.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>(NZB × NZW)F<SUB>1</SUB> mice with SLE were administered human AD‐MSCs (5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP>) intravenously every 2 weeks from age 6 weeks until age 60 weeks, while the control group received saline vehicle on the same schedule. Another experiment was carried out with a different initiation time point for serial transplantation (age 6 weeks or age 32 weeks).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Long‐term serial administration (total of 28 times) of human AD‐MSCs ameliorated SLE without any adverse effects. Compared with the control group, the human AD‐MSC–treated group had a significantly higher survival rate with improvement of histologic and serologic abnormalities and immunologic function, and also had a decreased incidence of proteinuria. Anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies and blood urea nitrogen levels decreased significantly with transplantation of human AD‐MSCs, and serum levels of granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and IL‐10 increased significantly. A significant increase in the proportion of CD4+FoxP3+ cells and a marked restoration of capacity for cytokine production were observed in spleens from the human AD‐MSC–treated group. In the second experiment, an early stage treatment group showed better results (higher survival rates and lower incidence of proteinuria) than an advanced stage treatment group.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Serial human AD‐MSC transplantation had beneficial effects in the treatment of SLE, without adverse effects. Transplantation of human AD‐MSCs before disease onset was preferable for amelioration of SLE and restoration of immune homeostasis.</P>

The effect of gene therapy using CTLA4Ig/silica-nanoparticles on canine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis

Choi, Eun Wha,Shin, Il Seob,Lee, Chang Woo,Youn, Hwa Young John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 The journal of gene medicine Vol.10 No.7

<B>Background</B><P>The present study aimed to determine the effect of canine CTLA4Ig on canine autoimmune thyroiditis. In a previous study, we established a canine model of autoimmune thyroiditis by immunizing normal dogs with bovine thyroglobulin. An in vitro study using recombinant CTLA4Ig revealed that this protein can inhibit the expression of Th1-type cytokines and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tested.</P><B>Methods</B><P>As a result of the in vitro study, we constructed therapeutic CTLA4Ig/silica-nanoparticles and applied them to the treatment of experimentally induced canine autoimmune thyroiditis.</P><B>Results</B><P>Gene therapy resulted in significant reductions in anti-canine-thyroglobulin autoantibody titer, anti-T4 antibody titer and T-cell proliferation against thyroglobulin and in the mRNA expressions of interleukin-18 in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all dogs. There was also a significant reduction compared to day 0 in tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ levels in the supernatant from cultured PBMC.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>The CTLA4Ig-induced suppression of Th1 cytokines is relatively more significant than it appears because autoimmune thyroiditis is a Th1-polarized disease. Thus, CTLA4Ig can improve Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in autoimmune thyroiditis by downregulating Th1 cytokines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Ahnak-knockout mice show susceptibility to Bartonella henselae infection because of CD4+ T cell inactivation and decreased cytokine secretion

( Eun Wha Choi ),( Hee Woo Lee ),( Jun Sik Lee ),( Il Yong Kim ),( Jae Hoon Shin ),( Je Kyung Se ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.4

The present study evaluated the role of AHNAK in Bartonella henselae infection. Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 2 × 10⁸ colony-forming units of B. henselae Houston-1 on day 0 and subsequently on day 10. Blood and tissue samples of the mice were collected 8 days after the final B. henselae injection. B. henselae infection in the liver of Ahnak-knockout and wild-type mice was confirmed by performing polymerase chain reaction, with Bartonella adhesion A as a marker. The proportion of B. henselaeinfected cells increased in the liver of the Ahnak-knockout mice. Granulomatous lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels, and liver enzyme levels were also higher in the liver of the Ahnak-knockout mice than in the liver of the wild-type mice, indicating that Ahnak deletion accelerated B. henselae infection. The proportion of CD4+interferon-y(IFN-y)⁺ and CD4⁺interleukin (IL)-4⁺ cells was significantly lower in the B. henselae-infected Ahnak-knockout mice than in the B. henselae-infected wild-type mice. In vitro stimulation with B. henselae significantly increased IFN-y and IL-4 secretion in the splenocytes obtained from the B. henselae-infected wild-type mice, but did not increase IFN-y and IL-4 secretion in the splenocytes obtained from the B. henselae-infected Ahnak-KO mice. In contrast, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion was significantly elevated in the splenocytes obtained from both B. henselae-infected wild-type and Ahnak-knockout mice. These results indicate that Ahnak deletion promotes B. henselae infection. Impaired IFN-y and IL-4 secretion in the Ahnak-knockout mice suggests the impairment of Th1 and Th2 immunity in these mice. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(4): 289-294]