Rationalization of Budgetary Choices ( Rationalisation des Choix Budgetaires : R . C . B . ) in France : the Characte - ristics and Diffculties with its Application in Developing Countries .

CHUNG,Sae - Wook 한국행정학회 1973 韓國行政學報 Vol.7 No.-

A STUDY ON THE RISK PROTECTION OF THE MOLD TRANSFORMER

Chung,Young-Ki,Jung,Jong-Wook,Kim,Jae-Chul,Kwak,Hee-Ro,Lee,Su-Kyung 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

This paper investigates and analyzes the installation and failure status of mold transformer being used in domestic subways and describes the extinguishing process by time through the combustion test of winding part of mold transformer. Condition of installed mold transformers and classes of fire were surveyed and the mold transformer was burned in a horizontal heating furnace. It was confirmed that the mold transformer is self extinguishing and nonflammability. According to this results, the suitable standard of fire protection for the mold transformer was demanded after review of domestic and abroad law. It is expected that the cost of fire protection equipment can be reduced by using the status and combustion test result of mold transformer.

HBV : Dynamic Change of HBsAg Titer during Anti-Viral Therapy in Treatment-Na?ve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Han Wook Chung ),( Yu Jin Ko ),( Sang Wook Lee ),( Hyun Woong Lee ),( Hyung Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aims: Quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) titers are emerging as useful tools for measuring viral load and predicting predicting virologic response (VR). This study aimed to determine whether serial monitoring of HBsAg levels could predict virologic response to entecavir(ETV) & clevudine(CLV) therapy in treatment-naive patients with CHB Methods: A total of 157 treatment-naive patients with CHB, who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2008, were enrolled in this study (100 males). 97 patients(69 males, mean age 48) were treated with ETV for average 53 months, and 60 patients (31 males, mean age 43) were treated with CLV for 26months average. HBsAg levels were measured at baseline, week 12, 24, and 48. All patients were assessed for virological response (HBV DNA<140 copies/mL). Serum HBV DNA was quantified using the real time PCR assay (Artus HBV LC PCR Kit, Roche Diagnostics, lower limit of quantification, 140 copies/mL). Results: In 97 ETV-treated patients, the rates of virological response were 56.7% (55/97) at 48months and 60 CLV-treated patients, 30% (18/60) at 24 months, respectively. Mean reduction of baseline HBV DNA was -5.3, and -4.9 log10 copies/mL. In 55 VR patients treated with ETV, 43(78.1%) patients showed early decline of HBsAg titer and 31(56.3%) patients had lower baseline HBsAg levels (< 3.7 log IU/mL). In 18 VR patients treated with CLV, 9(50%) patients showed early decline of HBsAg titer and 11(61.1%) patients had also lower baseline HBsAg levels (< 3.7 log IU/mL) . Conclusions: Early decline of HBsAg was useful for predicting VR, and baseline HBsAg could be indicative as well in CHB patients treated with ETV than patients treated with CLV.

1인승 운송체계로서의 스쿠터 디자인에 관한 연구

정주현,이욱영 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2004 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.9

오늘날 지구촌을 도심어디로 가더라도 날로 증가하는 차량으로 인해 극심한 교통전쟁을 치르고, 베기가스에 의한 환경오염은 심각한 수위에 와있다. 도시 생화자들에게 차량이용의 주목적이 출퇴근용이라는 것을 감안한다면 나 홀로 차량이 시내 운행의 대부분을 차지한다고 해도 과언이 아닐것이다. 나라마다 나름의 해결책으로 차량의 시내 진입을 억제하기 위해 대중교통의 활성화 또는 시내 진입 시 활증료의 부과 등 정책적인 방법으로 도시 운전자들에게 가하는 압박은 수위를 높여가고 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 시내를 중행하는 대부분의 차량이 1명만 탑승한다는 점과 항상 주차가 고민이라는 점을 해결하기 위한 새로운 방향을 모색하였다. 이에 최근 다시금 주목 받고 있는 스쿠터의 효율성을 인식하고 향후 1인승 운송기기로서의 새로운 가능성을 토대로 본 연구를 지행하였다. 스쿠터는 많은 모터사이클과 달리 경제적인 가격대와 실용성(수납박스, 쉬운 조작성, 저연비) 등 다른 모터사이클에서 느낄 수 없는 장점이 있다. 최근 이러한 실용성을 극대화한 BMW C1과 같은 새로운 형태의 스쿠터들이 많이 연구되고 있다. 이와 같은 스쿠터들은 기존의 실용성뿐만 아니라 운전자의 안전성을 극대화해주며, 또한 자동차와 같은 운전환경을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 실용성뿐만 아니라 운전자의 안전과 새로운 라이프 스타일에 부합하며 새로운 교통문화를 창출할 수 있는 스쿠터 디자인을 사례를 통해 제안하였다. Today, our world suffers severe traffic war since car is increasing day by day in every corner of the world and environmental pollution due to waste gas threatens to be aggravated. In view of present situation that main reason for using vehicles for citizen is going for work, it is not too much to say that most of running vehicles in city area should be driver only vehicles. Therefore, each countries intensify their pressure on drivers in city through employment of policies such as recommendation to use public transportation and imposition of premium charge for entering city area to restraint vehicles' entering to city. In this study, we had searched new direction to solve the problems that lack of parking lots and most of vehicles driving in city are single occupant's vehicles. Moreover, we could recognized that the effectiveness of Scooter that noticed again recently and had been studying based on new possibility of Scooter as a future single riding transportation tool. Scooter has many merits like economical price and practicalities such as container box, convenient control and high efficiency of gasoline that couldn't be felt from other motorcycles. Recently, new types of Scooter such as "BMW C1" that maximized practicality has been studied. These kind of Scooters not only maximize existing practicality but also safety of drivers, moreover, can provide driving circumstances as vehicles. This study proposed new design of Scooter that not only corresponds practicality and safety as well as new life style but also can create new traffic culture.

가교화 쌀 전분의 이화학적 특성

최현욱,정구민,김정호,문태화,박천석,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

專門大學 不動産科 敎育課程 修正ㆍ開發에 관한 硏究

金淸祐,鄭郁浩,李圭熙,成錫駿 대구산업정보대학 1988 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

1) Object Individuality of real estate department and inner firmness of vocational education in junior college. 2) Method of study. The study of booket concerned with the curriculum of homeland and foreign land. Analysis and study of the question examination from the professors, the enrollments and graduates. 3) Conclusion ① Preferential organization on the subjects corresponded with the field after graduation; 「Architecture Construction, Equipment」 must be added with reguired subjects and 「Civil Procedure and Auction」ㆍ「E.D.P.S」 must be added with optional subjects. ② Reinforcement on the actual affairs and the actual training; Enlarging actual affairs on 「Real Estate Taxes」ㆍ「Real Estate Registration」ㆍ「Land Register」 and a new establishment on 「Spot Practice Subject」 ③ Exemption of the unnecessary and unessential subjects(ex, Real Estate Finance), which is too theoretical, also subdivided and repeated subjects.

가토 편측 악관절원판 제거후 악관절 과두에서 S-100 단백 변화에 관한 실험적 연구

이충원,김경욱,허균행 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

S-100 protein is chiefly in neuroectodermal origin tissue of human body. For example it exists in odontogenic epithelial cell, melanocyte in skin, chondrocyte in cartilage, and it is involved in calcium metabolism. The purpose of this study was to observe the change of cell proliferation of condylar head after unilateral diskectomized by anti S-100 protein antibody method. 20 rabbits of 3.0 Kg body weight(control;5, experimental;15) were used and diskectomized in left side of experimental group. According to the sacrification schedule, excised TMJ of control and experimental group was fixed, decalcified and immunohistochemically stained by LSAB method. S-100 protein positive cells were observed under the microscope according to stainability. The results were as follows, 1. Histopatholigic features showed increased hyperplasia of hypertrophic zone, but decreased narrowness of errosive zone in surgical site. 2. S-100 protein positive cells could be seen in the hypertrophic zone of control group. In experimental group, they were seen in hyalinized chondrocyte at 1 week, from 3 to 6 weeks they were found at the borderline of proliferative and hypertrophic zone. 3. In 8 weeks of experimental group, positive reaction was appeared in upper portion of hypertrophic and erosive zone. In 10 weeks of experimental group, slight positive reaction in hypertrophic zone was similar to control group. From the above findings, we can observe the change of undifferentiated cell into chondrocyte at early stage of diskectomized condyle head. After 10 weeks, narrowing of proliferative zone and widening of hypertrophic zone and cartilagenous cell megration into subchondral bone could be seen.

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography(IMAC)를 이용한 His-tagged B^30-homoserine 인슐린 전구체의 rapid one-step 분리 정제

한성욱,김동일,조정우 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.1(B)

To purify His tagged B^30-homoserine insulin precursor from recombinant E. coli using a rapid single-step purification method, immobilized Ni^2+ -affinity chromatography which has been widely used to purify genetically fused to the interest protein was used. His tagged B^30-homoserine insulin precursor, molecular weight 9KDa, expression was accomplished by IPTG induction on pellet centrifuged of flask and batch broth and confirmed by SDS-PAGE either. It showed that recombinant protein is expressed as inclusion body. His-tagged B^30-homoserine insulin precursor which chelated with Ni^2+ metal ion was eluted lX Elution buffer, pH7.9 including 6M Urea with 1000mM imidazole. His tagged B^30-homoserine insulin precursor band was ascertained by SDS-PAGE with freeze dried powder obtained from lX Elution buffer extract.

투명표본에 의한 C-shaped canal 의 근관형태에 관한 연구

김한욱,이정식 大韓齒科保存學會 1990 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.15 No.2

AbstractForty extracted human mandibular second molars with C-shaped canal were chosen to study the anatomy of the root canal.The experimental teeth were injected with china ink, decalcified and cleared with Winter green oil, in vitro, to study the number of root, root canal, canal per root, frequency and location of lateral canal and transverse anastomosis. 1. All teedth had one root. 2. Mesial roots with two canals were 25%, and mesial roots with one canal were 75%. All distal roots had one canal. 3. In the roots with two canals, the common apical foramen appeared in 20% and the separte apical foramen appeared in 80%. 4. The frequence of lateral canal was 33.3% and the most frequent region was middle 1/3. 5. All teeth had the transverse anastomosis in all region of the roots.

전방 십자 인대 파열에서의 반월상 연골판 파열의 양상

강충남,김종오,김동욱,고영도,유재두,최창호 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Injury to associated structures is expected to worsen the prognosis of ACL tears. Meniscal injuries are well known to coexist in knees with both acute and chronic ACL injuries. However, it is not conclusive whether the likelihood of encountering a repairable meniscal lesion diminishes as the time from injury increases. W e reviewed records of 127 patient receiving an arthroscopically assisted stabilizing procedure for an acute and chronic ACL injury incurred while skiing, soccer, traffic accident to associated meniscal injury. All patient had undergone arthroscopic evaluation. We classified acute injury as injury less than 3 months old at time of surgery, and chronic injury as more than 3 months old. Acute injuries were 88 cases and chronic injuries were 39 cases. In 55 ski-related injuries, 41 knees were acute and 14 knees were chronic. Fourteen(34%) meniscal tears were noted in chronic cases. In 42 soccer injuries, 20 knees were acute and 22 knees were chronic. In acute cases, 14(70%) meniscal tears were noted and in chronic cases, 14(64%) meniscal tears were noted. In 30 traffic accident injuries, 27 knees were acute and 3 knees were chronic. In acute cases, 19(70%) meniscal tears were noted and in chronic cases, 2(67%) meniscal tears were noted. There was strong trend of the increased incidence of medial involvement in the non-skiers than in the skiers, In the type of meniscal tear with acute ACL rupture, 33 of 52 meniscal were longitudinal tear, 6 were horizontal tear, 4 were radial tear(only in lateral meniscus) and 9 were complex tear. In the pattern of meniscal tear with chronic ACL rupture, 15 of 37 meniscal were longitudinal tear, 3 were horizontal tear, 1 was radial tear(only in lateral meniscus) and 18 were complex tear(medial meniscus 16, lateral meniscus 2). In the treatment of torn menisci, 29 of 52 meniscal tears were treated by conservative treatment and meniscal repair, 21 meniscal tears were treated by partial menisectomy and 2 meniscal tears were treated by subtotal menisectomy in acute injuries. In chronic injury, 10 of 37 meniscal tears were treated by conservative treatment and meniscal repair, 18 meniscal tears were treated by partial menisectomy and 9 meniscal tears were treated by subtotal menisectomy. There was no total menisectomy. As the time from injury increased, the medial meniscus tears were severe and were more likely to require menisectomy.