광양만 유역 퇴적토 중의 다환방향족탄화수소류

정흥호,정호승,김은영,조환익,황주찬,최상원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.6

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments of Kwangyang bay on Korea, have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC/MS). The average content of total PAHs in all samples was 2,211ppb, and the range was from 36 to 22,699pph. The higher concentrations were found in sediment sampled near Kwangyang iron processing plant, Taeindo. The resulting distributions of PAHs according to the number of aromatic ring and molecular ratios of specific aromatic compounds (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) have been discussed in terms of sample location, origin of the organic matter. Four, five and six rings of PAHs were mainly found near to Kwangyang iron processing plant, and three and four rings near to Yeosu chemical kombinat. This result typically indicated the local characteristics, depending on the origin of PAHs.

農機械共同利用組織의 擴大發展方案에 關한 硏究 : 機械化 營農團을 中心으로 With reference to the Mechonized Farming Unit

曺在六,鄭煥庸 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1981 産業經濟硏究 Vol.8 No.1

Ⅰ. Introduction Last two decades witnessed a rapid social transformation featured by urbanization along with industrialization. Spatial concentration of people and activities particularly in urban area has been the major feature in the course of the development efforts. It gave rise to the problem of rural exodus of the young, which has led to the reduction of the quantity and the deterioration of the quality of the rural labour. Therefore, it has become a sine qua non to induce mechanization of farming activities not only to make up for shortage of labour but to increase the agricultural productivity. The government came to enact a law in 1978 to promote farming mechanization. Acoording to this law, local governments are given commission to help organize and operate the mechanized farming units when necessary. It is only two years since the operation of the mechanized farming units began, it may be premature to assess the effect. However, it is an urgent need for the government and the people concerned to provide an efficient policy direction in order to support the operation of those units. To meet this need, this study aims to identify the problems arising from their operations with a view to provision of strategies for improvment of the operations and management of the new system. Ⅱ. Type and Present Situation of the Mechanized Farming Units Mechanized farming units are generally in operation with the aims of the reduction of farming labour cost, joint share of the purchasing expenses, collective acquirement of operation and managing techniques, joint performant of its related works, and diversification of risks in the use of machines. Therefore, the types of mechenized cooperative farming organizations may depending upon the motivation, pattern of operations, and the objective or the subject of the research. Based upon the subect, we can classify most of the units into two different kinds; one is the mechanized farming unit of the cooperative type, and the other of the village type. The former may be said to be led by the government, and the latter by the individual farm household. In chonnam province, the mechanized farming units have different names which reflect similar ideas without any deliberate any deliberate attempt to distinguish between them. The terms such as comprehensive mechanized demonstration unit, mechanized farming center, saemaul farming unit, and saemaul quasi-farming unit refer to different size of the units in terms of the operation. As of 1981, there are seventy two units of farm machine work in the province; one unit of the cowprehensive farming machines for demonstration purpose, six mechanized farming centers, forty saemaul farming units, and twenty five saemaul quasi-farming units. Ⅲ. Problems and Issues identified. The problems and issues observed in the process of this study can be devided into two different kinds, one kind is related to the operation itself, and the other is related to the management of the organization. The problems arising from the operation are follows; 1. Difficulties related to the procedures for mortgage to secure the loan for the purchase of farming machines 2. Delayed supply of farming machines 3. Low rate of farmers' participation in the operation, because most units are in operation mainly by the youth club 4. Depository fee is calculated in general based on the customary or traditional levels. It has to be based upon the cost accounting. The problems arising from the management of the units are as follows: 1. Frequent machine troubles due to unskilled operation techniques of those who are handling farming machines 2. Insufficient delivery systems to secure better access to repair services. 3. Difficulties related to obtaining parts of the farming machines imported from overseas Ⅳ. Guidliness for the Promotion of Mechanized Farming Units It is desirable to foster in prority the mechanized farming unit of village type which will bring up the client participation in the utilization of the system where by problems in operation and management might be solved with ease. The units of the cooperative type should perform the function of demonstration effect. It is also desirable to trust the operation of the units to the control of Saemaul leaders. Saemaul leaders of adjacent villages may organize a commission, if necessary, to decide the ways to utilize the farming machines for the common interest. In terms of adequate size of the unit, the composition of the farming machines should be based upon the combination of working efficiency of the machinery. The working capacity of each farming unit in the province has been calculated as 43.2 hectares of transplanting and 10.8 hectares of harvesting, given the present condition that each farming unit has two transplanters, one combiner(harvester), two tractors, etc. Ⅴ. Conclusion Policy Measures for Mechanized Farming Units are recommended as following. 1. The Government should enforce its policy to speed up the land consolidation to provide the favorable foundation for the mechanization of farming activities. 2. It is most recommendable to integrate supporting agencies in existance into one. 3. Government supports should be extended toward village type farming units focussing on those activities as transplanting and harvesting. Full-utilization of the existing farming machinery owned by individual farm household will be complementary 4. It is necessary to introduce a sort of insurance system against the crop damage in order to give favorable incentives to the probable trusters of farming activities. If the landholders thought it a dangerous venture to trust farming activities to the mechanized farming unit, the process of farming mechanization would be delayed.

農村마을類型設定指標에 關한 硏究

鄭煥庸,曺在六 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1979 産業經濟硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The present basic driving unit of Saemaul Undong is necessary to be adjusted in view of the scale of economy and resource availability. To establish the new area boundary of the basic units, it is desirable to categorize the villages according to the functions and the realities of the village. This study aims at identifying the functional indicies of the rural village. At present, rural villages in Korea are classified into four types based on their locational characteristics and physical environments. The purpose of the classification is to provide a new direction of Saemaul Undong to meet the village needs. But, the indicators which have been employed so far are not quite clear. It is, therefore, reasonable to identify the important indicies which will represent the character of the rural villages. In the course of urbanization, the rural areas have experienced drastic change in the attitudes of the people, ways of thinking and economic life. This trend of rural-urbanization can be grasped by analysis of accessibility to the urban area. The result of our study also shows close relationship between the accessibility and the other factors such as diffusion rate of information, rate of activity and the other economic factors. But, it is hard to find the some tendency as observed above by the rate of arable land which is regarded as important indicator to categorize the village. Thus, it is possible to say that the accessibility to urban area is the most influential index representing the realities of villages. By the accessibility, the villages could be divided into three categories, viz, suburban, far-off suburban and remote village. To apprehend the economic aspect of village, several factors could be considered. But, the result of the study reveals that planting system of the village is the most crucial factor as compared to the other economic factors. By the planting system, it is possible to divide the village into three types, viz; grain-oriented, cash crop-oriented and grain-crop mixed type. As a conclusion, it is possible to say that the planting system of a village and the accessibility to the urban area are the two major functional indicies which indicate the realities of the village.

한외여과막을 이용한 정수처리에 있어서 콜로이드 및 유기물질에 의한 Fouling

曺秉樂,徐裕德,權起弘,金忠煥 영남이공대학 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

In the uct-flow ultrafiltration, effects of day on the fouling due to organic substances and day were evaluated by fading model materials and clay. Fouling model materials selected were protein(BSA, α-lactalbumin, ν-globulin), polysaerharide(MW 9,300, 70,000. 250.030, 515,000), fulvic acid(MW8,000), humic acid(MW8,000-200,000, 8,000-50,000, 8,000-10,000, c.a200,000), and algogenic organic matter(EOM:extracellular organic matter, microbial deoomposition products) and kaolin was selected as a clay material The polysulfone membrane(MWCO:mdscular weight cut-off, 10,000, 50,000 and 200,000) were used as an ultrafiltration membrane. In particular, the experiment of algogenic organic matter was used ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50,000. The flux of protein and polysaccharide with coexistence of kaolin increased in the rase of the ratio of MW/MWCO being greater than one, but did not increase in the rase of the MW/MWCO ratio being below one. In contrast the flux of fulvic acid and humic acid with coexistence of kaolin decreased regardless of the ratio of MW/MWCO. The addition of dispersion agent and coagulant in the organic substances and kaolin mixture solution changed the size distribution of kaolin, and resulted in the change of the flux,

重化學工業機械의 國産化方案에 關한 硏究 : 特히 窯業에 있어서의 燒成爐, 粉碎機, 排風機, 冷却機, 電氣集마器 自動枰量供給器 等의 製作을 目的으로

趙哲衡,朴碩喆,丁太權,宋鐵,桭達福,金基玉,朴煥奎,趙煥從,朴善鐘,金種一,李茂錫 朝鮮大學校 1977 綜合論文集 Vol.1977 No.-

This is to investigate the posibility of home manufacturing of heavy chemical industry machines, such as rotary kiln, crusher, blower, cooler, electrostatic precipitator and weighing feeder of cement plant. It is concluded that even though we can not make all of them (some of them are made now and some others are going to be made in the near future, some of them are made whole and some others are made partially), we can build or export the cement plant by importing the important machines which we can not make now and by substituting them with ours gradually.

보신 관광에서 감염된 수입성 Sparganosis 1예 : Intake of Thailand Snake during Trip

서환조,박명재,고경식,백영한,조유정,양현종,류경남,정형근,전정열 대한감염학회 1992 감염 Vol.24 No.1

Human sparganosois was reported more than 100 cases in Korean population. However no case reported yet in Korea as a patient was infected by sparganum from other geographical area, such as Thailand. The case we are reported here is a 38 year-old Korean male who had been suffered from mass being a small, round and soft consistance in upper portion of his right thigh. The patients stated that he had an opportunity to eat living snake in Bangkok, Thailand during trip. As therapy praziquantel (75㎎/㎏/day) was given p.o. for 14 days, but in vain to cure. Following medical treatment, surgical exicision was performed to remove a alive, soft, whitish-milky, mobile and elongated sparganum. Serlogical test by micro-ELISA for sparganum-specific antibody revealed a high serum antibody level of absorbance 0.67 (positive criterion: absorbance 0.22).

세라믹 브라켓의 제거 시 Er : YAG 레이저의 효능

서충환,장나영,채종문,조진형,김상철,강경화 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구에서는 세라믹 브라켓 제거에 Er:YAG 레이저 조사가 도움이 되는지 알아보고, 브라켓 제거에 적합한 레이저 조사 방법을 연구하였으며, 또 이렇게 적용된 레이저가 치수와 법랑질에 손상을 주는지도 알아보았다. 총 190개의 치아, 단결정 세라믹 브라켓(MISO), 다결정 세라믹 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)과 KEY Laser3를 사용하였다. 실험군은 세라믹 브라켓의 종류(단결정, 다결정)와 레이저의 에너지(140, 300, 450, 600 mJ)에 따라 분류하였으며, 레이저를 브라켓당 두 곳에 1펄스씩 조사하고, 전단 강도를 측정하였다. 대조군은 레이저를 조사하지 않는 군으로 하였다. 레이저 조사에 의한 열 효과는 브라켓 하방 법랑질과 치수강에서 측정하였으며, 전단 강도 측정 후 치면에 남아있는 접착제의 양을 접착제 잔류 지수(adhesive remnant index)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 레이저 조사로 인한 접착제의 파괴 양상과 법랑질 표면 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 모든 세라믹 브라켓군에서 레이저 에너지가 증가 할수록 전단 강도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, 브라켓 하방 법랑질에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 3.78˚C 상승에 그쳤으며, 치수강에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 0.9˚C 상승에 그쳤다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 법랑질과 접착제 단면 관찰에서 접착제 표면이 레이저에 의해 붕괴되어 분화구 모양의 구덩이로 관찰되었으며, 일부 시편에서 약 10 - 30μm의 법랑질 손상이 발견되었다. Transbond XT로 부착된 단결정 도재 브라켓(MISO)의 디본딩에 Er:YAG 레이저를 이용할 경우, 300 - 450 mJ의 레이저 에너지를, 그리고 다결정 도재 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)의 경우는 450 mJ 정도의 에너지를 사용하는 것이 효과적이고 안전할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out whether Er:YAG laser can aid in debonding ceramic brackets, and to see what kind of method will be the most appropriate for debonding. Methods: One hundred and ninety teeth, monocrystalline brackets (MISO, HT, Ansan-Si, Korea), polycrystalline brackets (TranscendTM series 6000, 3M Untek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and the KEY Laser3 (KavoDental, Biberach, Germany) were used. Experimental groups were classified according to the type of ceramic brackets, and the amount of laser energy (0, 140, 300, 450, 600 mJ). After applying laser on the bracket at two points at 1 pulse each, the shear bond strength was measured. The effect of heat caused by laser was measured at the enamel beneath the bracket and pulp chamber. After measuring the shear bond strength, adhesive residue was evaluated and enamel surface was investigated using SEM. Results: All ceramic bracket groups showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength as the laser energy increased. The greatest average temperature change was 3.78˚C on the enamel beneath the bracket and 0.9˚C on the pulp chamber. Through SEM, crater shape holes caused by the laser was seen on the enamel and adhesive surfaces. Conclusions: If laser is applied on ceramic brackets for debonding, 300 - 450 mJ of laser energy will be safe and efficient for monocrystalline brackets (MISO), and about 450 mJ for polycrystalline brackets (Transcend series 6000).

현미 온도 조질 후 정백 특성

한충수,김유호,강태환,조성찬 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.1

겨울철 곡온이 낮은 현미는 조직이 단단해져서 정맥시간이 길어지고, 과부하로 인해 도정효율 저하와 소비전력량이 증가한다. 조질은 곡물의 함수율과 곡온을 조절하는 기술로써, 현미의 단단한 조도정수율 및 도정효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 저온 현미 정백시 도정효율 향상 및 품질유지를 위해 적정 현미 조질온도와 정백 후 백도, 강도, 동할미율, 싸라기율, 곡온 상승, 함수율 변화, 소비전력량 등과의 관계를 규명하였다. 현미 조질 곡은 0, 3, 5, 12, 20℃에 대한 정백후 백미 백도 변화는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 동할미율, 완전립과 동할립 강도 및 싸라기율은 현미 조질 곡온이 높을수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 조질 곡은 12, 20℃인 경우가 정백 후 적정 곡온 상승 규정범위 15℃ 내에 해당되었다. 정백 후 함수율 변화는 조질곡온에 관계없이 외기온도와 정백 후 곡온 차이로 발생한 결로에 의해 미세하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 정백 소비전력량은 조질곡온이 0℃보다 높은 조건이 2.52~14.28% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 동절기 정백시 현미의 적정 온도는 10℃ 이상으로 조질하거나 유지하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. This study was find out the relationships between whiteness, hardness, crack ratio, broken rice ratio, increased grain temperature, moisture content, electric energy consumption, and optimum conditioning of grain temperature for milled rice efficiency and quality maintenance during the milling process of brown rice at low temperature. There was no significant difference between the whiteness variations of white rice after milling process when the conditioning grain temperatures ranging from 0 to 20℃ was used. The crack and broken rice ratios of white rice and the hardness of brown rice decreased with an increased in the conditioning grain temperature. Conditioning grain temperatures of 12, 20℃ are applicable to appropriated standard of temperature (15℃) after milling process. In the case of low temperature of grain, there was steadily increase the rate of change moisture contents because of dew condensation. There was 2.62∼14.28% decline of electricity energy for milling process when temperature of grain was higher than 0℃. Therefore it needs to control temperature over 10℃ for appropriate milling in the winter season.

광양만으로 유입하는 하천하구에서의 이화학적 특성 : 우수기 직후 유입하천에 따른 영향 effect of inputting rivers after rainy season in summer

김은영,정흥호,정호승,조환익,황주찬,최상원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.9

Physicochemical characteristics of Kwangyang Bay, have been investigated on the effects of inputting rivers just after rainy season in summer 2003. The results ranged from 4.96~8.01 mg/L for DO, 1.16~3.09 mg/L for COD, 7.21~67.71 μM for DIN and 0.12~121.84 μM for phosphate. The COD of Yeosu Area was 1.19~3.09 mg/L, Kwangyang Area was 1.23 ~ 2.76 mg/L. The COD of Wallae cheon in Yeosu Area was 3.09 mg/L and Donghoan in Kwangyang Area was 2.76 mg/L. The reason of high COD might be industrial sewage of organic chemical plants and iron foundry. DIN of Yeosu Area and Kwangyang Area were 7.21--63.43 μM and 8.43 67.71 μM respectively. The average phosphate of Yeosu Area was 23.65 μM. The source of phosphate might be industrial sewages of fertilizer plant and phosphate gypsum stocked with high amounts. The metal concentrations were measured in the range of 1.01~175.10 ㎍/L for Cu, 0.13~1.78 ㎍/L for Cd, 1.13~5.21 ㎍/L for Pb, 1.58~13.57 ㎍/L for Cr and 1.07~20.68 ㎍/L for As. The average Cu concentration was 78.99 ㎍/L in Kwangyang Area. The source of Cu might be industrial sewage of iron foundry. The average Cr concentration of Yeosu Area was 9.07 ㎍/L. That is 2 times higher than Kwangyang Bay 5.74 gg/L, because of sewage of chemical plants.

개질재를 혼입한 재생아스콘의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

박승범,조광연,조청휘,김정환,채용주 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.1

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the mechanical properties of modified recycling asphalt concrete. Research has been performed to obtain the characteristics of the modified recycling asphalt concrete such as marshall test, indirect tensile test, resilient modulus and wheel tracking test by varying contents of modifier (SBS, SBR) and recycled aggregate(30, 50, 70%). Modified recycling asphalt concrete showed better performance than new asphalt concrete in dynamic stability. Each quality property of the modified recycling asphalt concrete satisfied requirement of pavement construction specification.