C3, C4 의 Nephelometric 측정 경험

조병철 ( B C Cho ),검덕희 ( D H Kim ),김민숙 ( M S Kim ),서덕규 ( D K Seo ) 대한임상검사과학회 1990 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.22 No.1

RIA has been used to measure accurately a minute quantity of Ags, such as proteins. hormones, enzymes or drugs. However, due to the presence of a radication hazard and the increment of having to pool test specimens. RIA is gradually being replaced by other immunoassay that have a comparable sensitivity but do not require radiocative meterial. Turbidimetric immunoassay, latex immunoassay and fluorescence immunoassay are such examples. We at the department of clinical pathology, Asan medical center, compared CH 50 activity with C3 , C4 quantity by nephelometric method.

한우 비육에 관한 연구 1 . Methylthiouracil 첨가 및 Estradiol 17β - Cypionate 주사가 약령 모우 비육에 미치는 효과

김창기 ( C K Kim ),이택원 ( T W Lee ),김종욱 ( J W Kim ),배대식 ( D S Bae ),오선균 ( S K Oh ),조지훈 ( C H Cho ),김법회 ( B H Kim ),김상렬 ( S Y Kim ),배신석 ( S S Bae ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to affirm any effects of methylthiouracil and estradiol 17β-cypionate administered to young bulls for short term fattening. Eighteen bulls of Korean native breed, approximately 1.5 to 2 years of age and 260㎏ to 360㎏ in weight, were used in this study. All bulls had received a basal ration of soiling corn and concentrate made up of 55% grains, 40% brans and 5% others, in a period of 40 days. Bulls were divided into six groups as follows: group C was not treated, group M-2 received 2g of methylthiouracil per day, group M-3 received 3g of methylthiouracil per day, group EM-0 was injected intramusculary with 25㎎ of estradiol 17β-cypionate in the neck region 10 days after the beginning of the fattening period, group EM-2 was injected with estradiol 17β-cypionate as above mentioned and simultaneously received 2g of methylthiouracil per day, and group EM-3 was injected with estradiol 17β-cypionate as above mentioned and simultaneously received 3g of methylthiouracil per day. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The average daily gain was for group C: 0.83㎏, group M-2: 1.07㎏, group M-3: 1.40㎏, group EM-0, 0.93㎏, group EM-2: 0.95㎏, and group EM-3: 1.18㎏. The M-3 group gained significantly(P$lt;0.05) more weight than C and EM-0 group. There were no significant differences in the average daily gain between the groups injected with estradiol 17β-eypionate and the control group. 2. The average daily concentrate intake was as follows: group C: 5.47㎏, group M-2: 5.00㎏, group M-3: 4.52㎏, group EM-0: 5.21㎏, group EM-2: 4.35㎏, and group EM-3: 4.61㎏. The consumption of concentrate was decreased by 17% in the M-3 group compared with the C group. There was no significant difference in the soiling corn intake among these groups. 3. Feed consumed for 1㎏ gain were decreased by the supplementation of methylthiouracil. The consumption of DCP for 1㎏ gain was in group C: 0.82㎏, group M-2: 0.59㎏, group M-3: 0.41㎏, group EM-0: 0.70㎏, group EM-2: 0.59㎏, and group EM-3: 0.50㎏. The amounts of TDN required were; group C: 6.57㎏, group M-2: 4.76㎏, group M-3: 3.39㎏, group EM-0: 5.67㎏, group EM-Z: 4.87㎏, and group EM-3: 4.08㎏. The consumption of DCP and TDN for 1㎏ gain in the M-3 group was about a half of that in the C group. 4. There was not any significant difference in the increase in body measurements among the various groups. 5. The average margins in the fattening period of 40 days were for group C: 2,950won, group M-2: 5,327won, group M-3: 9,158won, group EM-0: 3,310won, group EM-2: 3,623won, and group EM-3: 5,575won. The margin of group M-3 was about three times higher than that of group C. In short, this experiment demonstrated that methylthiouracil when fed to young native Korean bulls at the proper level 40 days before slaughter would bring a noticeable effect on weight gain, feed efficiency and economic advantage. There were no advantages from the simultaneous injecting estradiol 17β-cypionate with methylthiouracil. The proper supplementation level of methylthiouracil would appear to be 3g per head per day in this experiment.

Cyclobuxine D의 토끼 적출 장관에 대한 작용

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김종배,김정목,김유재,김천숙,차영덕,김영석 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.1

Substrate specificity of a recombinant <small>D</small>-lyxose isomerase from <i>Serratia proteamaculans</i> that produces <small>D</small>-lyxose and <small>D</small>-mannose

Park, C.-S.,Yeom, S.-J.,Lim, Y.-R.,Kim, Y.-S.,Oh, D.-K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Letters in applied microbiology Vol.51 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims: </P><P>Characterization of substrate specificity of a <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose isomerase from <I>Serratia proteamaculans</I> and application of the enzyme in the production of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>The concentrations of monosaccharides were determined using a Bio-LC system. The activity of the recombinant protein from <I>Ser. proteamaculans</I> was the highest for <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose among aldoses, indicating that it is a <SMALL>D-</SMALL>lyxose isomerase. The native recombinant enzyme existed as a 54-kDa dimer, and the maximal activity for <SMALL>D-</SMALL>lyxose isomerization was observed at pH 7·5 and 40°C in the presence of 1 mmol l<SUP>−1</SUP> Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>. The <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> values for <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose, <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose, <SMALL>D</SMALL>-xylulose, and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-fructose were 13·3, 32·2, 3·83, and 19·4 mmol l<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. In 2 ml of reaction volume at pH 7·5 and 35°C, <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose was produced at 35% (w/v) from 50% (w/v) <SMALL>D</SMALL>-xylulose by the <SMALL>D-</SMALL>lyxose isomerase in 3 h, while <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose were produced at 10% (w/v) from 50% (w/v) <SMALL>D</SMALL>-fructose in 5 h.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>We identified the putative sugar isomerase from <I>Ser. proteamaculans</I> as a <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose isomerase. The enzyme exhibited isomerization activity for aldose substrates with the C2 and C3 hydroxyl groups in the left-hand configuration. High production rates of <SMALL>D-</SMALL>lyxose and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose by the enzyme were obtained.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>A new <SMALL>D-</SMALL>lyxose isomerase was found, and this enzyme had higher activity for <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose than previously reported enzymes. Thus, the enzyme can be applied in industrial production of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-lyxose and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-mannose.</P>

Effect of Feeding Cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) High Black Rice Bran on Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Measurements, Growth Performance and Pork Quality of Pigs

Kil, D.Y.,Ryu, S.N.,Piao, L.G.,Kong, C.S.,Han, S.J.,Kim, Y.Y Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.12

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) high black rice bran on nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality of pigs. In Exp. I, a total of fifteen pigs (19.91${\pm}$1.80 kg, average initial body weight) were used in assay of nutrient digestibility and blood measurements. All pigs were allotted to 5 treatments with 3 replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD) in an individual metabolic crate. Treatments included 1) CON: basal diet, 2) BRB-2: basal+brown rice bran 2%, 3) BRB-4: basal+brown rice bran 4%, 4) CRB-2: basal+C3G high black rice bran 2% and 5) CRB-4: basal+C3G high black rice bran 4%. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and crude fiber (CF) was not affected by dietary treatments. Serum triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not affected by addition of C3G high black rice bran. However, at the end of experiment, pigs fed rice bran showed decreased tendency in total cholesterol concentration. Especially pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed significantly lower total cholesterol concentration compared to pigs fed brown rice bran (p<0.03). There was numerically lower total cholesterol concentration with increasing levels of black rice bran in the diet. In terms of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), there were no significant differences among treatments, even though pigs fed CRB-4 showed the lowest GOT concentration compared to other pigs. In Exp. II, sixteen finishing pigs (average initial body weight 89.96${\pm}$0.35 kg) were divided into 4 treatments to investigate the effect of feeding C3G high black rice bran on growth performance and pork quality. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatments. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed numerical decrease in ADG and increase in FCR while not effecting feed intake. There was no significant difference in live weight, carcass weight, carcass rate, backfat thickness and carcass grade. However, pigs fed C3G high black rice bran tended to show lower backfat thickness than pigs fed basal diet. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed a tendency of decreased TBA value than pigs fed basal diet, although there was no overall significant difference among treatments. In conclusion, nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality were not significantly affected by feeding C3G high black rice bran to pigs. However, C3G high black rice bran might have an effect on lowering serum total cholesterol and decrease the TBA value in pork compared to control group and these effects might be due to high concentration of antioxidative compounds in C3G high black rice bran.

주성분 분석을 이용한 거세한우의 체형분류에 관한 연구

하동우,김현철,김병우,이문연,이종헌,신철교,도창희,이정규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

1997년부터 2001년까지 (사)한국종축개량협회의 전국한우능력평가대회에 출품된 642두의 거세한우의 도축 전까지 4회에 걸쳐 주요 10개 부위의 체형 측정치를 조사하여 주성분 분석을 이용하여 체형을 분류하였으며, 각 체형 측정치의 주성분 지수와 도체 형질과의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1차, 2차, 3차 및 4차 체형 측정치의 principal component(이하 P.C) 1의 분산은 각각 7.610, 8.297, 7.269 및 5.736로서 전체분산 중 76.0%, 83.0%, 72.7% 및 57.4%를 나타낼 수 있었고, P.C 1, P.C 2, P.C 3의 합은 전체분산 중 각각 86.69%, 90.49%, 84.62% 및 77.26%를 나타났다. 2. 각 차수별 체형 측정치의 P.C 1의 모든 계수가 양(+)이어서 일반적으로 좋은 체구의 크기를 나타내었으며, 체구의 크기에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 형질은 흉심(0.328∼0.339)과 요각폭(0.325∼0.341)이였다. 또한 P.C 2, P.C 3 및 P.C 4는 각 차수별로 다양하게 나타났다. 3. 1차, 2차, 3차 및 4차 체형 측정치의 주성분 지수들과 도체형질간의 상관계수 추정에서 대부분의 분산을 차지하는 P.C 1은 도체중(0.539∼0.755), 일당증체량(0.256∼0.564), 등지방두께(0.227∼0.280) 및 배최장근단면적(0.187∼0.344)간에 정(+)의 상관을 보였으며, 육량지수(-0.246∼-0.110)와는 부(-)의 상관을 보였고, 근내지방도(0.066∼0.099)와는 대부분 유의적인 상관을 보이지 않거나 낮은 상관을 보였고, P.C 2, P.C 3 및 P.C 4는 주성분 지수들의 값에 따라 도체형질과 다양한 상관관계를 보였다. 단일 체형형질과 도체형질간의 상관 그리고 P.C 1의 주성분 지수와 도체형질과의 상관간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Data were consisted of the ten body measurements (withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump width, rump length, thurls width, hipbone width and chest girth) of 642 steers (Korean cattle), which was entered in the National Beef Quality Contest hosted by the Korea Animal Improvement Association from 1997 to 2001. A principal components analysis was used to classify the body types of the steers, and estimate the correlations between carcass traits and principal components for the body measurements of the first, second, third and fourth period, respectively. The first principal component of body measurements at the first, second, third and fourth period accounted for 76.0%, 83.0%, 72.7% and 57.4% of the total variance, respectively. The sum of first, second and third principal component at each period accounted for 86.69%, 90.49%, 84.62% and 77.26% of the total variance, respectively. At each period, all the first principal component of the body measurements were positive and it generally showed large framed body shape. The size of body was influenced mostly by chest depth(0.328∼0.339) and rump length(0.325∼0.341). The second, third and fourth principal component at the each period were various. There were positive correlations between principal components index of each period and carcass traits such as carcass weight(0.539∼0.755), average daily gain(0.256∼0.564), backfat thickness(0.227∼0.280), and eye muscle area(0.187∼0.344). The correlation with yield grade index(-0.246∼-0.110), however, was negative. The correlation with marbling score(0.066∼0.099) was low or statistically insignificant. According to principal component indexes of the second, third, and fourth components, the correlations with the carcass traits were various. There were no large differences between the correlations of the single body measurement trait with the carcass traits and the correlations of the first principal component indexes with the carcass traits.

Shewanella marina sp. nov., isolated from seawater

Park, S. C.,Baik, K. S.,Kim, M. S.,Kim, D.,Seong, C. N. Microbiology Society 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.8

<P>A motile, rod-shaped, pale-brown-pigmented bacterium, designated strain C4T, was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1omega7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH; 19.4%), C16:0 (16.3%), C17:1omega8c (9.5%) and iso-C15:0 (7.7%). The DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C4T formed a lineage within the genus Shewanella (92.7-96.1% sequence similarity to representative strains of the genus Shewanella) and was part of a distinct branch with the clade comprising Shewanella haliotis DW01T and Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T. Phenotypic characteristics enabled strain C4T to be distinguished from S. haliotis and S. algae. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain C4T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C4T (=KCTC 22185T=JCM 15074T).</P>

Ethanol extract of Prunus mume fruit attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 activation in C2C12 myoblasts

Kang, J.S.,Kim, D.J.,Kim, G.Y.,Cha, H.J.,Kim, S.,Kim, H.S.,Park, C.,Hwang, H.J.,Kim, B.W.,Kim, C.M.,Choi, Y.H. Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2016 Revista brasileira de farmacognosia Vol.26 No.2

<P>The fruit of the Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Rosaceae (Korean name: Maesil) has long been used as a health food or valuable medicinal material in traditional herb medicine in Southeast Asian countries. In this study, we determined the potential therapeutic efficacy of the ethanol extract of P. mume fruits (EEPM) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the murine skeletal muscle myoblast cell line C2C12, and sought to understand the associated molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that exposure of C2C12 cells to H2O2 caused a reduction in cell viability by increasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and by disrupting mitochondrial membrane permeability, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. However, pretreatment of the cells with EEPM before H2O2 exposure effectively attenuated these changes, suggesting that EEPM prevented H2O2-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased ex-pression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II antioxidant enzyme, were detected in EEPM-treated C2C12 cells. We also found that zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, attenuated the protective effects of EEPM against H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results indicate that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway might be involved in the protection of EEPM against H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage. In conclusion, these results show that EEPM contributes to the prevention of oxidative damage and could be used as a nutritional agent for oxidative stress-related diseases. (C) 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.</P>

아마씨의 급여가 착유우의 영양소 소화율 , 유생산성 및 유지방내 지방산조성에 미치는 영향

정태영(T . Y . Chung),송만강(M . K . Song),문철성(C . S . Moon),김종민(C . M . Kim),김동일(D . I . Kim),심정석(J . S . Sim) 한국영양사료학회 1996 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.20 No.5

산란계 사료내 CLA 함유 Oil (CLAzen 80) 첨가가 난황내 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

황보종,장종수,정일병,이병석,김동운,조성백,김희도,배해득,손진혁,홍의철,최낙진,Hwangbo J.,Chang J. S.,Chung I. B.,Lee B. S.,Kim D. U.,Cho S. B.,Kim H. D.,Bae H. D.,Son J. H.,Hong U. C.,Choi N. J. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 oil 형태의 conjugated linoleic acid(CLAzen 80)를 산란계 사료에 수준별로 첨가 급여하였을 때 산란율과 난황내 지방산 조성의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 59주령의 산란계 72수를 완전임의배치법으로 4개 처리구에 6주간 공시하였다. 처리구는 CLAzen 80를 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 각각 1, 2 및 $3\%$를 첨가구를 두었다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 산란율은 처리구별 통계적 유의차가 없었지만, 난황내 지방산 조성은 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하게 크게 영향을 받았다. 난황내 C16:0과 C18:0과 같은 포화 지방산 함량은 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하여 증가하였으나, 일가불포화지방산인 C18:1 함량은 오히려 감소하였다. 한편, 난황내 C18:2와 C18:3와 같은 다가불포화지방산은 CLAzen 80 급여 2$\~$4주사이에는 모든처리구들에 있어서 그 함량이 일정하게 유지되었다. 그러나, 대조구와 비교하여 CLAzen 80 급여 6주 째에는 난황내 C18:2 함량이 감소하였다. 불포화지방산:포화지방산 비율과 n-6:n-3 불포화지방산 비율은 2$\~$4주 사이에는 처리구별간에 통계적 유의차가 없었고, 6주째 불포화지방산:포화지방산 비율이 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하여 감소하였다. 한편, 난황내 CLA 함량은 CLAzen 80 첨가수준에 비례하여 증가하였다. 따라서, 산란계 사료 내 CLAzen 80 첨가는 난황내 CLA 함량을 증진시키는 것으로 요약할 수 있다. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of varying levels of dietary oil containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the egg production and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Seventy-two 59-wk-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, each consisting of three replicates with six birds per replicate. There were four treatments that consist of diets containing 0, 1, 2, or $3\%$ commercial CLA-containing oil. Egg production was not significantly different among the dietary treatments at 0, 2, 4, and 6 week. The proportion of saturated fatty acids such as C16:0 and C18:0 in egg yolk were increased, but that of monounsaturated fatty acid C18:1 was decreased by feeding CLA-containing oil supplementation. However, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C18:2 and C18:3 in egg yolk were not different among dietary treatments at 2 and 4 wk of the experiment. At 6 week, the proportion of C18:2 in egg yolk was decreased by feeding CLA-containing oil compared with the control. Polyunsaturated fatty acid:saturated fatty acid (P:S) ratio and n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio were similar across the treatments between 2 and 4 week. The P:S ratio was decreased by dietary CLA-containing oil supplementation at 6 week. The proportion of CLA in egg yolk was linearly increased with increasing levels of CLA-containing oil supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA-containing oil to laying hens increased beneficially increased CLA content in their egg yolk.