Effects of Type of Oilseed and Level of Concentrate on Fermentation, Biohydrogenation of Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production in a Rumen-Simulated Continuous Culture System

Choi, N. J. 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.4

본 연구는 사료 내 농후사료의 비율을 높임으로서 불포화 지방산의 반추위 내 by-pass율의 향상 가능성을 조사하고, 아마종실과 전지대두 급여 시 CLA 생산을 상호 비교하기 위하여 연속배양장치를 이용하여 수행하였다. 지방 급원에 따른 발효 성상의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 한편 사료 내 농후사료 비율이 높은 (80%) 처리구는 농후사료 비율이 낮은 (40%) 처리구와 비교하여 pH는 감소하였으나, 암모니아, 총 휘발성 지방산, acetate, butyrate 및 valerate 농도가 증가되었다. 지방급원 (전지대두 vs 아마종실)과 사료 내 농후사료 비율은 organic matter(OM), total nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) 및 acid detergent fiber (ADF)의 소화율에 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 반면에 전지대두는 아마종실과 비교하여 trans C18:1, C18:2 n-6 및 C18:3 n-3 유출율은 증가시켰다. 지방 급원에 의한 CLA flow는 영향을 받지 않았으나 사료내 농후사료 비율이 높을 때와 전지대두와 아마종실의 함량이 높았을 때는 증가되었다. 수소 첨가현상은 C18:1 n-9 와 C18:2 n-6에서 지방 급원에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나, 아마종실 처리구에서는 C18:3 n-3 과 총 C18 불포화지방산의 수소 첨가현상이 전지대두 처리구와 비교하여 높은 비율로 발생했다. 한편 사료내 농후사료 비율이 높을 때 처리구에서 C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3 및 총 C18 불포화 지방산의 수소 첨가현상은 농후사료 저 처리구와 비교하여 감소되었다. This experiment employed a rumen simulated continuous culture system to examine the possibility of improving the rumen bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using a high proportion of concentrate in feed, and compared soya an linseed in terms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. NO effect of type of fat source was observed on ruminal fermentation. A high proportion of concentrate (80%) in the feed decreased (P<0.001) vessel ? but increased (P<0.01) ammonia nitrogen, total VFA, acetate, butyrate and valerate concentrations compared with a low proportion (40%). Fat sources (soya vs. linseed) and concentrate ratio in the feed did not affect digestibilities of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Soya incerased the flows of trans C18:1, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 compared with linseed. The difference in fat source alone did not affect the flow of CLA but this was increased when high levels of soya and linseed were associated with a high proportion of concentrate in the fee. There was no effect of fat source on biohydrogenation of C18:1 n-9 and C18:2 n-6, but biohydrogenation of C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA was higher with the linseed than with the soya treatment. A high proportion of concentrate decreased biohydrogenation of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA compared with a low proportion.

Direct analysis of site-specific N-glycopeptides of serological proteins in dried blood spot samples

Choi, N. Y.,Hwang, H.,Ji, E. S.,Park, G. W.,Lee, J. Y.,Lee, H. K.,Kim, J. Y.,Yoo, J. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Vol.409 No.21

<P>Dried blood spot (DBS) samples have a number of advantages, especially with respect to ease of collection, transportation, and storage and to reduce biohazard risk. N-glycosylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins in human blood that is related to a variety of biological functions, including metastasis, cell-cell interactions, inflammation, and immunization. Here, we directly analyzed tryptic N-glycopeptides from glycoproteins in DBS samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without centrifugation of blood samples, depletion of major proteins, desalting of tryptic peptides, and enrichment of N-glycopeptides. Using this simple method, we identified a total of 41 site-specific N-glycopeptides from 16 glycoproteins in the DBS samples, from immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG-1, 10 mg/mL) down to complement component C7 (50 mu g/mL). Of these, 32 N-glycopeptides from 14 glycoproteins were consistently quantified over 180 days stored at room temperature. The major abundant glycoproteins in the DBS samples were IgG-1 and IgG-2, which contain nine asialo-fucosylated complex types of 16 different N-glycopeptide isoforms. Sialo-non-fucosylated complex types were primarily detected in the other glycoproteins such as alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, 2, alpha-1-antitypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, Ig alpha 1, 2 chain C region, kininogen-1, prothrombin, and serotransferrin. We first report the characterization of site-specific N-glycoproteins in DBS samples by LC-MS/MS with minimal sample preparation.</P>

Effect of N₂O-mediated calcination on nickel species and the catalytic activity of nickel catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃ in the steam reforming of glycerol

Choi, Y.,Kim, N.D.,Baek, J.,Kim, W.,Lee, H.J.,Yi, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.36 No.6

The steam reforming of glycerol over supported nickel catalysts is a promising and cost-effective method for producing hydrogen. The activity of nickel catalysts supported on γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> is low, primarily due to the formation of inactive nickel species during high temperature calcination in air. In order to address this problem, a Ni/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> catalyst was prepared by calcination at 700 <SUP>o</SUP>C in a nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O) environment. The N<SUB>2</SUB>O calcined catalyst showed an enhanced activity for the steam reforming of glycerol. A variety of characterization techniques (XRD, TPR, XPS and H<SUB>2</SUB> Chemisorption) confirmed that the high temperature N<SUB>2</SUB>O calcination resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of nickel aluminate. The N<SUB>2</SUB>O calcination also led to an enhancement in the amount of NiO as well as nickel ions present on the surface of the catalyst. Interestingly, compared to an air calcined catalyst, the N<SUB>2</SUB>O calcined catalyst contained larger nickel particles after reduction but the N<SUB>2</SUB>O calcined catalyst had a much larger nickel surface area and dispersion, which resulted in higher glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield.

Effects of the novel angiotensin II receptor type I antagonist, fimasartan on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Han, J.,Park, S.J.,Thu, V.T.,Lee, S.R.,Long, L.T.,Kim, H.K.,Kim, N.,Park, S.W.,Jeon, E.S.,Kim, E.J.,Yoon, C.H.,Cho, G.Y.,Choi, D.J. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.168 No.3

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of fimasartan, a newly developed angiotensin II receptor type I blocker (ARB), against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to identify the mechanism by which it reduces mitochondrial damage. Methods: Fimasartan was administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley rats (3mg/kg), cardiomyocytes (50μM), and H9c2 cells (50μM) before ischemia or hypoxia. Myocardial infarction (MI), echocardiograms, DNA fragmentation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP in situ nick-end labeling, immunoblotting, oxygen consumption, confocal microscopic appearance, and L-type Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> current (I<SUB>Ca,L</SUB>) were then assessed. Results: Fimasartan pretreatment remarkably reduced the rate of MI and improved cardiac performance well after I/R (n=9/group). Fimasartan also reduced apoptotic cell death both in vivo and in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated H9c2 cells (n=5~8/group). H/R-induced mitochondrial O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> production and collapse of membrane potential were markedly attenuated in fimasartan-treated cardiomyocytes (n=4~6/group). Additionally, mitochondrial Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload during reoxygenation was suppressed by fimasartan (n=4~6/group), and this was found to be possibly related to the inhibition of I<SUB>Ca,L</SUB> and mitochondrial Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> uniporter. Furthermore, fimasartan pretreatment increased phosphorylations of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (n=5~7/group), decreased pro-apoptotic p53 levels, and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels (n=4) during reperfusion. Conclusions: Fimasartan preconditioning has the potential to modulate Bcl-2 and suppress I/R-induced Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload by inhibiting I<SUB>Ca,L</SUB> and MCU. These beneficial effects could prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis accompanied by I/R.

Impact of low dose atorvastatin on development of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Asian population: Three-year clinical outcomes

Park, J.Y.,Rha, S.W.,Choi, B.,Choi, J.W.,Ryu, S.K.,Kim, S.,Noh, Y.K.,Choi, S.Y.,Akkala, R.G.,Li, H.,Ali, J.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Lee, J.J.,Lee, G.N.,Kim, J.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: High dose atorvastatin is known to be associated with new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in patients with high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, low dose atorvastatin is more commonly used as compared with high dose atorvastatin. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of low dose atorvastatin (LDA, 10mg or 20mg) on the development of NODM up to three years in Asian patients. Methods: From January 2004 to September 2009, we investigated a total of 3566 patients who did not have DM. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. After PSM (C-statistics: 0.851), a total of 818 patients (LDA group, n=409 patients and control group, n=409 patients) were enrolled for analysis. Results: Before PSM, the cumulative incidence of NODM (5.8% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.5% vs. 0.1%, p-value=0.007), and major adverse cardio-cerebral event (MACCE, 1.8% vs. 0.7%, p-value=0.012) at three-years were higher in the LAD group. However, after PSM, there was a trend toward higher incidence of NODM (5.9% vs. 3.2%, p=0.064) in the LDA group, but the incidence of MACCE (1.2% vs. 1.5%, p-value=1.000) was similar between the two groups. In multivariable analysis, the LDA administration was tended to be an independent predictor of NODM (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98, p-value 0.050). Conclusions: In this study, the use of LDA tended to be a risk factor for NODM in Asian patients and reduced clinical events similar to the control group. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials will be needed to get the final conclusion.

Age-related differences in virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound findings in patients with coronary artery disease

Hong, Y.J.,Jeong, M.H.,Choi, Y.H.,Ma, E.H.,Ko, J.S.,Lee, M.G.,Park, K.H.,Sim, D.S.,Yoon, N.S.,Youn, H.J.,Kim, K.H.,Park, H.W.,Kim, J.H.,Ahn, Y.,Cho, J.G.,Park, J.C.,Kang, J.C. Japanese College of Cardiology 2010 Journal of cardiology Vol.55 No.2

Background: We assessed the age-related differences in pre-intervention virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) findings at target lesion sites in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: A total of 553 patients who underwent pre-intervention VH-IVUS imaging were grouped according to age: non-elderly (@?70 years, n=429) and elderly (>70 years, n=124); 191 had stable angina and 362 acute coronary syndrome. VH-IVUS classified the tissue into: fibrotic, fibro-fatty, dense calcium (DC), and necrotic core (NC). Results: Overall, the absolute and percent volumes of DC (11.0+/-11.0mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 9.7+/-11.9mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.033; 11.7+/-8.1% vs. 9.8+/-7.2%, P=0.014, respectively) and NC (18.5+/-17.6mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 16.6+/-18.9mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.020; 18.8+/-8.8% vs. 16.5+/-9.3%, P=0.026, respectively) were significantly greater in the elderly than in the non-elderly. In stable angina patients, the absolute and percent volumes of DC (10.4+/-9.9mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 7.2+/-7.6mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.022; 13.4+/-10.0% vs. 9.2+/-6.5%, P=0.011, respectively) and NC (14.8+/-11.2mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 12.0+/-11.9mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.035; 19.6+/-8.8% vs. 15.5+/-8.4%, P=0.006, respectively) were significantly greater in the elderly. However, in acute coronary syndrome patients, there were no significant differences in absolute and percent volumes of DC (11.4+/-11.6mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 10.9+/-13.4mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.8; 10.7+/-6.5% vs. 10.1+/-7.5%, P=0.5, respectively) and NC (24.1+/-20.3mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 23.9+/-21.2mm<SUP>3</SUP>, P=0.9; 22.0+/-8.8% vs. 21.3+/-9.6%, P=0.6, respectively) between the elderly and non-elderly groups. Myocardial infarction (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.45-4.12, P=0.003), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.30-3.53, P=0.009), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-2.45, P=0.042), but not age, were independent predictors of percent NC volume >20% in lesion site. Conclusions: Myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but not age, were associated with NC-rich lesions. Clinical presentation, risk factors, and inflammatory status, but not age, are important factors for plaque components.

Electrical properties of a Cu-germanide Schottky contact to n-type Ge depending on its microstructural evolution driven by rapid thermal annealing

Janardhanam, V.,Jyothi, I.,Lee, J.H.,Yun, H.J.,Won, J.,Lee, Y.B.,Lee, S.N.,Choi, C.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.632 No.-

The electrical properties of Cu-germanide(Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge)/n-type Ge Schottky contacts formed as a result of a solid state reaction between Cu and n-type Ge were investigated as a function of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature and correlated with its microstructural evolution driven by the RTA process. The variations of the barrier height of Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge/n-type Ge Schottky rectifiers caused by the RTA process were determined using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) methods. The Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge film formed after annealing at 400<SUP>o</SUP>C exhibited a relatively uniform surface and interface morphology. This led to the formation of a laterally homogenous Schottky barrier in the Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge/n-type Ge Schottky diode, resulting in an improvement of its rectifying I-V behavior. On the other hand, after annealing above 500<SUP>o</SUP>C, the Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge film was severely agglomerated without film continuity and eventually evolved into isolated islands at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C. Such structural degradation of Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge led to a rapid decrease in the barrier height and an increase in the reverse leakage current of the Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge/n-type Ge Schottky diode. The electric field dependence of the reverse current showed that the reverse leakage current in the Cu<SUB>3</SUB>Ge/n-type Ge Schottky diodes was dominated by a Poole-Frenkel emission mechanism, regardless of the RTA temperatures.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of galangin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia: Critical role of PPAR-γ signaling pathway

Choi, M.J.,Lee, E.J.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.N.,Park, E.M.,Kim, H.S. Pergamon Press 2017 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.144 No.-

Since microglia-associated neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, controlling microglial activation has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) in microglia and analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms. Galangin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Galangin also suppressed microglial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in LPS-injected mouse brains. The results of mechanistic studies have shown that galangin inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. On the contrary, galangin increased the activity of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, known to play an anti-inflammatory role. In addition, galangin showed antioxidant effects by suppressing the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p47<SUP>phox</SUP> and gp91<SUP>phox</SUP>, and by enhancing hemeoxygenase-1. We then investigated whether PPAR-γ was involved in the anti-inflammatory function of galangin. Pretreatment with a PPAR-γ antagonist or siRNA significantly blocked galangin-mediated upregulation of IL-10 and attenuated the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated microglia. Moreover, the PPAR-γ antagonist reversed the effects of galangin on NF-κB, Nrf2, and CREB. Altogether, our data suggest that PPAR-γ plays a key role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin by modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/CREB signaling pathways.

Speciation and source identification of organic compounds in PM₁₀ over Seoul, South Korea

Choi, N.R.,Lee, S.P.,Lee, J.Y.,Jung, C.H.,Kim, Y.P. Pergamon Press 2016 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.144 No.-

Seventy three individual organic compounds in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal 10 μm (PM<SUB>10</SUB>) over Seoul were identified and quantified from April 2010 to April 2011 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These organic compounds were classified into five groups, n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mono-carboxylic acids, di-carboxylic acids (DCAs), and sugars based on their chemical structures and properties. The organic compounds showed higher seasonal average concentrations from fall to winter than from spring to summer due to source strength, except some organic compounds among mono-carboxylic acids, DCAs, sugars such as undecanoic acid, methylmalonic acid, and fructose. Through qualitative data analysis using seasonal concentration variations and relevant diagnostic parameters, it was found that (1) anthropogenic sources such as combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning attributed more to the formation of the organic aerosols than biogenic sources, and (2) the ambient level of n-alkanes, PAHs, and some compounds of DCAs and sugars was elevated in winter due to the increased primary emissions and larger transport from outside of the organic compounds in winter.

열처리 단백질-광물질 복합제제 첨가가 In Vitro 발효성상과 착유우의 유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향

최낙진,배귀석,남경표,장문백,엄재상,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5

본 연구의 in vitro 실험결과를 살펴보면, 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 생성량은 전 배양시간 동안 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate 생성량은 12 h에서 HPM을 0.2%, 1% 첨가한 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하는 경향이 있었으나, 2% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소되었고, 48 h 에서는 HPM 첨가한 세 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 다른 배양시간대에서는 처리구간 통계적 유의차는 발견되지 않았다. A/P ratio 경우에도 처리구간 유의차는 없었다. 총 gas 생성량은 배양시간 24 h과 48 h에 HPM 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 한편 사양실험은 열처리된 단백질 (대두박)과 광물질의 복합 제제 (HPM)가 젖소의 유생산량과 유성분에 끼치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었는데 그 결과를 요약하면, 유생산량은 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 하루에 약 1㎏ 정도 더 높았고 (27. 7 vs 28.8 ㎏/d, P<0.001), 4% FCM 생성량 또한 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때 HPM 시험구에서 1.3㎏/d 이 더 높았다 (P<0.001). 유단백 (P<0.05)과 SNF (P<0.05)도 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 그 생산량이 증가되었다. 반면에, 유지방, MUN과 체세포수는 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, HPM 첨가에 의한 반추위 발효 저해현상은 없었으며, HPM 내 함유되어 있는 열처리된 단백질과 광물질의 결합체와 잔여 광물질이 반추위 내 단백질과 결합하여 단백질 분해 속도를 지연시킴으로써, 단백질의 by-pass율을 증가시켜, 유생산량 증가와 유질을 개선 (유단백질, SNF 함량 증가 등) 하는 등 젖소의 생산성을 향상시킨 것으로 요약할 수 있다. This study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted to determine the effects of feeding heat treated protein and mineral complex (HPM) on milk production and composition, and ruminal fermentation of Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro experiment, HPM levels were 0, 0.2, 1 and 2%, and Timothy hay, which was substrate, was milled as 1 ㎜ size, and the effect of HPM on pH and ammonia and VFA were analyzed after incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The pH and ammonia production were not significantly different between treatments during the incubation. In addition, generally, total VFA and individual VFA were not affected by HPM on 0, 6 and 24 h. While, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in 0.2% and 1% of HPM supplemented treatments, but decreased in 2% of HPM treatment compared with control on 12 h. On 48 h, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in HMP treatment compared to control(P<0.05). However, A/P ratio was not affected by HPM supplementation. Gas production was higher in HPM treatment compared to control on 24 h (P<0.05) and 48 h (P<0.05). In lactating experiment, fourteen lactating Holstein cows were used for 4 months in a cross over experimental design. There were two treatment; no added HPM as a control and 0.2% of HPM added as a test treatment. Daily milk yield (P<0.001), 4% FCM (P<0.001), milk protein (P<0.05) and SNF (solid not fat; P<0.05) were increased in HPM treatment compared to control. While, milk fat, MUN (milk urea nitrogen) and SCC (somatic cell count) were not significantly different between treatments.