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R-12 냉매용 냉동장치의 성능에 미치는 R-12와 R-134a 냉매의 효과
이홍기(Lee Hong Gee),장동호(Jang Dong Ho),정용진(Jung Yong Jin),강형석(Kang Hyung Suk) 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1
High pressure, pressure ratio, refrigerating effect, heat transfer from the condenser and the power of the compressor etc. of a self-made refrigeration equipment for R-12 are investigated when R-12 and R-134a are used as the coolants. The comparison between the performance for R-12 and that for R-134a is made. As a result, R-134a is better than R-12 in the view of high pressure, refrigerating effect and the coefficient of performance and vice versa in the view of pressure ratio, exit gas temperature from the compressor and heat transfer from the condenser.
사회과학 연구에 있어 인터넷 및 상업용 통신망을 이용한 전자설문 조사방법의 활용
홍용기,이홍기,채수경,Hong Yong-Gee,Lee Hong-Gee,Chae Su-Kyung 대한경영정보학회 1999 경영과 정보연구 Vol.3 No.-
Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey res
박훤겸,정파종,남영수,백홍규,이홍기,이흥우,조석주,김상우,이광수,Hwon Kyum Park,M,D,Pa Jong Jung,M,D,Young Soo Nam,M,D,Hong Kyu Baik,M,D,Hong Gee Lee,M,D,Heung Woo Lee,M,D,Seog Ju Cho,M,D,Sang Woo Kim,M,D,and Kwang Soo Lee,M,D 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.2
Purpose: The laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has become the preferred procedure for adrenal tumors due to many advantages; a more rapid and comfortable recovery, shortened hospitalization period, and fewer complications. This study reports on an initial 4 year period of experience with LA and describes various unusual findings encountered during the treatment. Methods: From February 1997 to November 2000, a total of 20 LA were performed. Of the several LA techniques previously described we prefer the transabdominal approach in the lateral decubitus position utilizing 3 or 4 trocars, and this method was employed in all the cases presented here. Results: All 20 patients had a unilateral tumor. The pathological findings consisted of 11 aldosteronomas, 6 Cushing adenomas, 2 pheochromocytomas and 1 cortical carcinoma. Of the 20 patients, 18 were successfully operated with the laparoscopic procedure and the remaining 2 cases were converted to open adrenalectomy. The reasons for conversion were sudden cardiac arrest of unknown origin in one and intraoperative bleeding due to periadrenal massive fat in the other. During LA, 2 patients with non-catecholamine- secreting cortical adenomas pathologies displayed abnormal EKG findings, which reverted to normal after the operation. The average complete LA operation times was 186 minutes in the first 9 cases and 132 minutes in the next 9 cases. The first oral intake was started within 24 hours in all cases. There were no postoperative complications, operative morbidity or mortality. The average hospital stay was 6.2 days in the first 9 cases and 4.2 days in the next 9 cases. Conclusion: LA is a relatively fast and safe method and has become is accepted as the preferred procedure for adrenal tumors but it requires good perioperative preparation. Surgeons and anesthesiologists need to be aware of the possible cardiovascular complications and of the problems inherent in the manipulation of the adrenal gland during LA. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:161-165)
용역형 CM계약방식에 따른 발주자 업무프로세스 모형화 연구
강인석(Kang Leen-Seok),이홍기(Lee Hong-Gee),이우식(Lee Woo-Sik) 대한건축학회 2004 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.20 No.2
Recently, CM (Construction Management) contract system is being generalized in domestic construction projects. But the CM contract system still has many problems when it is applied to a large construction project. To overcome the limitation of these problems, the stakeholder of CM contract should have a clear definition of the several CM services including detailed CM tasks and the basic roles of owner. Especially, because the owner is a main body in the contract type of CM-for-fee and our government introduces CM-for-fee type as a typical CM contract, it is important to set up the basic owner's services in the CM-for-fee contract. This study suggests a business process model for owner's CM services based on the representative CM documents by CMAA and the other documents from a practical CM contract in Korea. The results of this study are expected to be a practical decision making tool for the effective owner's CM service because the suggested process model is focused at the detailed CM tasks from the position of owner and it is analyzed by a simplified process modeling technique for representing the relationship between processes.
면역저하 환자에서 발생한 폐침윤에서 기관지내시경과 수술적 폐생검의 유용성
박상준 ( Sang Joon Park ),강수정 ( Soo Jung Kang ),고영민 ( Young Min Koh ),서지영 ( Gee Young Suh ),김호중 ( Ho Joong Kim ),권오정 ( O Jung Kwon ),이홍기 ( Hong Ghi Lee ),이종헌 ( Chong H. Rhee ),정만표 ( Man Pyo Chung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1999 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.47 No.2
박병권(Byung-Kwon Park),임종환(Jong-Hwan Lim),황윤환(Youn-Hwan Hwang),김명석(Myung-Seok Kim),송인배(In-Bae Song),이홍기(Hong-Gee Lee),한성진(Sung-Jin Han),황미현(Mi-Hyun Hwang),김종우(Jong-Woo Kim),이만휘(Man-Hee Rhee),박승춘(Seong-C 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4
This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of surfactin C in mice. Surfactin C was administered orally at does of 0, 381, 610, 977, 1562 and 2500 ㎎/㎏. Number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights, feed and water consumptions, and biochemical examinations were investigated for 14 days after single oral administration of surfactin C. LD?? value was over 2500 ㎎/㎏ in mice. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, hematology, serum chemistry, feed and water consumptions. The results indicate that surfactin C did not show any toxic effects at 2500 ㎎/㎏ in mice.