증례 : 내분비-대사; 갑상선암과 자궁내막암에서 동시에 전이된 경부림프절에 관한 증례

박경선 ( Kyeong Seon Park ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),홍아람 ( A Ram Hong ),김영기 ( Yeong Gi Kim ),문재훈 ( Jae Hoon Moon ),박영주 ( Young Joo Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

A 54-year-old woman presenting with dizziness was diagnosed with a metastatic brain tumor. Imaging studies to identify the primary cancer revealed endometrial thickening with a left adnexal mass, enlarged bilateral external iliac lymph nodes, and multiple attenuated nodules in both lobes of the thyroid gland with enlarged central neck nodes. After curettage of the uterine endometrium and ultrasonography-guided gun biopsy of the thyroid gland to confirm uterine and thyroid cancers, respectively, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and total thyroidectomy with bilateral central neck dissection were performed. Histopathologic examination of the removed tissues demonstrated both endometrial carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid gland and primary thyroid cancer with synchronous central neck node metastasis originating in the endometrium and thyroid. Three of the four right central lymph nodes were positive for metastatic papillary carcinoma; on the other hand, the remaining right central lymph node and one of the two left central lymph nodes were confirmed to be positive for metastatic endometrial carcinoma.

대전시 공공하수처리시설 유입수 수질자료의 통계적 특성 및 추계학적 모의

박기정 ( Gi Jung Park ),정민재 ( Min Jae Jung ),이한샘 ( Han Saem Lee ),김덕우 ( Deok Woo Kim ),윤재영 ( Jae Yong Yoon ),백경록 ( Kyung Rock Paik ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In this study, we analyze statistical characteristics of influent water quality in Daejeon waste water treatment plant and apply a stochastic model for data generation. In the analysis, the influent water quality data from year 2003 to 2008, except for year 2006, are used. Among water quality variables, we find strong correlations between BOD and T-N; T-N and T-P; BOD and T-P; CODMn and T-P; and BOD and CODMn. We also find that different water quality variables follow different theoretical probability distribution functions, which also depends on whether the seasonal cycle is removed. Finally, we generate the influent water quality data using the multi-season 1st Markov model (Thomas-Fiering model). With model parameters calibrated for the period 2003~2005, the generated data for 2007~2008 are well compared with observed data showing good agreement in general. BOD and T-N are underestimated by the stochastic model. This is mainly due to the statistical difference in observed data itself between two periods of 2003~2005 and 2007~2008. Therefore, we expect the stochastic model can be applied with more confidence in the case that the data follows stationary pattern.

LR-WPAN에서 비주기적 전송 패턴을 갖는 임펄스 기반의 TOA 추정 기법

박운용(Woon-Yong Park),박철웅(Cheol-Ung Park),홍윤기(Yun-Gi Hong),최성수(Sungsoo Choi),이원철(Won-Cheol Lee) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.4A

최근 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4a TG (Task Group)에서는 저소비, 저전력 뿐만 아니라 다수개의 피코넷이 공존하는 즉, SOPs (simultaneously operating piconets) 환경하에서 거리 인지가 가능하도록 규정하고 있으며 거리인지 (ranging)의 서비스에 따라 Ternary 코드를 이용한 coherent/non-coherent 방안이 표준으로 채택되었다. 그러나 표준안에서 제시된 최소의 펄스 간 간격(Pulse Repetition Interval; PRI)은 채널의 최대 초과 지연(Maximum Excess Delay; MED) 보다 좁아 펄스 간 간섭 (Inter-Pulse Interference; IPI) 문제가 발생되어 DS(Direct Sequence) 기반의 추정기법으로는 부정확한 최초 도착 시간(Time Of Arrival; TOA)을 얻게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IPI을 줄이면서 고정밀 TOA를 추정하기 위한 비주기적 펄스 전송 (non-periodic transmission; NPT) 패턴 기법을 제안한다. 수신단은 저속 무선 개인 영역 네트워크의 모티브를 고려하여 에너지 검출을 이용한 non-coherent 기반의 수신 구조로 구성하였다. TOA 정보는 슬라이딩 상관처리 후 역 탐색 구간 (Search Back Window; SBW)을 두어 오차를 감소시키고 사전 정해진 임계치를 이용하여 얻기 된다. 제안된 펄스 패턴 기법에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위해서 IEEE 802.15.4a TG에서 제시한 두 가지 채널 모델을 적용하였고 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 제안된 기법이 다수개의 피코넷이 공존하는 다중 경로 환경에서 일반적인 기법보다 성능이 개선됨을 확인하였다. Recently Task Group (TG) 4 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15a has been recommended a system with ranging capability in existence of multiple Simultaneous operating piconets (SOPs) as well as low-cost, low-power. According to the ranging service, coherent and non-coherent based ranging schemes using ternary code have been adopted as a standard. However it is hard to estimate an accurate time of arrival (TOA) in case of using direct sequence based TOA estimation method because pulse repetition interval (PRI) offered by TG is more limited than the maximum excess delay (MED) of channel. To mitigate inter pulse interference (IPI) problem, this paper proposes a non-coherent TOA estimation scheme using non-periodic transmission (NPT) pattern. The proposed receiver is based on a non-coherent energy detection considering with motivation of low rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN). TOA information is estimated via proper comparison with a prescribed threshold after the sliding correlation and search back window (SBW) process for reducing TOA error. To verify the performance of proposed ranging scheme, two distinct channel models approved by IEEE 802.15.4a TG are considered. According to the simulation results, we could conclude that the proposed scheme have performed better performance than the conventional method on the existence of multiple SOPs.

언어 학습전략의 연구에 관한 고찰

박기표 ( Gi Pyo Park ) 글로벌영어교육학회 1998 Studies in English education Vol.3 No.1

공리주의의 대안으로서 롤즈의 정의론

박정기(Park Jeung-Gi) 경북대학교 인문학술원 2010 동서사상 Vol.9 No.-

공리주의는 형이상학적 실체에 의존하지 않고 우리가 삶 속에서 추구하고자 하는 덕목들에 관심을 가지며, 어떤 행위나 정책들이 좋은 결과를 가져올 수 있는지, 없는 지 확인할 것을 요구한다. 이와 같은 공리주의의 특성은 구체적 생활 속에서 필요한 복지에 관심을 갖게 하고 그 결과에 따라 평가하게 한다. 그러나 복지 증진이라는 명목 속에는 소수자의 권리나 인권의 희생이 따르게 된다. 롤즈는 이러한 점에 주목하여 공리주의의 문제점들을 지적하고 그것에 대한 대안으로 전통적 계약론에 입각하여 자신이 정립한 ‘공정으로서의 정의’를 제시한다. 그는 일반적인 인간이 생활하는 조건을 정의의 여건으로 수용하고, 그들에게 무지의 베일이라는 조건을 적용함으로서 그들을 공정한 조건을 가진 원초적 입장의 당사자들로 수용하고자 한다. 이 원초적 입장의 당사자들은 개별적인 특수한 사정은 모르고 일반적인 사항만을 가지는 가상적 상황에 처하게 된다. 그들은 합리적이고 이기적이지만 다른 사람의 사정에 대해서는 무관심하다. 이 사람들이 받아들이게 될 정의관의 전제조건들과 분배문제를 고려하기 위해서 받아들이는 순수 절차적 정의를 바탕으로 롤즈는 정의의 두 원칙을 제시한다. 그것은 자유를 우선적으로 하고, 균등한 기회균등을 제공하며, 최소 수혜자를 위한 차등의 원칙을 그 특성으로 한다. 그는 정의의 두 원칙을 정당화하기 위해서 최소 극대화의 원칙을 주장한다. 그것은 원초적 입장의 당사자들에게는 최대 극대화 원칙보다 최소 극대화 원칙이 더 적합한 조건이라는 점을 들고 있다. 이렇게 제시된 정의론은 수많은 논점들을 제공했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그것은 공리주의가 가지는 전체의 이익을 위해 소수자의 자유가 배제되고 무시되는 점을 극복하였고, 효용이나 유용성을 바탕으로 하는 공리주의적 관점을 인간의 기본권리에 주목하도록 하였다고 평가 할 수 있을 것이다. The object of this paper is to show how Rawls developed his theory as an alternative to utilitarianism. Utilitarianism has been one of the predominant systematic theories for a long time since its birth. It appeals us since it was founded on the nature of the mental state of human beings. In the democratic society, especially, its power of persuasion has been more powerful than any others. Thus, it has been placed to be a main ideology in the democratic and capitalistic political structure of the West. It must not be overlooked, however, that the rights of minority, including the basic human rights, can be neglected by the support of profits of majority. J. Rawls pointed out this issue and criticized the utilitarianism. It was a different point of view from the other critics that had been stated about utilitarianism. What the other critics had done was not an alternative but simple critics to utilitarianism. Pointing out the problems of utilitarianism, Rawls generalized the traditional theory of the social contract based on the intuition as an alternative, and put the theory on the higher order of abstraction. In this way Rawls' theory of justice developed. While the utilitarians only concerned about the more profits of majority, his theory was aimed to improve human welfare on the basis of equally given rights to every human being. For this purpose, he set up the concept of his ‘original position’. This position basically asserts the equal rights for all. He suggested the concept of ‘veil of ignorance’ to explain this position. All men have the equal rights at this position. J. Rawls proposed the assumptions for the men in the original position as follows: Men are rational. But they do not have the conception of the good. And they are mutually disinterested. However, they are presumed to have the sense of justice, and this presumption was accepted as public knowledge among them. If these people construct the original position, establish a constitution and enact the laws by the principles of justice of their own choice, Rawls assumed, the society would become a well-ordered one. According to Rawls’ assumptions, the principles of justice of those who have chosen the ‘original position’ will realize the principles of equal basic liberty with priority. The basic human liberty is allowed to be restricted only for its own sake. That is, the less extensive liberty must strengthen the total system of liberty shared by all. And the less equal freedom must be acceptable to those with less liberty. These principles, nonetheless, cannot be realized without economic and social resources. Even though Rawls admits that these are inequalities, however, he permits these only if they aim to the realization of the equal liberty. From this perspective, he is concerned of the interests of the least advantaged. This is the ‘second principle of justice’ or the ‘different principles’. Social and economic inequalities must be arranged for the least advantaged to obtain the greatest benefit, for it is mutually prosperous for both the least advantaged and the most advantaged. Rawls’ arguments have raised a numerous issues and critics since the beginning of its presentation. Modern utilitarians and others have been against his proposal, which disturbed him. Some of them, criticizing Rawls as a libertarian, are in the position of communitarian. R. Nozick, while classified as a libertarian, has been famous for the critic against Rawls’ theory. Nevertheless, even those who are against Rawls’ proposal agree to the view that he opened a new road to the ethic-political philosophy. Therefore, J. Rawls’ theory of justice, as an alternative to utilitarianism can be evaluated that it has changed the subject of study from that of utilitarians to another, that is, from profits to personal rights of human beings.

섬유주절제술과 아메드밸브삽입술 후 초음파수정체유화술의 수술 결과 비교

박지석(Gi Seok Park),김경남(Kyoung Nam Kim),박기섭(Kee Sup Park),이한민(Han Min Lee),이남호(Nam Ho Lee),김창식(Chang-sik Kim) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.3

목적: 섬유주절제술과 아메드밸브삽입술을 시행받은 환자들에서 백내장수술 후 임상경과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 섬유주절제술을 시행한 29명 29안(1군)과 아메드밸브삽입술을 시행한 20명 20안(2군)을 대상으로 백내장수술 전에 세극등현미경검사와 안압검사를 포함한 전반적인 안과검사를 시행하였다. 수술 후 1일, 7일, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월째 검사를 반복하였다. 두 군에서 수술 후 안압 및 안압하강점안제의 개수를 포함한 임상경과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 전 평균 안압은 1군과 2군에서 각각 15.34 ± 4.34 mmHg와 16.35 ± 3.44 mmHg였다(p=0.265). 1군에서는 수술 후 1일째 평균 안압이 3.86 ± 9.69 mmHg (p=0.038) 상승하였고, 수술 후 3개월째(0.28 ± 0.70, p=0.046)와 6개월째(0.34 ± 0.94, p=0.047) 안압하강점안제의 개수가 증가하였다. 2군에서 안압과 안압하강점안제의 개수는 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 모든 시기에 변화를 보이지 않았다. 1군의 2명에서 수술 후 1개월 이내에 안압조절을 위해 결막하 5-fluorouracil 주사를 시행하였다. 결론: 섬유주절제술을 시행받은 군에서 백내장수술 직후 유의한 안압상승이 있었고, 일부 환자에서는 안압조절을 위한 추가적인 술기가 요구되었으며 수술 후 3개월째부터 안압하강점안제의 개수가 수술 전보다 증가하였다. 따라서 백내장수술 후 초기에는 섬유주절제술을 시행한 환자에서 아메드밸브삽입술을 시행한 환자에서보다 여과포의 기능이 더 떨어질 가능성을 고려하여 보다 면밀한 관찰이 필요할 것으로 보인다. Purpose: We compared the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients who underwent trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Methods: Twenty-nine trabeculectomized eyes of 29 patients (group 1) and 20 Ahmed glaucoma valve-implanted eyes of 20 patients (group 2) were enrolled consecutively. All subjects underwent thorough ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp microscopy and Goldmann applanation tonometry preoperatively, on postoperative days 1 and 7, and at postoperative months 1, 3, and 6. The surgical outcomes including intraocular pressure (IOP) and the required number of IOP-lowering medications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean preoperative IOP in groups 1 and 2 was 15.34 ± 4.34 and 16.35 ± 3.44 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.265). In group 1, the IOP on postoperative day 1 increased significantly (by 3.86 ± 9.69 mmHg, p = 0.038), and the number of IOP-lowering medications rose at both 3 months (0.28 ± 0.70, p = 0.046) and 6 months (0.34 ± 0.94, p = 0.047) postoperatively. Group 2 exhibited no change in the IOP postoperatively or the number of IOP-lowering medications required in the postoperative period. Subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections for IOP control were required by two group 1 patients within 1 month postoperatively. Conclusions: In patients with a trabeculectomized eye, the IOP increased immediately after cataract surgery; additional IOP-lowering procedures were required by some patients. The number of IOP-lowering medications increased after 3 months postoperatively. As cataract surgery may compromise filtering bleb function to a greater extent in trabeculectomized than in Ahmed glaucoma valve-implanted eyes, the former eyes require closer observation during the early postoperative period.

韓·英 兩語의 語彙의 比較

朴炯基(Park Hyung-gi) 새한영어영문학회 1980 새한영어영문학 Vol.10 No.-

PVDF 압전 센서의 전극생성기법에 따른 접착특성 분석에 관한 연구

박세기(Se-Gi Park),황희윤(Hui Yun Hwang) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

6.25의 법적 조명 제2세션 6.25의 국제법적 성격과 휴전협정 제6주제 한국전쟁이 국제법 발전에 미친 영향 -포로송환문제를 중심으로- 제6주제 지정토론

박기갑 ( Park Gi Gab ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2000 서울대학교 法學 Vol.41 No.2

골수이형성증후군 및 중증 자간전증이 합병된 임신의 증례보고

박향기 ( Hyang Gi Park ),윤소연 ( So Yeon Yoon ),최석주 ( Suk Joo Choi ),오수영 ( Soo Young Oh ),김종화 ( Jong Hwa Kim ),노정래 ( Cheong Rae Roh ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.55 No.10

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood due to ineffective hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Even though pregnancy complicated with MDS is extremely rare, it can be associated with a risk of bleeding or infection during pregnancy. Therefore, meticulous supportive care including proper transfusion of packed red blood cell or platelet concentrate and decision of timing of delivery should be provided. In this report, we present a pregnancy complicated with MDS and severe preeclampsia simultaneously with a brief review of literatures.